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{{short description|Singaporean daily broadsheet newspaper}}
[[Image:Stpaper.jpg|thumb|The Straits Times front page]]
{{about|the newspaper|the stock index|Straits Times Index}}
{{Use Singapore English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = The Straits Times
| logo = The Straits Times Logo.svg
| image = The Straits Times (December 13, 2019).jpg
| caption = ''The Straits Times'' front page<br />on 13 December 2019
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]<br/>[[Online newspaper|Online]]
| foundation = {{launch date and age|1845|07|15|df=yes}} (as ''The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce'')<br />({{age in days|1845|7|15}} issues)
| owners = [[SPH Media]]
| headquarters = 1000 [[Toa Payoh]] North, News Centre, [[Singapore]], 318994
| editor = Jaime Ho<ref>{{cite news|title=About The Straits Times Leadership|newspaper=The Straits Times |date=7 November 2022 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/about-the-straits-times-leadership}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://www.straitstimes.com}}
| circulation = 995,991 <small>({{asof|August 2018}})</small><ref name="sphaboutbroadsheet">{{cite web | url=https://sph.com.sg/our-businesses/media/newspapers/the-straits-times-the-sunday-times/ | title=The Straits Times / The Sunday Times (Singapore Press Holdings website) | publisher=Singapore Press Holdings | access-date=25 November 2019 | archive-date=3 May 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503085115/https://sph.com.sg/our-businesses/media/newspapers/the-straits-times-the-sunday-times/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| oclc = 8572659<!--Among others, including 16929344.-->
| ISSN =
| publishing_country = [[Singapore]]
| language = [[Singapore English|English]]
}}
'''''The Straits Times''''' (also known informally by its [[abbreviation]] '''''ST''''') is a Singaporean daily [[Singapore English|English-language]] newspaper owned by the [[SPH Media Trust]].<ref name="sphaboutbroadsheet" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes18460501.2.13.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130717084049/http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article/straitstimes18460501.2.13.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2013 |title=Newspaper Article - Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce |publisher=Newspapers.nl.sg |access-date=28 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lccn.loc.gov/2007225091|title=The Straits times and Singapore journal of commerce.|website=Library of Congress|access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref> Established on 15 July 1845, it is the most-widely circulated newspaper in the country and has a significant regional audience.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Correspondent |first=Chantal SajanSenior |date=2023-07-15 |title=The Straits Times marks 178 years as region's oldest newspaper |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/life/home-design/the-straits-times-marks-178-years-as-region-s-oldest-newspaper |access-date=2023-12-13 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref><ref name=Sterling>{{cite book|last=Christopher|first=H. Sterling|author-link=Christopher H. Sterling | title=Encyclopedia of Journalism | page=108 | chapter=A–C| volume=1 | date=2009 | isbn=978-0761929574 | publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]]}}</ref> The newspaper is published in the [[broadsheet]] format and online, the latter of which was launched in 1994. It is regarded as the [[newspaper of record]] for [[Singapore]].


Print and digital editions of ''The Straits Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'' had a daily average circulation of 364,134 and 364,849 respectively in 2017, as audited by Audit Bureau of Circulations Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://abcsingapore.org/reports.html |title=Audit Bureau of Circulations Singapore |website=abcsingapore.org |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130806022055/http://abcsingapore.org/reports.html |archive-date=6 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2014, country-specific editions were published for residents in Brunei and Myanmar, with newsprint circulations of 2,500 and 5,000 respectively.<ref name=myanmar>{{cite press release |url= http://www.sph.com.sg/media_releases/2040 |title=The Straits Times launches Myanmar edition |publisher= Singapore Press Holdings |date=24 March 2014 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160630052327/http://www.sph.com.sg/media_releases/2040 |archive-date=30 June 2016}}</ref><ref name=brunei>{{cite press release |url= http://www.sph.com.sg/media_releases/2266 |title=The Straits Times launches Brunei edition |publisher= Singapore Press Holdings |date=24 March 2014 |access-date=2 June 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160630045615/http://www.sph.com.sg/media_releases/2266 |archive-date=30 June 2016}}</ref>
'''''The Straits Times''''' is an [[English language|English-language]] [[broadsheet]] [[newspaper]] based in [[Singapore]] and owned by the [[Singapore Press Holdings]] (SPH), first published on [[July 15]], [[1845]]. It is the oldest newspaper of any kind in Singapore and is the dominant English-language paper of the country, with a [[Newspaper circulation|circulation]] of around 400,000 daily. In fact, it is the only broadsheet English-language newspaper in the country with a general news coverage. The other English-language broadsheet is the [[Business Times]], which focuses mainly on business news.


==History==
Currently, the newspaper publishes three weekly pull-outs ("Digital Life," "Mind Your Body," and "Urban," on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, respectively). All three pull-outs are published in [[tabloid]] format.
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| header =
| image1 = ST5June1858.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = ''The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce'' on 5 June 1858.
| image2 = 19071212-ST-p7-NewMethEpiscopalCh-layingcornerstone.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Page 7 in ''The Straits Times'' on 12 December 1907 entitled "Stone-Laying Ceremony: New Methodist Episcopal Church for Singapore", about the construction of [[Wesley Methodist Church, Singapore|Wesley Methodist Church]] at [[Fort Canning Hill]].
| image3 = ST28February1935.jpg
| alt3 =
| caption3 = Page 11 in ''The Straits Times'' on 28 February 1935. The "Plans for a new Supreme Court" report would lead to the construction of the contemporary [[Old Supreme Court Building, Singapore|Old Supreme Court Building]], completed on 3 August 1939. The building was used in its official capacity until 20 June 2005, by which it was converted to a national museum named the [[National Gallery Singapore]].
}}
===Early years===
The original conception for ''The Straits Times'' has been debated by historians of Singapore. Prior to 1845, the only English-language newspaper in Singapore was [[Singapore Free Press|''The'' ''Singapore Free Press'']], founded by [[William Napier (lawyer)|William Napier]] in 1835.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Robert Carr Woods, Sr {{!}} Infopedia |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1854_2011-11-05.html |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> Marterus Thaddeus Apcar, an Armenian merchant, had intended to start a paper, hired an editor, and purchased printing equipment from England. However the would-be editor died abruptly, prior to the arrival of the printing equipment, and Apcar went bankrupt. Fellow Armenian and friend, Catchick Moses, then bought the printing equipment from Apcar and launched ''The Straits Times'' with [[Robert Carr Woods|Robert Carr Woods, Sr.]], an English journalist from Bombay as editor. The paper was founded as '''''The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce''''' on 15 July 1845.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amassia.com.au/moses.htm |title=The History of Armenians in Singapore and Malaysia |publisher=Amassia.com.au |access-date=28 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226203314/http://amassia.com.au/moses.htm |archive-date=26 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Straits Times {{!}} Infopedia |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_2016-02-29_133820.html |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg}}</ref>


