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{{Infobox_Broadcast |
{{Cleanup|date=July 2008}}
call_letters = WNYT|
city = [[Albany, New York]]|
station_logo = [[Image:Wnyt 2008.png]]|
station_slogan = Coverage You Can Trust|
station_branding = NewsChannel 13|
analog = 13 ([[very high frequency|VHF]])|
digital = 12 ([[very high frequency|VHF]])|
other_chs = W21CP [[Gloversville, New York|Gloversville]]<br>W28DA [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts|Pittsfield MA]]<br>W38DL [[Adams, Massachusetts|Adams MA]]|
affiliations = [[NBC]]<br>[[NBC Weather Plus]] (DT2)|
network = |
founded = |
airdate = [[February 19]], [[1954]]|
location = [[Albany, New York|Albany]]-[[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]]-[[Troy, New York]]|
callsign_meaning ='''W'''e're '''N'''ew '''Y'''ork's '''T'''elevision Station.|
former_callsigns = WTRI (1954-1958)<br>WAST (1958-1981)|
former_channel_numbers = 35 (1954-1958)|
owner = [[Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation]]|
licensee = WNYT-TV, LLC|
sister_stations = |
former_affiliations = [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (1954–1977)<br>[[CBS]] (1977-1981)|
effective_radiated_power = 178 [[kilowatt|kW]] (analog)<br>9.1 kW (digital)|
HAAT = {{convert|357|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (analog)<br>{{convert|436|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (digital)|
class = |
facility_id = 73363|
coordinates = {{coord|42|47|8.8|N|73|37|41.6|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=WNYT}} (analog)<br>
{{coord|42|37|31.3|N|74|0|36.3|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=WNYT}} (digital)|
homepage = [http://www.wnyt.com/ www.wnyt.com]|}}


'''WNYT''' channel 13 is the [[NBC]]-affiliated [[television station]] for [[Albany, New York]]. Its analog transmitter is located on Bald Mountain in Spiegeltown. The station's digital transmitter is located at the Helderberg Mountains tower farm in [[New Scotland, New York|New Scotland]]. Owned by [[Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation]], WNYT has studios located on North Pearl Street in [[Menands, New York|Menands]] (though it has an Albany address).
[[Image:Staphylococcus aureus (AB Test).jpg|right|thumb|200px|Testing the susceptibility of ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' to antibiotics by the [[Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing|Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method]]. Antibiotics diffuse out from antibiotic-containing disks and inhibit growth of ''S. aureus'' resulting in a zone of inhibition.]]


==Overview==
In modern usage, an '''antibiotic''' is a [[chemotherapeutic agent]] with activity against [[microorganism]]s such as [[bacteria]], [[fungus|fungi]] or [[protozoa]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Davey PG|chapter=Antimicrobial chemotherapy|editor=Ledingham JGG, Warrell DA|title=Concise Oxford Textbook of Medicine|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|pages=1475|year=2000|isbn=0192628704}}</ref>
The station offers [[NBC Weather Plus]] on its second digital subchannel and [[Time Warner]] digital cable channel 556. [[Television syndication|Syndicated]] programming on WNYT includes: ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'', ''[[Deal or No Deal]]'', ''[[Friends]]'', ''[[Rachael Ray (TV series)|The Rachael Ray Show]]'', ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show|Oprah]]'' and ''[[Entertainment Tonight]]''. WNYT is a handful of NBC affiliates that doesn't air ''[[Poker After Dark]]''.


==Repeaters==
The term "antibiotic" (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''αντί''&nbsp;– ''anti'', "against" + ''βιοτικός''&nbsp;– ''biotikos'', "fit for life"<ref>%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%239779 Anti, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]</ref><ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2320016 Biotikos, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus]</ref>) was coined by [[Selman Waksman]] in 1942 to describe any substance produced by a [[micro-organism]] that is antagonistic to the growth of other micro-organisms in high dilution. This original definition excluded naturally occurring substances, such as [[gastric juice]] and [[hydrogen peroxide]] (they kill micro-organisms but are not produced by micro-organisms), and also excluded synthetic compounds such as the [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamide]]s (which are antimicrobial agents). Many antibiotics are relatively [[small molecule]]s with a [[molecular weight]] less than 2000 [[Atomic mass unit|Da]].
In addition to its main signals, WNYT operates three additional repeaters. Until the early-1990s, WNYT also maintained a translator in [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]]. It was first located on channel 63 but moved to channel 36 after the launch of [[WRNN-TV|WTZA]] in 1985.


{| class="wikitable"
With advances in [[medicinal chemistry]], most antibiotics are now modified chemically from original compounds found in nature, as is the case with [[beta-lactam antibiotic|beta-lactam]]s (which include the [[penicillin]]s, produced by fungi in the genus ''[[Penicillium]]'', the [[cephalosporin]]s, and the [[carbapenem]]s). Some antibiotics are still produced and isolated from living organisms, such as the [[aminoglycoside]]s; in addition, many more have been created through purely synthetic means, such as the [[quinolone]]s.
|-
! Call letters
! Channel
! City of license
! Note
|-
| '''W21CP''' || 21 || [[Gloversville, New York|Gloversville]] || until 2006, it had the call letters W07AJ but changed after [[WXXA-TV|WXXA-DT]] began broadcasting on digital channel 7
|-
| '''W28DA''' || 28 || [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts|Pittsfield]] || until 2006, it had the call letters W07AI and was also changed due to sign on of WXXA-DT
|-
| '''W38DL''' || 38 || [[Adams, Massachusetts|Adams]] ||until 2005, it had the call letters W51AE and was changed due to the sign on of [[WNYA]] in Pittsfield
|}


== Overview ==
==History==
The station began broadcasting on [[February 17]], [[1954]]. It was licenced to Troy, was a [[CBS]] affiliate and had the call letters '''WTRI'''. The station broadcased on channel 35 and was co-owned with [[WOFX (AM)|WTRY]] radio. WTRI's studios were located east of Troy near its transmitter on Bald Mountain. It left the air in January 1955 when it lost its network affiliation to the more powerful WROW-TV, now [[WTEN]]. No longer connected with [[WOFX (AM)|WTRY]] radio, the station was sold to a company called '''Van Curler Broadcasting Corp.''' in 1959. WTRI returned to the air in August 1956 as an [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate. In 1958, it was re-licensed to Albany, moved to channel 13 and received new call letters '''WAST''' (for '''A'''lbany - '''S'''chenectady - '''T'''roy). Originally, the station had wanted to take the "WTAS" calls (for Troy - Albany - Schenectady), but the similarity of the "TAS" letters to the [[Information Telegraph Agency of Russia|news agency of the Soviet Union]] led to the use of WAST.
{{SectOR|date=March 2008}}
Unlike previous treatments for infections, which often consisted of administering chemical compounds such as [[strychnine]] and [[arsenic]], with high [[toxicity]] also against [[mammals]], antibiotics from microbes had no or few side effects{{Fact|date=September 2008}} and high effective target activity. Most anti-bacterial antibiotics do not have activity against viruses, fungi, or other [[microbes]]. Anti-bacterial antibiotics can be categorized based on their target specificity: "narrow-spectrum" antibiotics target particular types of bacteria, such as [[Gram-negative]] or [[Gram-positive]] bacteria, while [[broad-spectrum antibiotic]]s affect a wide range of bacteria.