''The Straits Times'' was launched as an eight-page weekly, published at 7 Commercial Square using a hand-operated press. The subscription fee then was Sp.$1.75 per month. As editor, Woods sought to distinguish ''The Straits Times'' from ''The Singapore Free Press'' by including humour, short stories, and foreign news, and by making use of regular steamship services carrying mail that launched shortly before ''The Straits Times'' was launched.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=Constance Mary |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33925517 |title=Dateline Singapore : 150 years of the Straits times |date=1995 |publisher=Singapore Press Holdings |isbn=981-204-615-1 |location=Singapore |oclc=33925517}}</ref> Historian [[Mary Turnbull]] disputes this account of ''The Straits Times''<nowiki/>' founding, saying that it was unlikely an Armenian merchant would have wanted to found an English-language newspaper, particularly given the presence of the more established ''Singapore Free Press''. In September 1846, the paper was given to Woods outright because the press proved unprofitable to run and Moses was unable to sell it. The paper struggled with a lack of subscribers and newsworthy items to coverage. Woods covered the financial deficit by using the printing press for other projects, including the first directory of Singapore, ''The Straits Times Almanack, Calendar and Directory'', published in 1846.<ref name=":1" />
''The Straits Times'' is the only English-language newspaper with an active [[Internet forum]] in Singapore. A separate edition, ''The Sunday Times'', is published on Sundays. The [[newsstand]] price of ''The Straits Times'' is [[Singapore dollar|S$]]0.80.


The first major political stance taken by ''The Straits Times'' was against [[James Brooke]], the Rajah of Sarawak. Woods personally resented Brooke and changed that Brooke's actions against [[Dayak people|Dayak]] "pirates" was a massacre of peaceful, civilian merchants. The rival ''Singapore Free Press'' came to Brooke's defence and the ensuing controversy boosted the circulation of both papers. Woods petitioned the British government for an inquest of Brooke's actions in 1851, with a commission convened in 1854.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Buckley |first=Charles Burton |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11519818 |title=An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore : from the foundation of the settlement under the honourable the East India Company on February 6th, 1819 to the transfer to the Colonial Office as part of the colonial possessions of the Crown on April 1st, 1867 |date=1984 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-582602-7 |location=Singapore |oclc=11519818}}</ref> Brookes was exonerated, but the popularity of the episode made ''The Straits Times'' a success, and it became a daily newspaper in 1858.
==About the paper==
'''The Straits Times''' functions with 11 bureaus and special correspondents in major cities worldwide. The paper itself is published in three main sections: the main focuses on Asian and international news, with subsections of columns and editorials. The "Home" section focuses on local news, together with the forum, [[sports]] and [[finance]] pages. A separate lifestyle, [[entertainment]] and [[the arts]] section is titled ''Life!''. It is a member of the [[Asia News Network]].


Woods continued as editor of the paper until he sold it in 1860. John Cameron served as editor from 1861 to 1869, during which the paper nearly went out of business due to hugely destructive fire. The paper's assets were sold at public auction for $40 and Cameron went bankrupt, although he managed to revive the newspaper. Six years after Cameron's death in 1881, his widow appointed Arnot Reid, a young Scottish journalist, as editor, who then held the post for 12 years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=C. M. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/489265927 |title=A history of modern Singapore, 1819-2005 |date=2009 |publisher=NUS Press |isbn=978-9971-69-343-5 |location=Singapore |oclc=489265927}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Kheng |first=Cheah Boon |date=1996 |title=Review of Dateline Singapore: 150 Years of the Straits Times |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493312 |journal=Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=69 |issue=2 (271) |pages=116–119 |jstor=41493312 |issn=0126-7353}}</ref>
==Criticism==
''The Straits Times'' is widely viewed a [[propaganda]] mouthpiece of the Singaporean government, and its articles on politics are seen by critics as being biased towards the [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] ideology of the ruling [[People's Action Party]]. Opposition figures are also given little or no press coverage, in terms of interviews or statements. One local political satire website has even gone so far as to jokingly label the newspaper as the "State's Times" [http://www.talkingcock.com/html/index.php].


''The Straits Times'' became a major reporter of political and economic events of note in [[British Malaya]], including shipping news, civil and political unrest in Siam and Burma, official reports, and including high society news items such as tea parties held at [[Government House, Singapore|Government House]] and visits from dignitaries such as the [[Sultan of Johor]]. Colonial officials, such as [[Frank Swettenham]], wrote articles, sometimes in their own names. The paper later published Swettenham's writings on the history of [[Perak]] and his involvement in the British Residential system in 1893.<ref name=":3" />
The paper's links to the government are dictated by and enshrined in law. ''The Newspaper and Printing Presses Act of 1974'' requires all newspapers to be publicly listed into both ordinary and management shares, with management shares having 200 times the voting rights of ordinary shares and approval from the [[Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts]] needed for any management share transfers. Hence, past chairpersons of Singapore Press Holdings have all been civil servants, with notably strong links to Singapore's secret police, the [[Internal Security Department]]. In particular, SPH's current executive president [[Tjong Yik Min]] served as the head of the ISD from 1986 to 1993, and prominent political columnist Chua Lee Hoong and as well as editors Irene Ho and Susan Sim are all former ISD employees. <ref>[http://www.sfdonline.org/Link%20Pages/Link%20Folders/01Pf/aus210601.html Climate control in the Singapore Press], by Eric Ellis. [[The Australian]], June 21, 2001</ref>