Shortly after the upgrade, The original owners moved the station's studios to a warehouse on the Albany - Menands line on North Pearl St. which previously housed [[Selective Service]] records. Although improvements to WAST's signal had been made, it was still significantly weaker than the other television stations due to a sizable short spacing to [[New York City]]'s WNDT (now [[WNET]]). Also, the Bald Mountain transmitter location played a factor as well. The other stations in the market had their transmitters at a location in the Helderberg Mountains in New Scotland. In 1969, WAST was sold to Sonderling Broadcasting.
The environment of individual antibiotics varies with the location of the infection, the ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of infection, and the ability of the microbe to inactivate or excrete the antibiotic. Some anti-bacterial antibiotics destroy bacteria (bactericidal), whereas others prevent bacteria from multiplying (bacteriostatic).


In 1977, WAST switched affiliations with [[WTEN]] and became the Capital District's [[CBS]] affiliate. During the next year, [[Viacom (1971-2005)|Viacom]] purchased Sonderling which made WAST the company's first television station holding (ironically, Viacom had started as the syndication arm of CBS). On [[1981|September 21, 1981]], [[WRGB]] swapped affiliations with WAST and WAST became the area's NBC affiliate. Seeking a fresh start and a new identity, Viacom decided to mark the affiliation change with the new calls of '''WNYT'''. With the new affiliation and call letters, Viacom expanded and modernized the studios, newsroom, offices (including the market's first modern computers). The company also made a significant investment in electronic equipment, including a satellite receiving news station. Investment in talent increased with the station with the building of its own talent and taking key talent from other stations in the market.
Oral antibiotics are simply ingested, while [[intravenous]] antibiotics are used in more serious cases, such as deep-seated [[systemic infection]]s. Antibiotics may also sometimes be administered [[topical]]ly, as with [[eye drop]]s or [[ointment]]s.


The station's affiliation and station changes also made WNYT one of a handful of channels to have affiliated with every major network (ABC, CBS and NBC). WNYT had overtaken WTEN for the runner-up spot by the late 1980s and in 1992 scored its first #1 late news victory. Gradually, the station overtook longtime leader WRGB in other timeslots. With the rebranding of the station's newscasts from "News 13" to "NewsChannel 13" in 1991, WNYT became the first station to use the "Live. Local. Late Breaking." tag line, a slogan which is now commonplace throughout the country.
In the last few years three new classes of antibiotics have been brought into clinical use. This follows a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibiotic compounds. These new antibiotics are of the following three classes: cyclic lipopeptides (daptomycin), glycylcyclines (tigecycline), and oxazolidinones (linezolid). Tigecycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, while the two others are used for gram-positive infections. These developments show promise as a means to counteract the growing bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics.


In 1994, after Viacom bought [[Paramount Pictures]], Paramount became the parent for all of Viacom's television stations, including WNYT. Shortly thereafter, Paramount decided to divest itself of all non-[[UPN]] affiliates, which led to a deal in 1996 where Paramount traded WNYT and [[WHEC-TV]] in [[Rochester, New York]] to [[Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation]] for UPN affiliate [[WTOG-TV]] in [[Tampa, Florida]]. In Viacom's last sweeps period owning WNYT, the station had its first solid book as the #1 station in the market, a position which the station has maintained in the decade Hubbard has owned the station. Two years after Hubbard bought WNYT, it won the distinction of being the first and, to date, the only station outside of [[New York City]] to win the regional [[Emmy]] award for best newscast in New York State.
== History ==
{{see also|Timeline of antibiotics}}


WNYT signed on its digital signal in October 2003 on [[VHF]] channel 12. Unlike the station's analog signal, WNYT-DT's transmitter is located in the Helderberg Mountains with the market's other stations. WNYT-DT will move to Channel 13 after the switchover to digital television on February 17, 2009.
[[Image:Penicillin-core.png|thumb|170px|Penicillin]]


==News operation==
Although potent antibiotic compounds for treatment of human diseases caused by bacteria (such as [[tuberculosis]], [[bubonic plague]], or [[leprosy]]) were not isolated and identified until the twentieth century, the first known use of antibiotics was by the [[Traditional Chinese medicine|ancient Chinese]] over 2,500 years ago.<ref>[http://science.enotes.com/how-products-encyclopedia/antibiotic How Products Are Made: Antibiotics]</ref> Many other ancient cultures, including the [[Ancient Egyptian medicine|ancient Egyptians]], [[Ancient Greek medicine|ancient Greeks]] and [[Islamic medicine|medieval Arabs]] already used [[mold]]s and plants to treat [[infection]]s, owing to the production of antibiotic substances by these organisms, a phenomenon known as [[antibiosis]]<ref>http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antibiosis</ref>
[[Image:baldmountaintroy.jpg|thumb|left|WNYT's analog transmitter and [[weather radar]] located on Bald Mountain outside of Troy.]]


In the mid-1990s, WNYT began an alliance with [[PBS]] affiliate [[WMHT (TV)|WMHT]]. This led to WNYT producing several programs for WMHT including semi-regular "Town Hall" meetings, the weekly call-in show ''Health Link'', and for two years the market's first 10 P.M. newscast on WMHT's then-secondary station, [[WCWN|WMHQ]]. From 2001 until 2004, WNYT also maintained a [[Local marketing agreement|joint sales agreement]] (JSA) with [[ION Television|PAX]] affiliate [[WYPX]] that included rebroadcasts of newscasts and local non-news programming. In 2001, WNYT opened a [[news bureau]] covering [[Berkshire County, Massachusetts]].
Quinine became widely used as a therapeutic agent in the 17th century for the treatment of [[malaria]], the disease caused by ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'', a [[protazoa|protozoan]] [[parasite]].


At that time, it was the first [[Western Massachusetts]] news bureau of a Capital District station. It is located on South Church Street in downtown [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts|Pittsfield]]. After forging an alliance with the ''[[The Post-Star|Glens Falls Post-Star]]'', the Saratoga / North Country Newsroom was opened in [[Saratoga Springs, New York|Saratoga Springs]] in early-2004. In December 2005, WNYT began broadcasting [[NBC Weather Plus]] on its second digital subchannel with a full launch coming two months later.
Antibiosis was first described in 1877 in bacteria when [[Louis Pasteur]] and [[Robert Koch]] observed that an airborne bacillus could inhibit the growth of ''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=H. Landsberg |title=Prelude to the discovery of penicillin |journal=Isis |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=225–227. |year=1949|doi=10.1086/349043}}</ref> The antibiotic properties of ''Penicillium sp.'' were first described in [[France]] by [[Ernest Duchesne]] in 1897. However, his work went by without much notice from the scientific community until [[Alexander Fleming]]'s discovery of [[Penicillin]] (see below).


WNYT operates their own [[weather radar]] that is known as "NewsChannel 13 First Warning Doppler". It is located next to the station's analog signal on Bald Mountain. On [[March 24]], [[2008]], WNYT replaced its weekday Noon newscast with an hour-long broadcast at 11 A.M. entitled ''Midday''. ''[[Family Feud]]'', which originally aired for a half-hour at that time, moved to the Noon timeslot.
Modern research on antibiotic therapy began in [[Germany]] with the development of the narrow-spectrum antibiotic [[Salvarsan]] by [[Paul Ehrlich]] in 1909, for the first time allowing an efficient treatment of the then-widespread problem of [[Syphilis]]. The drug, which was also effective against other [[spirochaete|spirochaetal]] infections, is no longer in use in modern medicine.


===Newscast titles===
Antibiotics were further developed in Britain following the discovery of [[Penicillin]] in 1928 by [[Alexander Fleming]]. More than ten years later, [[Ernst Chain]] and [[Howard Florey, Baron by a research team led by [[Gerhard Domagk]] (who received the 1939 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize for Medicine]] for his efforts) at the [[Bayer]] Laboratories of the [[I.G. Farben]] conglomerate in Germany. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect against [[Gram-positive]] [[Coccus|cocci]] but not against [[Enterobacteriaceae|enterobacteria]]. The discovery and development of this first [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamide]] drug opened the era of antibiotics.
*''WTRI-TV News'' (1954-1958)
*''WAST News'' (1958-1966)
*''Eyewitness News'' (1966-1977)
*''13 News'' (1977-1981)
*''TV-13 News'' (1981-1986)
**during this period, the 6 P.M. newscast was known as ''The 30-Minute News'', a move to signify its length vs. the then-hour long newscasts on WRGB and WTEN
*''News 13'' (1986-September 1991)
*''[[NewsChannel]] 13'' (September 1991-present)


==Digital television==
== Classes of antibiotics ==
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
{| class="wikitable"
'''Digital channels'''
|-
! Virtual<br>Channel
! Physical<br>RF Channel
! [[Video resolution|Video]]
! [[Aspect ratio|Aspect]]
! Programming
|-
| 13.1 || 12.1 || [[1080i]] || [[16:9]] || main WNYT programming / NBC [[HDTV|HD]]
|-
| 13.2 || 12.2 || [[480i]] || [[4:3]] || [[NBC Weather Plus]]
|}


In [[2009]], WNYT will remain on its current pre-transition channel number, 12. <ref name="Analog to Digital">http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf</ref> <ref name="FCCForm387">[http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/forms/prod/cdbsmenu.hts?context=25&appn-101231511&formid=387&fac_num=73363 CDBS Print<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> However, through the use of [[Program and System Information Protocol|PSIP]], digital television receivers will display WNYT's [[virtual channel]] as 13.
{{main|List of antibiotics}}


==News team==
At the highest level, antibiotics can be classified as either [[bactericidal]] or [[bacteriostatic]]. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly where bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior; in practice, both of these are capable of ending a bacterial infection.<ref>Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R. (1999) “Host-Parasite Interaction; Nonspecific Host Resistance”, In: Microbiology Conceptsand Applications, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, U.S.A. pp. 478-479.</ref> Classes of antibiotics include [[aminoglycoside]]s, [[ansamycin]]s, [[carbacephem]], [[carbapenem]]s, [[cephalosporin]]s, [[Glycopeptide antibiotic|glycopeptides]], [[macrolide]]s, [[monobactams]], [[penicillin]]s, [[Polypeptide antibiotics|polypeptides]], [[quinolone]]s, [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamides]], and [[Tetracycline antibiotics|tetracycline]]s, along with others.
[[Image:Wnyt anchors 2008.png|thumb|rught|WNYT's weeknight 6 and 11 o'clock anchors.]]
[[Image:Wnyt weather.png|thumb|right|The station's chief meteorologist.]]


'''Anchors'''<br>''(in alphabetical order)''
== Production ==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!width="140"|Personality
!width="295"|Position
!width="125"|WNYT Since
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98029.shtml?cat=10265 '''Phil Bayly''']||NewsChannel 13 Today
|align="center"|1986
|-
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98097.shtml?cat=10265 '''Elaine Houston''']||NewsChannel 13 Live at 5:30/Education Reporter
|align="center"|1990
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98094.shtml?cat=10265 '''Jim Kambrich''']||NewsChannel 13 Live at 5, NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11/Reporter
|align="center"|1994
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98092.shtml?cat=10265 '''Lydia Kulbida''']||NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11
|align="center"|2000
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98083.shtml?cat=10265 '''Jessica Layton''']||News Channel 13 Weekend Today/General Assignment Reporter
|align="center"|2006
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98055.shtml?cat=10265 '''Kelly Lynch''']||NewsChannel 13 Midday/Host of: Forum 13
|align="center"|1996, 1998
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98037.shtml?cat=10265 '''Kumi Tucker''']||NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11 (weekends)/Reporter
|align="center"|unknown
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98030.shtml?cat=10265 '''Benita Zahn''']||NewsChannel 13 Live at 5, NewsChannel 13 Live at 5:30/Health Reporter
|align="center"|1979
|}


'''''NewsChannel 13 First Warning Weather Team'''''<br>''(in order of rank)''
{{main|Production of antibiotics}}
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!width="140"|Personality
!width="280"|Position
!width="140"|WNYT Since
|-
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98093.shtml?cat=10265 '''Bob Kovachick''']||Chief Meteorologist, NewsChannel 13 Live at 5, NewsChannel 13 Live at 5:30, NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11
|align="center"|1988
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98122.shtml?cat=10265 '''Paul Caiano''']||NewsChannel 13 Today
|align="center"|1993
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98099.shtml?cat=10265 '''Jason Gough''']||NewsChannel 13 Midday/Fill-in meteorologist
|align="center"|2004
|-
|'''George Caldes'''||NewsChannel 13 Weekend Today, News Channel 13 Live at 6, News Channel 13 Live at 11 (weekends)
|align="center"|2008
|}