Following Reid's retirement, Alexander W. Still took over as editor, a post he held for 18 years. During Still's leadership as editor, ''The Straits Times'' built a reputation for bold reporting and fearless commentary. It was known as the "Thunderer of the East", a reference to the original Thunderer, [[The Times|''The Times of London'']], and was a critic of the British colonial administration, though much milder in its criticism of the government compared to its critique of unethical businesses. Under Still's leadership, circulation (from 3,600 in 1910 to 4,100 in 1920) and ad revenues increased. Still's outspokenness as editor resulted in a number of libel suits against the paper, which were either lost or settled privately out of court. He believed that the paper had an obligation to investigate and expose corruption both in government and in business. <blockquote>For our own part, we cherish the liberty of the press simply for its value to the community as a whole. Nothing fills us with greater contempt than the type of journalism, unfortunately somewhat on the increase in Great Britain, which pries into private affairs, gloats over domestic scandals, and tickles the palates of the people with snappy tidbits of personality. We do not want liberty of the press extended in a form that would enable this kind of journalism to pander without fear of penalties. But in the modern constitution of society, the press has great functions to perform. It is the chief safeguard against corruption . . . our business is to do what we deem right and necessary in the public interest, and no law court can be the keeper of our conscience . . . Malaya has some reason to be proud of its press. It is honest, clean, and public-spirited. It may be wrong-headed occasionally - we may ourselves be the chief of sinners in that respect - but it puts no man or woman to the blush, and its aims are generally wholesome.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/824552213 |title=New Culture in a New World : the May Fourth Movement and the Chinese Diaspora in Singapore, 1919-1932. |date=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |others=David Kenley |isbn=978-1-135-94564-0 |oclc=824552213}}</ref></blockquote>Still attacked the actions of governor [[Laurence Guillemard]] on the grounds of a free press, such as back-room discussions of a proposed constitutional change that colonial administrators urged reporters to delay covering until the proposals were announced. In an editorial, Still replied, "That is mere pompous nonsense when addressed to a free people and a free press."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/154714418 |title=Paths not taken : political pluralism in post-war Singapore |date=2008 |publisher=NUS Press |others=Michael D. Barr, Carl A. Trocki |isbn=978-9971-69-378-7 |location=Singapore |pages=267–300 |oclc=154714418}}</ref>
Cherian George, a journalist and art editor of the paper, has given an insightful description of press workings in Singapore. He stated in a convention conference in 1998 at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] that "the PAP power is hegemonic power, in the Gramscian sense: it is a perfect blend of coercion and consent", concluding that "Singapore's newspapers are, at least in part, willing partners, of the state....the PAP did not suppress the press in order to cover up corruption or hide its mistakes. It did so out of a sincere belief that the press as an institution had a narrow and short-term view of the public interest, and that it could obstruct good government. Singapore's press model thus reverses the equation of your First Amendment. Here, the press, seen as the pure expression of democracy, is protected from the government, which, despite having been elected democratically, is assumed automatically by your political culture to have undemocratic tendencies. In the Singapore model, the elected government is the expression of democracy, and it is protected from the press, which is unelected and therefore undemocratic....


The ''Singapore Free Press'', which had folded in 1869, was revived by W.G. St. Clair, who edited it until 1916. The rival newspapers spurred readership among the growing English-reading community, with ''The Singapore Free Press'' published in the morning and ''The Straits Times'' released in the afternoon.<ref name=":2" /> Still retired from ''The Straits Times'' in 1926 and the paper cycled through four editors in the span of two years before George Seabridge became editor in 1928. He held the position for the next 18 years and oversaw huge growth in circulation: from 5,000 to 25,000 subscribers.
"the 'freedom from the press' model does mean that newspapers must operate within much narrower perimeters than their counterparts in most parts of the world. It must accept its subordinate role in society...The tone of stories must be respectful towards the country's leaders. They can be critical, but they cannot ridicule or lampoon." [http://www.singapore-window.org/80402cg.htm]


''The Straits Times'' focused predominantly on British and British-related events while ignoring the politics and socio-economic issues of concern to other groups, including the Malay, Chinese, and Indian populations in and around Singapore. Coverage of events related to non-British was typically restricted to court cases or sensationalized crimes, such as the [[Tok Janggut]]'s rebellion in [[Kelantan]] in 1915. Under Still's editorship, the paper called for better working conditions for Malay, Chinese, and Indian labourers, but on the grounds that it would improve their efficiency and productivity. Still also considered the Asian population of Singapore "untrustworthy" and suggested they should not hold positions of power or serve in the military.<ref name=":4" /> Asian reporters at ''The Straits Times'' experienced discrimination in the workplace and while on assignment. Peter Benson Maxwell, an Indian reporter, arranged an interview with the governor [[Cecil Clementi]] via Clementi's secretary, but was quickly removed from the premises of the Government House when he arrived in person.<ref name=":3" />
[[Reporters Without Borders]] (RSF) has ranked Singapore 147th out of 166 countries in its second annual [[World Press Freedom Ranking]] in 2004. In 2005 Singapore's rating improved somewhat when it was ranked 140th by the same organization. [[Lee Boon Yang]], the Singapore Minister of Communication, Information and the Arts publicly protested against the basis on which Singapore was given the ranking. Instead, he asserted that the local press was running on a "different media model" from many of the countries gauged in the RSF rankings that has "evolved out of our (Singapore's) special circumstances" and was being "non-adversarial" towards the government. [http://www.singaporedemocrat.org/articlersf.html] [[George Yeo]], when he held the same portfolio as Lee, also stressed that the media was not to be a "fourth estate" in ruling the country (presumably because the media lacks the mandate from the electors); instead, the role of the press was to aid "nation building", in view of Singapore's heterogeneous society and peculiar vulnerabilities as a small nation.


The paper was originally owned by the individual founders before becoming a private company, as it remained until 1950. Its single largest shareholder was the procurer of the [[Paris Foreign Missions Society]], the Reverend N.J. Couvreur, who also served as the chairman of the company's board of the directors from 1910 to 1920.
The Straits Times' circulation has been banned by the [[Malaysia]]n government at one point during an international dispute over the sale of water. (Conversely, the rival Malaysian newspaper ''[[New Straits Times]]'' is banned in [[Singapore]]).


=== Prewar period ===
==Straits Times Interactive==
In the 1920s and 1930s, ''The Straits Times'' began to face competition from other papers, specifically the ''Malaya Tribune'', which promised "frank discussion of Malayan affairs" and "weekly articles by special and well-informed writers, Chinese, Indians, and Muslims".<ref name=":4" /> The ''Tribune'', founded in 1914, lagged behind ''The Straits Times'' in sales and readership, and launched an advertising campaign to increase circulation and move the paper away from its image as the "clerk's paper". It also hired talented journalists, including Leslie Hoffman and T.S. Khoo, who became the editor-in-chief and deputy editor-in-chief, respectively, of ''The Straits Times'' after World War II. The efforts of the ''Malaya Tribune'' were successful when, in 1932, its circulation exceeded that of ''The Straits Times''. In response to the competition, Seabridge improved the company by building a new office, replacing and updating old printing equipment, hiring local journalists, and beginning delivery upcountry.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Eaman |first=Ross Allan |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1200832987 |title=Historical dictionary of journalism |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-5381-2504-5 |edition=2nd |location=Lanham |pages=359 |oclc=1200832987}}</ref> He also made significant changes to the paper: he expanded coverage of events in Singapore and Malaya; created a Sunday paper; cut the price of the paper to match that of the ''Malaya Tribune''; and incorporated pictures, comics, and other eye-catching elements to make the paper more attractive. Particularly with the reduction of cost, the number of subscribers dramatically increased. In 1938, the paper began delivery by air to Kuala Lumpur, where they were taken from the city to rural areas by vans.{{Citation needed|date=September 2023}}
Launched in 1999, the Straits Times Interactive was free of charge and granted access to all the sections and articles found in the print edition. On the [[15 March]] [[2005]], the on-line version began requiring registration and after a short period became a paid access only site. Currently only people who pay to subscribe to the on-line edition can read the articles online.


Part of Seabridge's attempts to expand circulation was to include "women's columns", particularly by incorporating the voices of the wives of wealthy British planters.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Datta |first=Arunima |date=2017 |title=Negotiating Gendered Spaces in Colonial Press: Wives of European planters in British Malaya |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/678796 |journal=Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History |volume=18 |issue=3 |doi=10.1353/cch.2017.0041 |s2cid=158208191 |issn=1532-5768}}</ref>
Subscribers to the print edition need only pay half the rate to gain access to the on-line edition.


By 1933, the renewed ''Free Press'' was unable to maintain the competition with ''The Straits Times'' and the paper was bought by Seabridge, though it remained more closely affiliated with merchants and lawyers.<ref name=":7" />
The Straits Times' decision to make its on-line edition pay-only is unprecedented in view of other traditional newspapers' on-line editions.


===Japanese occupation===
==== Lead-up to occupation ====
[[File:ST15February1942.jpg|thumb|200px|''The Sunday Times'' edition on 15 February 1942. Lieutenant-General [[Arthur Percival]] surrendered on behalf of the Commonwealth forces later that day, leading to the largest surrender of British forces in history.]]
In July 1941, Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] appointed [[Duff Cooper]], a former [[Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)|Minister of Information]], to investigate how to coordinate defence policy planning in Asia against the threat of Japanese invasion. Cooper arrived in Singapore in September 1941 and reported that the various civil, governmental, and military elements did not communicate or coordinate well. Seabridge, as chief editor, was highly critical of the lack of planning and efficiency of government officials.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Colin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvPjNAMacDsC |title=Singapore Burning: Heroism and Surrender in World War II |date=4 May 2006 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-0-14-190662-1 |language=en}}</ref> Seabridge and F. D. Bisseker, the chairman of the Eastern Smelting Company, strongly urged Cooper to build up the civil defense; Seabridge also back Cooper's proposal to institute martial law.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shennan |first=Margaret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iYXCwAAQBAJ |title=Out in the Midday Sun: The British in Malaya 1880-1960 |date=1 November 2015 |publisher=Monsoon Books |isbn=978-981-4625-32-6 |language=en}}</ref> Japanese attacks in the northern Malay states began on 8 December 1941, the day after the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. Five days later, the commander ordered the evacuation of all European women and children and all military personnel from the island of [[Penang Island|Penang]]. Similar evacuations of only Europeans were ordered throughout the month of December, seriously undermining the morale of the much larger Asian population of Singapore and the surrounding British areas. However, Governor [[Shenton Thomas]] insisted that the British community of Singapore not flee in the face of the Japanese, that no racial discrimination was to take place in the evacuation of civilians, and that British civil officers stay behind to "look after their Asian charges".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Farrell |first1=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vQWJAAAAQBAJ |title=A Great Betrayal: The Fall of Singapore Revisited |last2=Hunter |first2=Sandy |date=15 December 2009 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd |isbn=978-981-4435-46-8 |pages=110–114 |language=en}}</ref> The government also obstructed information of the severity of the situation on the frontlines. On 5 January 1941, ''The Straits Times'' published the following lead article summarizing the situation.<blockquote>Malaya has now been in the front line for a month. The Northern Settlement is in enemy hands, and fighting is taking place within 200 miles of Singapore. This island has been bombed on several occasions with 'slight damage to civilian property' and 'a few civilian casualties'. That is a reasonably accurate summary of all the people of this country have been told of the fighting that is going around them. Vague 'lines' have been mentioned and there have been sundry 'strategic withdrawals'. Such generalities provide a very flimsy basis indeed for detailed comment – so flimsy that we do not propose to attempt a task which is very nearly impossible of achievement … The view we propose to put forward here is the view of the middle-class Asiatic who has been asked to help in maintaining morale but finds himself quite unable to do so . . . If the newspapers and the newspaper reading public are to be any help in combatting rumour, they must be supplied with the only things which are of the slightest value in carrying out the task. And those things are facts.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=McCrum |first=Ronald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rh1qDwAAQBAJ |title=Men Who Lost Singapore, 1938-1942 |date=2018-04-27 |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4722-42-1 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>