'''Sports'''<br>''(in order of rank)''
Since the first pioneering efforts of [[Howard Florey, Baron Florey|Florey]] and [[Ernst Boris Chain|Chain]] in 1939, the importance of antibiotics to [[medicine]] has led to much research into discovering and producing them. The process of production usually involves screening of wide ranges of microorganisms, testing and modification. Production is carried out using [[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]], usually in strongly aerobic form.
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!width="140"|Personality
!width="280"|Position
!width="140"|WNYT Since
|-
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98035.shtml?cat=10265 '''Rodger Wyland''']||Sports Director, NewsChannel 13 at 6, NewsChannel 13 at 11
|align="center"|1986
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98106.shtml?cat=10265 '''Andrew Catalon''']||NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel Live at 11 (weekends)/Host of: ''Big Board Sports''
|align="center"|2003
|-
|}


'''Reporters'''<br>''(in alphabetical order)''
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
!width="140"|Personality
!width="295"|Position
!width="125"|WNYT Since
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98027.shtml?cat=10265 '''John Allen''']||General Assignment Reporter/Fill-in anchor
|align="center"|1996
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98145.shtml?cat=10265 '''Abigail Bleck''']||General Assignment Reporter
|align="center"|2004
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98144.shtml?cat=10265 '''Jay Bobbin''']||Entertainment Critic
|align="center"|1993
|-
|'''John Craig'''||General Assignment Reporter
|align="center"|2008
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98103.shtml?cat=10265 '''Subrina Dhammi''']||General Assignment Reporter/Political Reporter
|align="center"|2005
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98084.shtml?cat=10265 '''Bill Lambdin''']||General Assignment Reporter
|align="center"|1980
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98040.shtml?cat=10265 '''Matt McFarland''']||General Assignment Reporter
|align="center"|2006
|-
|[http://wnyt.com/article/stories/S98039.shtml?cat=10265 '''Mark Mulholland''']||[[Saratoga County, New York|Saratoga]]/[[North Country, New York|North Country]] Bureau Chief
|align="center"|1993
|-
|'''Beth Wurtmann'''||General Assignment Reporter
|align="center"|2008
|-
|}


==Past personnel==

*Howie Altschule (Fill-in, then noon, meteorologist from 1997-2004, now a notable [http://www.weatherconsultants.com/ forensic meteorologist])
== Side effects ==
*[[Gary Apple]] (Sports reporter in the mid-1980s, now at [[SportsNet New York]])
Possible side effects are varied, depending on the antibiotics used and the microbial organisms targeted. Adverse effects can range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions including [[photodermatitis]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}} One of the more common side effects is [[diarrhea]], sometimes caused by the anaerobic bacterium ''[[Clostridium difficile]]'', which results from the antibiotic disrupting the normal balance of the [[intestinal flora]],<ref>University of Michigan Health System: [http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_aadiarrh_crs.htm Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea], November 26, 2006</ref> Such overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria may be alleviated by ingesting [[probiotics]] during a course of antibiotics. {{Fact|date=April 2007}}. An antibiotic-induced disruption of the population of the bacteria normally present as constituents of the normal vaginal flora may also occur, and may lead to overgrowth of yeast species of the genus ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'' in the vulvo-vaginal area. <ref name="Pirotta and Garland">{{cite journal|author=Pirotta MV, Garland SM|year= 2006|title=Genital Candida species detected in samples from women in Melbourne, Australia, before and after treatment with antibiotics|journal=J Clin Microbiol.|volume=44|pages=3213–3217|pmid=16954250|doi=10.1128/JCM.00218-06}}</ref> Other side effects can result from interaction with other drugs, such as elevated risk of [[tendon]] damage from administration of a [[Quinolones|quinolone]] antibiotic with a systemic [[corticosteroid]].
*Dan Bazile (Political reporter and weekend morning anchor from 2004 to 2007; left in 2007 to become a spokesman for NY State Assemblyman [[James Tedisco]])

*Chris Brunner (Longtime reporter and later assistant News Director, left in 2002 to become News Director at [[Capital News 9]]. Retired from [[Capital News 9]] in May 2007.)
Hypothetically, some antibiotics might interfere with the efficiency of birth control pills. However there have been no conclusive studies that proved that; on the contrary, the majority of the studies indicate that antibiotics do not interfere with contraception<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.wdxcyber.com/ncontr10.htm |title=Drugs Affecting Birth Control Pills |accessdate=2008-02-17 }}</ref>, even though there is a possibility that a small percentage of women may experience decreased effectiveness of birth control pills while taking an antibiotic.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AmTUUjVc3edfYh8cZaxmJ00jzKIX;_ylv=3?qid=20070524151339AAw8vfi |title=Antibiotic and birth control |accessdate=2008-02-17 |publisher=Yahoo answers }}</ref>
*[http://www.news12now.com/onset?db=fbi&id=922927&template=talentbio.html Lindsay Cohen] (News reporter and fill-in anchor from 2002-2005, now at WPEC in West Palm Beach, FL

*Lee Copson (Weekend Meteorologist from 2000 to 2006. He said on his last newscast that he was leaving the business to pursue a career in financial services)
==Antibiotics and alcohol==
*[[Nancy Cozean]] (First lead female weekday anchor in the Albany market, left in 1985 to co-anchor the evening newscast at upstart [[WTZA]] in Kingston, NY. Now the mayor of the [[Poughkeepsie (city), New York|City of Poughkeepsie]])
In general, alcohol should be avoided when taking antibiotics. <ref>[[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/antibiotics-and-alcohol/AN01802]]</ref>
*Ed Dague (Lead anchor and managing editor from 1984 to 2003; his arrival at the station is seen as the reversal of WNYT's fortunes. Now the caretaker of the [http://blogs.timesunion.com/eddague/ ''In Media Res'' blog] at the [[Albany Times-Union]] website)
However contrary to a popular belief, only certain antibiotics have negative interactions with alcohol. [[Metronidazole]], [[tinidazole]],
*Tim Drawbridge (Former weekend meteorologist from 2007-2008. He left WNYT in May 2008 to become the Public Relations Manager & Spokesperson for [[The Great Escape]])
[[latamoxef]], [[cefamandole]], [[cefoperazone]], [[cefmenoxime]], and [[furazolidone]], when taken with alcohol, provoke a [[disulfiram]]-like reaction (severe vomiting, nausea, shortness of breath, flushing etc.) Serum levels of doxycycline and erythromycin succinate may, in certain circumstances, be significantly reduced by alcohol consumption. <ref>Stockley, IH (2002), Stockley's Drug Interactions. 6th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press.</ref>
*[http://www.wftv.com/station/1914351/detail.html Josh Einiger] (Original chief of the Berkshire Newsroom, now a general assignment reporter at [[WFTV]] in [[Orlando, Florida]])

*[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=8b1933ec-7907-4e10-8b0d-4d4246c2dec7 John Gray] (Left for WXXA at the end of 2003 after being passed up as Ed Dague's replacement, most notably anchored the 5:00/5:30 newscasts)
== Antibiotic misuse ==
*[[Todd Gross]] (Chief meteorologist from 1980 to 1983)