==== Occupation====
On 20 February 1942, five days after the [[Fall of Singapore]], ''The Straits Times'' was renamed by [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] and became known as ''The Shonan Times'', Shonan {{Nihongo|2=昭南}} being the Japanese name for Singapore. The first issue of ''The Shonan Times'' published a declaration by [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]], announcing that the aim of the Japanese was to establish the [[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere]] in order to achieve a "Great Spirit of Cosmocrasy" and "sweep away the arrogant and unrighteous British elements".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sengupta |first=Nilanjana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVe2DAAAQBAJ |title=Singapore, My Country: Biography Of M Bala Subramanion |date=29 June 2016 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-314-131-5 |pages=62–63 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kratoska |first=Paul H. |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1041772670 |title=The Japanese occupation of Malaya and Singapore, 1941-45: a social and economic history |date=2018 |isbn=978-981-325-027-7 |edition=2nd |location=Singapore |pages=46 |oclc=1041772670}}</ref>


The children's newspaper, outlined in the third goal, was published as ''Sakura'' and included as a free supplement in the 10 June 1942 edition of the ''Syonan Shimbun'', though it was later sold separately for one [[Japanese sen|''sen'']]. In addition to the ''Sakura'' children's newspaper, the ''Syonan Shimbun'', in all its iterations, was used by the Japanese government as a way of attempting to create pro-Japanese youth leaders among the multiethnic, multilingual children of Singapore.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liao |first=Edgar Bolun |date=31 December 2021 |title=Creating and Mobilizing "Syonan" Youth: Youth and the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, 1942-1945 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/archipel/2620 |journal=Archipel. Études interdisciplinaires sur le monde insulindien |issue=102 |pages=65–97 |doi=10.4000/archipel.2620 |issn=0044-8613|doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Community programmes==
===The Straits Times Pocket Money Fund===
[[Image:Stpocket.gif|thumb|116px|The ST Pocket Money Fund]]The Straits Times Pocket Money Fund is a community fund set up by The Straits Times to ensure that less well-off pupils are adequately well-fed in schools. They are given either $30 (for Primary School) or $50 (for Secondary School) every month, to ensure that they have enough pocket money for their recess.


The paper was later published as ''The Syonan Times'', ''The Syonan Sinbun'', and ''The Syonan Shimbun''.<ref name=":5" /><ref name="NewspaperSG">{{cite web |title=The Syonan Shimbun |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/BrowseNewspaper?nid=syonantimes&tvw=DG |website=eresources.nlb.gov.sg |publisher=NewspaperSG |access-date=12 March 2021 |location=Singapore |language=en-SG |quote=Title varies: 20 Feb 1942 as Shonan Times; 21 Feb - 7 Dec 1942 as Syonan Times; 8 Dec 1942 - 7 Dec 1943 as Syonan Sinbun.}}</ref> The changes in the spelling arose from squabbles between adherents of different [[romanization]] systems, namely [[Hepburn romanization]] and a standard devised by the Japanese military government (i.e. General Tojo was written as Tozyo).<ref>{{Cite book |last=De Mendelssohn |first=Peter |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1290099204 |title=Japan's political warfare |date=1944 |isbn=9781136917240 |location=London |oclc=1290099204}}</ref> On 8 December 1942, the anniversary of the initial Japanese invasion, the paper was published as the ''Syonan Sinbun'', the English-language edition of a Japanese newspaper.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kratoska |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=moBPEAAAQBAJ |title=South East Asia Colonial History V4 |date=16 December 2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-56050-3 |pages=385 |language=en}}</ref> It finally became the ''Syonan Shimbun'' on 8 December 1943.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kratoska |first=Paul H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0QVpYVpBHTsC |title=The Japanese Occupation of Malaya: A Social and Economic History |date=1 January 1997 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-1889-0 |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> The paper was reverted back to ''The Straits Times'' on 5 September 1945 as Singapore returned to British colonial rule and subsequently until today.
===The Straits Times Media Club===

[[Image:Mc-logo-285blue-60percentbl.jpg|thumb|116px|The ST Media Club]]
During this period, the paper was thoroughly pro-Japanese and would often report on [[Pacific War|Japan's war efforts in the Pacific]].<ref name="Giese">Giese, O., 1994, Shooting the War, Annapolis: United States Naval Institute, {{ISBN|1557503079}}</ref>{{rp|240}} The newspaper was run by members of the Japanese military propaganda division and included prominent writers such as [[Masuji Ibuse]].
The Straits Times Media Club is a youth programme to encourage Youth readership and interest in News and Current Affairs. Schools will have to subscribe for at least 500 copies, and will receive their papers every Monday. A Youth Newspaper, IN, is slotted in together with the main paper for the students.

Seabridge and his wife fled Singapore on 11 February 1942 and went to [[Jakarta|Batavia (present-day Jakarta)]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Kaushik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DuAzDwAAQBAJ |title=Sepoys against the Rising Sun: The Indian Army in Far East and South-East Asia, 1941–45 |date=15 February 2016 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-30678-3 |pages=146 |language=en}}</ref> From Batavia, Seabridge filed a secret report for the War Cabinet in London in April 1942 on the failure of both military and civilian governments to hold and maintain Singapore's defences.<blockquote>Singapore itself was in a state of almost complete chaos from the end of December. Civil Servants who had evacuated from the Malay States sought to set up temporary departments in Singapore for no other apparent reason than the preservation of their jobs. Even the FMS Income Tax Department set itself up in Singapore after the last Federated State had fallen into Japanese hands. The Civil administration cracked badly and broke completely at some points. There was little co-operation with the Services, and many indications of jealousy and fear that outsiders might poach on the preserves of the Civil Servant … The extent to which obstructionists flourished was staggering.<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>

==== As a war propaganda instrument ====
{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width = 200
| header =
| image1 = ST20February1942.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = The first issue of ''The Shonan Times'' on 20 February 1942, five days after the [[Fall of Singapore]].
| image2 = ST3February1943.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = The newspaper as ''The Syonan Sinbun'' on 3 February 1943. The ongoing [[Pacific War]] dominates the news.
| image3 = ST3April1944.jpg
| alt3 =
| caption3 = The newspaper as ''The Syonan Shimbun'' on 3 April 1944, two flags of Japan are prominently displayed due to the anniversary of the death of [[Emperor Jimmu]].
}}

In June 1942, the [[Japanese propaganda during World War II|Military Propaganda Squad]] {{Nihongo|2=軍宣伝班}} launched a campaign, Nippon-Go Popularising Week, to promote the Japanese language among Singaporeans, using the ''Syonan Shimbun''. The Propaganda Squad drafted some 150 members of the Japanese [[Intellectual|literati]] and assigned them to Singapore (Syonan) under the 25th Army Military Administration. These included notable authors such as the novelist [[Masuji Ibuse]], poet Jimbo Kōtaro, and literary critic Nakajima Kenzo. A document dated 17 May 1942 outlined the four main objectives of Nippon-Go Popularising Week.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kurohi |first=Rei |date=17 April 2018 |title=Identity and Ideology in Sakura Katakana Shimbun |url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:27059/ |journal=ScholarBank@NUS Repository |language=en-US}}</ref>

# To promote the study of Japanese during and after Nippon-Go Popularising Week, introduce the Japanese state of affairs in a series of articles, and strengthen the command of conventional Japanese language in the local papers.
# To entreat all Japanese soldiers involved in the constructive war effort to cooperate in teaching correct Japanese to natives.
# To publish a weekly children's katakana newspaper.
# To publish a guidebook on the proper pronunciation of Japanese syllables.

The children's newspaper, outlined in the third goal, was published as ''Sakura'' and included as a free supplement in the 10 June 1942 edition of the ''Syonan Shimbun'', though it was later sold separately for one ''sen''.

===Post-war===
{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width = 200
| header =
| image1 = ST12December1950.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = The newspaper on 12 December 1950, reporting the [[Maria Hertogh riots]].
| image2 = ST21August1955.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = ''The Sunday Times'' edition on 21 August 1955, announcing the opening of [[Paya Lebar Airport]] and subsequently the closure of [[Kallang Airport]].
| image3 = ST27May1961.jpg
| alt3 =
| caption3 = The newspaper on 27 May 1961, two days after the [[Bukit Ho Swee fire]]. The government's response would lead the way to the development of public housing throughout the country in decades to come.
}}
On 11 March 1950, ''The Straits Times'' became a [[public limited company]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kheng |first=Cheah Boon |date=1996 |title=Review of Dateline Singapore: 150 Years of the Straits Times |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493312 |journal=Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=69 |issue=2 (271) |pages=116–119 |jstor=41493312 |issn=0126-7353}}</ref>

In 1956, ''The Straits Times'' established a Malayan (now Malaysian) edition, the ''[[New Straits Times]]'', based in Kuala Lumpur. Since the separation of the two countries, these newspapers are now unaffiliated with each other. During the early days of [[Self-governance of Singapore|Singaporean self-governance]] (before 1965), the paper, who had a pro-colonial stance, had an uneasy relationship with some politicians. This included the leaders of the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP), who desired self-governance for Singapore.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87|title=PAP and English Press|date=30 April 1959|work=The Straits Times|access-date=19 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819020258/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87|archive-date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62|title=Press Freedom|date=19 May 1959|work=The Straits Times|access-date=19 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819164945/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62|archive-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

Editors were warned by British colonial officials that any reportage that may threaten the merger between Singapore and the Malayan Federation may result in subversion charges, and that they may be detained without trial under the [[Internal Security Act (Singapore)|Preservation of Public Security Ordinance Act]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13|title=IPI to Discuss PAP Threat Against The Straits Times|date=22 May 1959|work=The Straits Times|access-date=19 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820000358/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13|archive-date=20 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113|title='Ugly threats' are also a menace to already dwindling liberties|date=28 May 1959|access-date=19 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819235302/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113|archive-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

During the [[Malayan Emergency]], ''The Straits Times'' published cash bounties for information leading to the killing or capture of senior communists.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Alias Chin Peng: My Side of History|last1=Ward|first1=Ian|last2=Miraflor|first2=Norma|last3=Peng|first3=Chin|publisher=Media Masters|year=2003|isbn=981-04-8693-6|location=Singapore|pages=312–313}}</ref> Earlier during the Emergency, The ''Straits Times'' had erroneously reported that 26 suspected communist guerrillas had been shot dead by the British military while attempting to escape after ammunition had been discovered in their homes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Hack|first=Karl|date=2016|title='Devils that Suck the Blood of the Malayan People'|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0968344516671738|journal=War in History|volume=25|pages=209|doi=10.1177/0968344516671738 |s2cid=159509434 |via=Sage Journals}}</ref> However, it was later discovered that 24 people had been shot dead, and that all of them were innocent civilians who had been executed as part of the [[Batang Kali massacre]] by the [[Scots Guards]] regiment; an event described by historians as the British [[Mỹ Lai massacre|Mỹ Lai]].<ref name=":0" />

===Post-independence===
{{multiple image
| align = center
| direction = horizontal
| width = 200
| header =
| image1 = ST10August1965.jpg
| caption1 = The famous "Singapore is out" headline on 10 August 1965, announcing the independence and sovereignty of the [[Republic of Singapore]] after it was expelled from the [[Federation of Malaysia]] the day prior.
| image2 = ST24November1970.jpg
| caption2 = The newspaper on 24 November 1970, announcing the death of the first [[president of the Republic of Singapore]] [[Yusof Ishak]] the day prior.
| image3 = ST1November1981.jpg
| caption3 = ''The Sunday Times'' edition on 1 November 1981, when [[Workers' Party of Singapore|Workers Party]] politician [[J. B. Jeyaretnam]] won the [[1981 Anson by-election]], becoming the first non-PAP politician to be elected to Parliament since Singapore gained independence in 1965.
| image4 = ST16March1986.jpg
| caption4 = ''The Sunday Times'' edition on 16 March 1986, a day after the [[Collapse of Hotel New World]].
}}
After Singapore gained its independence in 1965, the newspaper has since been referred to as Singapore's [[newspaper of record]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby|title=A tick in the only box|last=Aglionby|first=John|date=26 October 2001|work=The Guardian|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150855/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="asiaone.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html|title=More young people writing to ST Forum|website=www.asiaone.com|access-date=15 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916053101/http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html|archive-date=16 September 2017}}</ref> Despite its history as being largely anti-PAP and anti-independence when Singapore was a colony, it has become largely pro-PAP after independence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html|title=In Singapore, Political Campaigning Goes Viral|last=Mydans|first=Seth|date=5 May 2011|work=The New York Times|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151455/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104|title=Singapore Straits Times website down after hacker threat|date=4 November 2013|work=Reuters|access-date=13 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151303/https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/singapore-bans-chinese-american-scholar-foreign-agent-49033721|title=Singapore bans Chinese-American scholar as foreign agent|work=ABC News|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813181519/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/singapore-bans-chinese-american-scholar-foreign-agent-49033721|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> The news website of ''The Straits Times'' launched on 1 January 1994, making it one of the first newspapers in the world to do so. The website remained entirely free until 2005 when paid subscription became required to fully access news and commentary.<ref name=":5" />