*Wilson Hall (The longtime [[NBC]] news reporter joined the station as the main news anchor in the late 1970s. Hall died in 1991.)
Common forms of antibiotic misuse include failure to take into account the patient's weight and history of prior antibiotic use when prescribing, since both can strongly affect the efficacy of an antibiotic prescription, failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, failure to prescribe or take the course of treatment at fairly precise correct daily intervals (e.g. "every 8 hours" rather than merely "3x per day"), or failure to rest for sufficient recovery to allow clearance of the infecting organism. These practices may facilitate the development of bacterial populations with [[#Antibiotic_resistance|antibiotic resistance]]. Inappropriate antibiotic treatment is another common form of antibiotic misuse. A common example is the prescription and use of antibiotics to treat viral infections such as the [[common cold]] that have no effect.
*[http://www.fox23news.com/content/newsbios/story.aspx?content_id=346a0510-8f05-4d8b-9c2f-e50acead1016 Brandon Hertell] (Fill-in meteorologist, morning meteorologist at [[WXXA-TV]] since September 2006)

*[[Chris Jansing|Chris Kapostasy]] (Now better known as Chris Jansing of [[MSNBC]], started at then-WAST as a reporter in 1981 and was weeknight co-anchor from 1987 until her 1998 departure
===Animals===
*Lars Lifrak (Weekend sports anchor from the late 1990s-2004, now a reporter at [http://www.soccer365.com Soccer365.com])
It is estimated that greater than 70% of the antibiotics used in U.S. are given to feed animals (e.g. chickens, pigs and cattle) in the absence of disease.<ref>Mellon, M ''et al''. (2001) ''Hogging It!: Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock'', 1st ed. Cambridge, MA: [[Union of Concerned Scientists]].</ref> Antibiotic use in food animal production has been associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria including ''Salmonella'' spp., ''Campylobacter'' spp., ''Escherichia coli'', and ''Enterococcus'' spp. Evidence from some US and European studies suggest that these resistant bacteria cause infections in humans that do not respond to commonly prescribed antibiotics. In response to these practices and attendant problems, several organizations (e.g. The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)) have called for restrictions on antibiotic use in food animal production and an end to all non-therapeutic uses. {{Fact|date=May 2007}} However, delays in regulatory and legislative actions to limit the use of antibiotics are common, and may include resistance to these changes by industries using or selling antibiotics, as well as time spent on research to establish causal links between antibiotic use and emergence of untreatable bacterial diseases. Today, there are two federal bills (S.742 and H.R. 2562) aimed at phasing out non-therapeutic antibiotics in US food animal production. These bills are endorsed by public health and medical organizations including the American Nurses Association (ANA), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the American Public Health Association (APHA). {{Fact|date=May 2007}}
*Bob McNamara (Sports director from 1981-2001, the first talent WNYT acquired from another station (WRGB) and the only person to have on-air roles at all 3 of Albany's VHF's)

*Joe Moskowitz (Reporter and Weekend evening anchor in early-mid 1980s.)
===Humans===
*Scott Murray (Sports anchor, late 1970s-1980; retired, previously at [[KXAS-TV]] in Dallas)
One study on [[respiratory tract infection]]s found "physicians were more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients who they believed expected them, although they correctly identified only about 1 in 4 of those patients".<ref name="pmid17467120">{{cite journal |author=Ong S, Nakase J, Moran GJ, Karras DJ, Kuehnert MJ, Talan DA |title=Antibiotic use for emergency department patients with upper respiratory infections: prescribing practices, patient expectations, and patient satisfaction |journal=Annals of emergency medicine |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=213–20 |year=2007 |pmid=17467120 |doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.026}}</ref> Multifactorial interventions aimed at both physicians and patients can reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics. <ref name="pmid17509729">{{cite journal |author=Metlay JP, Camargo CA, MacKenzie T, ''et al'' |title=Cluster-randomized trial to improve antibiotic use for adults with acute respiratory infections treated in emergency departments |journal=Annals of emergency medicine |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=221–30 |year=2007 |pmid=17509729 |doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.022}}</ref> Delaying antibiotics for 48 hours while observing for spontaneous resolution of respiratory tract infections may reduce antibiotic usage; however, this strategy may reduce patient satisfaction.<ref name="pmid17636757">{{cite journal |author=Spurling G, Del Mar C, Dooley L, Foxlee R |title=Delayed antibiotics for respiratory infections |journal=Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) |volume= |issue=3 |pages=CD004417 |year=2007 |pmid=17636757 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004417.pub3}}</ref>
*[[Miles O'Brien (journalist)|Miles O'Brien]] (Now of [[CNN]], his first job as an anchor was weekends at WNYT for a time in the mid-1980s)

*Carl Osborne (late 50's? - mid 70's; was chief announcer for then WAST durning it's early years. (Deceased)
Excessive use of [[prophylaxis|prophylactic]] antibiotics in travelers may also be classified as misuse.
*[[Randy Salerno]] (Weekend anchor from 1988-93; killed in snowmobile accident in 2008)

*Steve Scoville (Reporter and later contributor of "Capital Region Backroads", a longtime segment at the end of Wednesday and Friday night newscasts, 1982-2006)
== Antibiotic resistance ==
*[[Norm Sebastian]] (Former weekend, then weekday morning/noon meteorolgist until his death in December 2000)

*Herb Stevens (Chief Meteorologist prior to Bob Kovachick's arrival, Stevens is known as the [http://www.skiingweatherman.com Skiing Weatherman] of syndicated weekly ski forecast fame)
{{main|Antibiotic resistance}}
*[[Don Weeks]] (Weatherman during the late 1960s under the name of "Wally Weather", now a morning show host at [[WGY]], a post he has held since 1980)

*John Wolf (Weatherman during the later WAST years)
[[Image:MRSA7820.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Scanning electron micrograph|SEM]] depicting [[methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus|methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'']] bacteria.]]
*[http://www.wvec.com/weather/four_degrees.html Julie Wilcox] (staff reporter and occasional weekend anchor. Now weekend morning meteorologist at [[WVEC]] Hampton Roads, VA)

Use or misuse of antibiotics may result in the development of ''antibiotic resistance'' by the infecting organisms, similar to the development of [[pesticide resistance]] in insects. [[Evolutionary theory]] of [[selection|genetic selection]] requires that as close as possible to 100% of the infecting organisms be killed off to avoid selection of resistance; if a small subset of the population survives the treatment and is allowed to multiply, the average susceptibility of this new population to the compound will be much less than that of the original population, since they have descended from those few organisms that survived the original treatment. This survival often results from an inheritable resistance to the compound that was infrequent in the original population, but became more frequent in the descendants.

Antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem in both developed and underdeveloped nations. By 1984 half of those with active [[tuberculosis]] in the [[United States]] had a strain that resisted at least one antibiotic. {{Fact|date=January 2008}} In certain settings, such as hospitals and some childcare locations, the rate of antibiotic resistance is so high that the usual, low-cost antibiotics are virtually useless for treatment of frequently seen infections. This leads to more frequent use of newer and more expensive compounds, which in turn leads to the rise of resistance to those drugs. A struggle to develop new antibiotics ensues to prevent losing future battles against infection. To date, tuberculosis and pneumococcus are prominent examples of once easily treated infections where drug-resistance has become a problem.

[[Image:Antibiotics action.png|left|thumb|150px|Points of attack on bacteria by antibiotics]]
Another example of selection is ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' ('golden staph'), which could be treated successfully with [[penicillin]] in the 1940s and 1950s. At present, nearly all strains are resistant to penicillin, and many are resistant to [[nafcillin]], leaving only a narrow selection of drugs such as [[vancomycin]] useful for treatment. The situation is complicated by the fact that genes coding for antibiotic resistance can be transferred between bacteria via [[plasmids]], making it possible for bacteria never exposed to an antibiotic to acquire resistance from those which have. The problem of antibiotic resistance is made more widespread when antibiotics are used to treat disorders in which they have no efficacy, such as the common cold or other viral complaints, and when they are used broadly as prophylaxis rather than treatment (as in, for example, animal feeds), because this exposes more bacteria to selection for resistance.

===Resistance modifying agents===

One solution to combat resistance currently being researched is the development of pharmaceutical compounds that would revert multiple antibiotic resistance. These so called resistance modifying agents may target and inhibit MDR mechanisms, rendering the bacteria susceptible to antibiotics to which they were previously resistant. These compounds targets include among others

*[[Efflux (microbiology)|Efflux inhibition]](Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide)<ref>B. Marquez. (2005). Bacterial efflux systems and efflux pumps inhibitors. ''Biochimie''87 1137–1147</ref>
*Beta Lactamase inhibitors - Including [[Clavulanic acid]] and [[Sulbactam]]

== Beyond antibiotics ==

The comparative ease of identifying compounds which safely cured bacterial infections was more difficult to duplicate in treatments of fungal and viral infections. Antibiotic research led to great strides in the knowledge of [[biochemistry]], establishing large differences between the cellular and molecular physiology of the bacterial cell and that of the mammalian cell. This explained the observation that many compounds that are toxic to bacteria are non-toxic to human cells. In contrast, the basic biochemistries of the fungal cell and the [[mammal]]ian cell are much more similar. This restricts the development and use of therapeutic compounds that attack a fungal cell, while not harming mammalian cells. Similar problems exist in antibiotic treatments of [[virus|viral]] diseases. Human viral metabolic biochemistry is very closely similar to human biochemistry, and the possible targets of antiviral compounds are restricted to very few components unique to a mammalian virus.

Research into [[bacteriophage]]s for use as antibiotics is presently ongoing. Several types of bacteriophage appear to exist that are specific for each bacterial taxonomic group or species.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} Research into bacteriophages for medicinal use is just beginning, but has led to advances in microscopic imaging.<ref>Purdue University "Biologists build better software, beat path to viral knowledge", see Imaging of Epsilon 15, a virus that infects the bacterium Salmonella [http://news.uns.purdue.edu/UNS/html4ever/2006/060201.Jiang.salmonella.html News report]</ref> While bacteriophages provide a possible solution to the problem of antibiotic resistance, there is no clinical evidence yet that they can be deployed as therapeutic agents to cure disease.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}

[[Phage therapy]] has been used in the past on humans in the US and Europe during the 1920s and 1930s, but these treatments had mixed results. With the discovery of penicillin in the 1940s, Europe and the US changed therapeutic strategies to using antibiotics. However, in the former Soviet Union phage therapies continued to be studied. In the Republic of Georgia, the Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology & Virology continues to research the use of phage therapy. Various companies and foundations in North America and Europe are currently researching phage therapies. {{Fact|date=May 2007}} However, phage are living and reproducing; concerns about genetic engineering in freely released viruses currently limit certain aspects of phage therapy.

[[Bacteriocin]]s are also a growing alternative to the classic small-molecule antibiotics <ref>{{cite journal |author=Gillor O, Kirkup BC, Riley MA |title=Colicins and microcins: the next generation antimicrobials |journal=Adv. Appl. Microbiol. |volume=54 |issue= |pages=129–46 |year=2004 |pmid=15251279 |doi=10.1016/S0065-2164(04)54005-4}}</ref>. Different classes of bacteriocins have different potential as therapeutic agents. Small molecule bacteriocins ([[microcin]]s, for example, and [[lantibiotic]]s) may be similar to the classic antibiotics; [[colicin]]-like bacteriocins are more likely to be narrow-spectrum, demanding new molecular diagnostics prior to therapy but also not raising the spectre of resistance to the same degree. One drawback to the large molecule antibiotics is that they will have relative difficulty crossing membranes and travelling systemically throughout the body. For this reason, they are most often proposed for application topically or gastrointestinally<ref name="pmid17168847">{{cite journal |author=Kirkup BC |title=Bacteriocins as oral and gastrointestinal antibiotics: theoretical considerations, applied research, and practical applications |journal=[[Curr. Med. Chem.]] |volume=13 |issue=27 |pages=3335–50 |year=2006 |pmid=17168847 |doi=}}</ref>. Because bacteriocins are peptides, they are more readily engineered than small molecules<ref name="pmid15777256">{{cite journal |author=Gillor O, Nigro LM, Riley MA |title=Genetically engineered bacteriocins and their potential as the next generation of antimicrobials |journal=[[Curr. Pharm. Des.]] |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=1067–75 |year=2005 |pmid=15777256 |doi=}}</ref>. This may permit the generation of cocktails and dynamically improved antibiotics that are modified to overcome resistance.

[[Probiotic]]s are another alternative that goes beyond traditional antibiotics by employing a live culture which may establish itself as a symbiont, competing, inhibiting, or simply interfering with colonization by pathogens. It may produce antibiotics or bacteriocins, essentially providing the drug ''in vivo'' and ''in situ'', potentially avoiding the side effects of systemic administration.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist}}
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.wnyt.com/ WNYT "NewsChannel 13"]
{{commonscat|Antibiotics}}
*[http://www.nbc.com/ NBC]
* [http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/categories/index/drugs/resist.php Antibiotic News from Genome News Network (GNN)]
*{{TVQ|WNYT}}
* [http://www.jaapa.com/issues/j20040601/articles/antibiotics0604.html JAAPA: New antibiotics useful in primary care]
*{{TVQ|W21CP}}
* [http://www.isracast.com/tech_news/090605_tech.htm A new method for controlling bacterial activity without antibiotics] - Research conducted at the Hebrew University
*{{TVQ|W28DA}}
* [http://www.eu-burden.info/ BURDEN of Resistance and Disease in European Nations]
*{{TVQ|W38DL}}
* [http://www.tgw1916.net/movies.html Antibiogram technique] video
*{{BIA|WNYT|TV|TV}}
* [http://www.esac.ua.ac.be/ European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC)]
=== Resources ===
* [http://www.bacteriatd.com Bacteria Tower Defense - Antibiotic Coverage Resource and Game]
* [http://www.apua.org Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics]

{{antibiotics}}
{{Major Drug Groups}}


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Revision as of 20:06, 10 October 2008

{{Infobox broadcast}} may refer to:

{{Template disambiguation}} should never be transcluded in the main namespace.