====Government interference====
Prior to 1965, during the early days of [[Self-governance of Singapore|Singaporean self-governance]], the paper had an uneasy relationship with some politicians, including the leaders of the [[People's Action Party]] (PAP).<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 April 1959 |title=PAP and English Press |work=The Straits Times |url= http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170819020258/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590430-1.2.87 |archive-date=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 1959 |title=Press Freedom |work=The Straits Times |url= http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170819164945/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590519-1.2.62 |archive-date=19 August 2017}}</ref> This was partially due to Hoffman criticising the PAP during the [[1959 Singaporean general election|1959 general election]] and supporting the eventually defeated chief minister [[Lim Yew Hock]].<ref name=":6" /> Editors were warned that any reportage that may threaten the merger between Singapore and the Malayan Federation may result in subversion charges, and that they may be detained without trial under the [[Internal Security Act (Singapore)|Preservation of Public Security Ordinance Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 1959 |title=IPI to Discuss PAP Threat Against The Straits Times |work=The Straits Times |url= http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170820000358/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590522-1.2.13 |archive-date=20 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Ugly threats' are also a menace to already dwindling liberties |url= http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113 |work=The Straits Times |date=28 May 1959 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170819235302/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19590528-1.2.113 |archive-date=19 August 2017}}</ref> Following criticism of the paper's coverage from [[Lee Kuan Yew]] after the [[1979 Singaporean by-elections|1979 by-elections]] and the [[1980 Singaporean general election|1980 general election]], ''The Straits Times'' agreed to accept [[S.R. Nathan]], a government nominee and the former Director of Internal Security, as its executive chairman.<ref name=":3" /> Subsequently, the Singaporean government restructured the entire newspaper industry, in which all papers published in English, Chinese, and Malay were brought under Singapore Press Holdings (SPH), established on 30 November 1984. Following the establishment of the conglomerate, ''The Straits Times'', and the other subsidiaries, were allowed to maintain its own board of directors and editorial staff.