WNYT channel 13 is the NBC-affiliated television station for Albany, New York. Its analog transmitter is located on Bald Mountain in Spiegeltown. The station's digital transmitter is located at the Helderberg Mountains tower farm in New Scotland. Owned by Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation, WNYT has studios located on North Pearl Street in Menands (though it has an Albany address).

Overview

The station offers NBC Weather Plus on its second digital subchannel and Time Warner digital cable channel 556. Syndicated programming on WNYT includes: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Deal or No Deal, Friends, The Rachael Ray Show, Oprah and Entertainment Tonight. WNYT is a handful of NBC affiliates that doesn't air Poker After Dark.

Repeaters

In addition to its main signals, WNYT operates three additional repeaters. Until the early-1990s, WNYT also maintained a translator in Kingston. It was first located on channel 63 but moved to channel 36 after the launch of WTZA in 1985.

Call letters Channel City of license Note
W21CP 21 Gloversville until 2006, it had the call letters W07AJ but changed after WXXA-DT began broadcasting on digital channel 7
W28DA 28 Pittsfield until 2006, it had the call letters W07AI and was also changed due to sign on of WXXA-DT
W38DL 38 Adams until 2005, it had the call letters W51AE and was changed due to the sign on of WNYA in Pittsfield

History

The station began broadcasting on February 17, 1954. It was licenced to Troy, was a CBS affiliate and had the call letters WTRI. The station broadcased on channel 35 and was co-owned with WTRY radio. WTRI's studios were located east of Troy near its transmitter on Bald Mountain. It left the air in January 1955 when it lost its network affiliation to the more powerful WROW-TV, now WTEN. No longer connected with WTRY radio, the station was sold to a company called Van Curler Broadcasting Corp. in 1959. WTRI returned to the air in August 1956 as an ABC affiliate. In 1958, it was re-licensed to Albany, moved to channel 13 and received new call letters WAST (for Albany - Schenectady - Troy). Originally, the station had wanted to take the "WTAS" calls (for Troy - Albany - Schenectady), but the similarity of the "TAS" letters to the news agency of the Soviet Union led to the use of WAST.

Shortly after the upgrade, The original owners moved the station's studios to a warehouse on the Albany - Menands line on North Pearl St. which previously housed Selective Service records. Although improvements to WAST's signal had been made, it was still significantly weaker than the other television stations due to a sizable short spacing to New York City's WNDT (now WNET). Also, the Bald Mountain transmitter location played a factor as well. The other stations in the market had their transmitters at a location in the Helderberg Mountains in New Scotland. In 1969, WAST was sold to Sonderling Broadcasting.

In 1977, WAST switched affiliations with WTEN and became the Capital District's CBS affiliate. During the next year, Viacom purchased Sonderling which made WAST the company's first television station holding (ironically, Viacom had started as the syndication arm of CBS). On September 21, 1981, WRGB swapped affiliations with WAST and WAST became the area's NBC affiliate. Seeking a fresh start and a new identity, Viacom decided to mark the affiliation change with the new calls of WNYT. With the new affiliation and call letters, Viacom expanded and modernized the studios, newsroom, offices (including the market's first modern computers). The company also made a significant investment in electronic equipment, including a satellite receiving news station. Investment in talent increased with the station with the building of its own talent and taking key talent from other stations in the market.

The station's affiliation and station changes also made WNYT one of a handful of channels to have affiliated with every major network (ABC, CBS and NBC). WNYT had overtaken WTEN for the runner-up spot by the late 1980s and in 1992 scored its first #1 late news victory. Gradually, the station overtook longtime leader WRGB in other timeslots. With the rebranding of the station's newscasts from "News 13" to "NewsChannel 13" in 1991, WNYT became the first station to use the "Live. Local. Late Breaking." tag line, a slogan which is now commonplace throughout the country.

In 1994, after Viacom bought Paramount Pictures, Paramount became the parent for all of Viacom's television stations, including WNYT. Shortly thereafter, Paramount decided to divest itself of all non-UPN affiliates, which led to a deal in 1996 where Paramount traded WNYT and WHEC-TV in Rochester, New York to Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation for UPN affiliate WTOG-TV in Tampa, Florida. In Viacom's last sweeps period owning WNYT, the station had its first solid book as the #1 station in the market, a position which the station has maintained in the decade Hubbard has owned the station. Two years after Hubbard bought WNYT, it won the distinction of being the first and, to date, the only station outside of New York City to win the regional Emmy award for best newscast in New York State.

WNYT signed on its digital signal in October 2003 on VHF channel 12. Unlike the station's analog signal, WNYT-DT's transmitter is located in the Helderberg Mountains with the market's other stations. WNYT-DT will move to Channel 13 after the switchover to digital television on February 17, 2009.

News operation

WNYT's analog transmitter and weather radar located on Bald Mountain outside of Troy.

In the mid-1990s, WNYT began an alliance with PBS affiliate WMHT. This led to WNYT producing several programs for WMHT including semi-regular "Town Hall" meetings, the weekly call-in show Health Link, and for two years the market's first 10 P.M. newscast on WMHT's then-secondary station, WMHQ. From 2001 until 2004, WNYT also maintained a joint sales agreement (JSA) with PAX affiliate WYPX that included rebroadcasts of newscasts and local non-news programming. In 2001, WNYT opened a news bureau covering Berkshire County, Massachusetts.

At that time, it was the first Western Massachusetts news bureau of a Capital District station. It is located on South Church Street in downtown Pittsfield. After forging an alliance with the Glens Falls Post-Star, the Saratoga / North Country Newsroom was opened in Saratoga Springs in early-2004. In December 2005, WNYT began broadcasting NBC Weather Plus on its second digital subchannel with a full launch coming two months later.

WNYT operates their own weather radar that is known as "NewsChannel 13 First Warning Doppler". It is located next to the station's analog signal on Bald Mountain. On March 24, 2008, WNYT replaced its weekday Noon newscast with an hour-long broadcast at 11 A.M. entitled Midday. Family Feud, which originally aired for a half-hour at that time, moved to the Noon timeslot.

Newscast titles

  • WTRI-TV News (1954-1958)
  • WAST News (1958-1966)
  • Eyewitness News (1966-1977)
  • 13 News (1977-1981)
  • TV-13 News (1981-1986)
    • during this period, the 6 P.M. newscast was known as The 30-Minute News, a move to signify its length vs. the then-hour long newscasts on WRGB and WTEN
  • News 13 (1986-September 1991)
  • NewsChannel 13 (September 1991-present)

Digital television

The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Digital channels
Virtual
Channel 		Physical
RF Channel 		Video Aspect Programming
13.1 12.1 1080i 16:9 main WNYT programming / NBC HD
13.2 12.2 480i 4:3 NBC Weather Plus

In 2009, WNYT will remain on its current pre-transition channel number, 12. [1] [2] However, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers will display WNYT's virtual channel as 13.

News team

File:Wnyt anchors 2008.png
WNYT's weeknight 6 and 11 o'clock anchors.
File:Wnyt weather.png
The station's chief meteorologist.

Anchors
(in alphabetical order)

Personality Position WNYT Since
Phil Bayly NewsChannel 13 Today 1986
Elaine Houston NewsChannel 13 Live at 5:30/Education Reporter 1990
Jim Kambrich NewsChannel 13 Live at 5, NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11/Reporter 1994
Lydia Kulbida NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11 2000
Jessica Layton News Channel 13 Weekend Today/General Assignment Reporter 2006
Kelly Lynch NewsChannel 13 Midday/Host of: Forum 13 1996, 1998
Kumi Tucker NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11 (weekends)/Reporter unknown
Benita Zahn NewsChannel 13 Live at 5, NewsChannel 13 Live at 5:30/Health Reporter 1979

NewsChannel 13 First Warning Weather Team
(in order of rank)

Personality Position WNYT Since
Bob Kovachick Chief Meteorologist, NewsChannel 13 Live at 5, NewsChannel 13 Live at 5:30, NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel 13 Live at 11 1988
Paul Caiano NewsChannel 13 Today 1993
Jason Gough NewsChannel 13 Midday/Fill-in meteorologist 2004
George Caldes NewsChannel 13 Weekend Today, News Channel 13 Live at 6, News Channel 13 Live at 11 (weekends) 2008

Sports
(in order of rank)

Personality Position WNYT Since
Rodger Wyland Sports Director, NewsChannel 13 at 6, NewsChannel 13 at 11 1986
Andrew Catalon NewsChannel 13 Live at 6, NewsChannel Live at 11 (weekends)/Host of: Big Board Sports 2003

Reporters
(in alphabetical order)

Personality Position WNYT Since
John Allen General Assignment Reporter/Fill-in anchor 1996
Abigail Bleck General Assignment Reporter 2004
Jay Bobbin Entertainment Critic 1993
John Craig General Assignment Reporter 2008
Subrina Dhammi General Assignment Reporter/Political Reporter 2005
Bill Lambdin General Assignment Reporter 1980
Matt McFarland General Assignment Reporter 2006
Mark Mulholland Saratoga/North Country Bureau Chief 1993
Beth Wurtmann General Assignment Reporter 2008

Past personnel

  • Howie Altschule (Fill-in, then noon, meteorologist from 1997-2004, now a notable forensic meteorologist)
  • Gary Apple (Sports reporter in the mid-1980s, now at SportsNet New York)
  • Dan Bazile (Political reporter and weekend morning anchor from 2004 to 2007; left in 2007 to become a spokesman for NY State Assemblyman James Tedisco)
  • Chris Brunner (Longtime reporter and later assistant News Director, left in 2002 to become News Director at Capital News 9. Retired from Capital News 9 in May 2007.)
  • Lindsay Cohen (News reporter and fill-in anchor from 2002-2005, now at WPEC in West Palm Beach, FL
  • Lee Copson (Weekend Meteorologist from 2000 to 2006. He said on his last newscast that he was leaving the business to pursue a career in financial services)
  • Nancy Cozean (First lead female weekday anchor in the Albany market, left in 1985 to co-anchor the evening newscast at upstart WTZA in Kingston, NY. Now the mayor of the City of Poughkeepsie)
  • Ed Dague (Lead anchor and managing editor from 1984 to 2003; his arrival at the station is seen as the reversal of WNYT's fortunes. Now the caretaker of the In Media Res blog at the Albany Times-Union website)
  • Tim Drawbridge (Former weekend meteorologist from 2007-2008. He left WNYT in May 2008 to become the Public Relations Manager & Spokesperson for The Great Escape)
  • Josh Einiger (Original chief of the Berkshire Newsroom, now a general assignment reporter at WFTV in Orlando, Florida)
  • John Gray (Left for WXXA at the end of 2003 after being passed up as Ed Dague's replacement, most notably anchored the 5:00/5:30 newscasts)
  • Todd Gross (Chief meteorologist from 1980 to 1983)
  • Wilson Hall (The longtime NBC news reporter joined the station as the main news anchor in the late 1970s. Hall died in 1991.)
  • Brandon Hertell (Fill-in meteorologist, morning meteorologist at WXXA-TV since September 2006)
  • Chris Kapostasy (Now better known as Chris Jansing of MSNBC, started at then-WAST as a reporter in 1981 and was weeknight co-anchor from 1987 until her 1998 departure
  • Lars Lifrak (Weekend sports anchor from the late 1990s-2004, now a reporter at Soccer365.com)
  • Bob McNamara (Sports director from 1981-2001, the first talent WNYT acquired from another station (WRGB) and the only person to have on-air roles at all 3 of Albany's VHF's)
  • Joe Moskowitz (Reporter and Weekend evening anchor in early-mid 1980s.)
  • Scott Murray (Sports anchor, late 1970s-1980; retired, previously at KXAS-TV in Dallas)
  • Miles O'Brien (Now of CNN, his first job as an anchor was weekends at WNYT for a time in the mid-1980s)
  • Carl Osborne (late 50's? - mid 70's; was chief announcer for then WAST durning it's early years. (Deceased)
  • Randy Salerno (Weekend anchor from 1988-93; killed in snowmobile accident in 2008)
  • Steve Scoville (Reporter and later contributor of "Capital Region Backroads", a longtime segment at the end of Wednesday and Friday night newscasts, 1982-2006)
  • Norm Sebastian (Former weekend, then weekday morning/noon meteorolgist until his death in December 2000)
  • Herb Stevens (Chief Meteorologist prior to Bob Kovachick's arrival, Stevens is known as the Skiing Weatherman of syndicated weekly ski forecast fame)
  • Don Weeks (Weatherman during the late 1960s under the name of "Wally Weather", now a morning show host at WGY, a post he has held since 1980)
  • John Wolf (Weatherman during the later WAST years)
  • Julie Wilcox (staff reporter and occasional weekend anchor. Now weekend morning meteorologist at WVEC Hampton Roads, VA)

References

  1. ^ http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf
  2. ^ CDBS Print

External links

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