The newspaper is sometimes referred as "the mouthpiece" of the ruling party,<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby |title=A tick in the only box |last=Aglionby |first=John |date=26 October 2001 |work=The Guardian |location= London |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150855/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/26/worlddispatch.johnaglionby |archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="asiaone.com1">{{Cite news |url= http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html |title=More young people writing to ST Forum |website=www.asiaone.com |date=1 May 2010 |first=Amelia |last=Tan |access-date=15 September 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170916053101/http://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20100429-213155.html |archive-date=16 September 2017}}</ref> or at least "mostly pro-government",<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html |title=In Singapore, Political Campaigning Goes Viral |last=Mydans |first=Seth |date=5 May 2011 |work=The New York Times |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151455/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/06/world/asia/06iht-singapore06.html |archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104 |title=Singapore Straits Times website down after hacker threat |date=4 November 2013 |work=Reuters |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151303/https://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-hacker-straitstimes-idINDEE9A305K20131104 |archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> as well as "close to the government".<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/singapore-bans-chinese-american-scholar-foreign-agent-49033721 |title=Singapore bans Chinese-American scholar as foreign agent |work=ABC News (US) |date=4 August 2017 |agency=The Associated Press |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813181519/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/singapore-bans-chinese-american-scholar-foreign-agent-49033721 |archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> Chua Chin Hon, then ST's bureau chief for the United States, was quoted as saying that SPH's "editors have all been groomed as pro-government supporters and are careful to ensure that reporting of local events adheres closely to the official line" in a 2009 US diplomatic cable [[United States diplomatic cables leak|leaked by WikiLeaks]].<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://sg.news.yahoo.com/blogs/singaporescene/wikileaks-significant-gov-t-pressure-put-st-editors-095630064.html |work=Yahoo News |date=2 September 2011 |title=WikiLeaks: Significant gov't pressure put on ST editors |access-date=8 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908200455/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/blogs/singaporescene/wikileaks-significant-gov-t-pressure-put-st-editors-095630064.html |archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> Past chairpersons of Singapore Press Holdings have been civil or public servants. The SPH Chairman before the SPH media restructuring, [[Lee Boon Yang]], was a former PAP cabinet minister who took over from Tony Tan, former Deputy Prime Minister. Many current ST management and senior editors have close links to the government as well. SPH CEO [[Alan Chan]] was a former top civil servant and Principal Private Secretary to then Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Current editor-in-chief Warren Fernandez was considered as a PAP candidate for the 2006 elections.<ref>{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oRY8MwEACAAJ&q=OB+Markers:+My+Straits+Times+Story |title=OB Markers: My Straits Times Story |last=Cheong |first=Yip Seng |date=2013 |publisher=Straits Times Press |isbn=9789814342339 |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220715070432/https://books.google.com/books?id=oRY8MwEACAAJ&q=OB+Markers:+My+Straits+Times+Story |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.yahoo.com/news/comment-the-big-story-behind-the-sph-reshuffle-025441396.html |title=COMMENT: The big story behind the SPH reshuffle |website=Yahoo News |date=1 July 2016 |first=P.N. |last=Balji |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151905/https://www.yahoo.com/news/comment-the-big-story-behind-the-sph-reshuffle-025441396.html |archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Name
! rowspan="2" |Position(s) in SPH
! rowspan="2" |Years served
! colspan="2" |Position(s) in public office
|-
!<small>Before SPH</small>
!<small>After SPH</small>
|-
|[[S. R. Nathan|S.R. Nathan]]
|Executive chairman of the Straits Times Press/SPH
|1982–1988
|Perm Sec. [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]
|Ambassador, [[President of Singapore]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2016 |title=Former president S R Nathan dies, aged 92 |url= https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/former-president-sr-nathan-dies-aged-92 |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2021 |work=The Straits Times |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210721032944/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/former-president-sr-nathan-dies-aged-92}}</ref>
|-
|[[Lim Kim San]]
|Executive chairman of SPH
|1988–2002
|[[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet Minister]], Chairman of [[PSA International|Port of Singapore Authority]]
|Chairman, [[Council of Presidential Advisers]], Chancellor, [[Singapore Management University]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lim Kim San |work=Infopedia |url= https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_645_2005-01-11.html |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180731183641/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_645_2005-01-11.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Lim Chin Beng
|Chairman of SPH
|2002–2005
|
|
|-
|[[Tony Tan]]
|Executive chairman of SPH
|2005–2011
|[[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]]
|[[President of Singapore]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 September 2011 |title=Tony Tan elected Singapore president |url= https://www.ft.com/content/b353b3c2-d0d4-11e0-8891-00144feab49a |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2021 |work=Financial Times |location= London |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210721032924/https://www.ft.com/content/b353b3c2-d0d4-11e0-8891-00144feab49a}}</ref>
|-
|Tjong Yik Min
|President of SPH
|1995–2002
|Director of [[Internal Security Department (Singapore)|Internal Security Department]]
|Group Chief Executive, [[Yeo Hiap Seng]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2019 |title=Former ISD director Tjong Yik Min dies at age 67 |url= https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/former-isd-director-tjong-yik-min-dies |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2021 |work=The Straits Times |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210721032925/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/former-isd-director-tjong-yik-min-dies}}</ref>
|-
|[[Alan Chan]]
|Director, president, chief executive of SPH
|2002–2017
|Perm. Sec. of the Ministry of Transport
|Chairman of the [[Land Transport Authority]] (LTA)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alan Chan reappointed LTA chairman |url= https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/alan-chan-reappointed-lta-chairman-six-new-names-join-board |access-date=25 June 2021 |date=31 August 2017 |first=Lee |last=Meixian |work=The Business Times |location= Singapore |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210625091058/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/alan-chan-reappointed-lta-chairman-six-new-names-join-board |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Lee Boon Yang]]
|Executive chairman of SPH
|2011–2021
|[[Cabinet of Singapore|Cabinet Minister]]
|
|-
|[[Zainul Abidin (politician)|Zainul Abidin Rasheed]]
|Editor of Berita Harian, Associate editor of ST
|1976–1996
|
|Senior Minister of State for Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador
|-
|Chua Lee Hoong
|Review, Political editor of ST<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20080204-48223.html |title=ST editorial reshuffle to streamline, strengthen coverage |last=Chua |first=Hian Hou |website= www.asiaone.com |date=4 February 2008 |access-date=24 September 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170924142348/http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20080204-48223.html |archive-date=24 September 2017}}</ref>
|1995–2012<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltaweb/corp/PublicationsResearch/files/AnnualReports/0910/LTA-AR09-10.pdf |publisher=Land Transport Authority |title=Annual Report 2009|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121111135625/http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltaweb/corp/PublicationsResearch/files/AnnualReports/0910/LTA-AR09-10.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2012 |url-status=dead |quote=Chua Lee Hoong was with the civil service for 10 years before joining Singapore Press Holdings as a journalist in 1995.}}</ref>
|Intelligence analyst of Internal Security Department<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://ericellis.com/archive/sph.htm |title=Climate control in the Singapore Press |last=Ellis |first=Eric |date=21 June 2001 |work=The Australian |location= Sydney |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170924182203/http://ericellis.com/archive/sph.htm |archive-date=24 September 2017}}</ref>
|Senior Director of Resilience Policy and Research Centre and National Security Research Centre, [[Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|Prime Minister's Office]]<ref>{{Cite press release |url= https://www.mot.gov.sg/News-Centre/News/2016/Appointment-of-Members-to-The-Public-Transport-Council/ |title=Appointment of Members to The Public Transport Council |publisher= Ministry of Transport |location= Singapore |access-date=24 September 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170924142355/https://www.mot.gov.sg/News-Centre/News/2016/Appointment-of-Members-to-The-Public-Transport-Council/ |archive-date=24 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
|Patrick Daniel
|Editor-in-chief, deputy chief executive of SPH
|1986–2017
|Director in the [[Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Ministry of Trade and Industry]]<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/journalism-veteran-patrick-daniel-to-retire-as-deputy-ceo-stay-on-as |title=Journalism veteran Patrick Daniel to retire as SPH deputy CEO, stay on as consultant |last=Yahya |first=Yasmine |date=26 May 2017 |work=The Straits Times |access-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170813151406/http://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/journalism-veteran-patrick-daniel-to-retire-as-deputy-ceo-stay-on-as |archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>
|Interim CEO of SPH Media Trust<ref>{{Cite news |title=Patrick Daniel to be interim CEO of SPH Media Trust; digital media capacity to be enhanced |url= https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/patrick-daniel-to-be-interim-ceo-of-sph-media-trust-digital-media-capacity-to-be |access-date=25 June 2021 |work=The Business Times |location= Singapore |archive-date=25 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210625084013/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/patrick-daniel-to-be-interim-ceo-of-sph-media-trust-digital-media-capacity-to-be |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Ng Yat Chung]]
|Chief executive of SPH
|2017–2021
|[[Neptune Orient Lines|CEO of Neptune Orient Lines]], Chief of Army, [[Chief of Defence Force (Singapore)|Chief of Defence Force]]
|
|-
|Han Fook Kwang
|Editor of ST, Editor-at-large<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.sph.com.sg/system/assets/2453/Bio%20on%20author%20Han%20Fook%20Kwang.pdf |title=Bio on Author Han Fook Kwang |url-status=dead |publisher=Singapore Press Holdings |date=n.d. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170915164607/https://www.sph.com.sg/system/assets/2453/Bio%20on%20author%20Han%20Fook%20Kwang.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2017}}</ref>
|1989–present
|Deputy Director of Ministry of Communications (Land Transport)<ref name="asiaone.com" />
|Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies<ref>{{Cite web |title=Han Fook Kwang |url= https://www.rsis.edu.sg/profile/han-fook-kwang/ |access-date=25 June 2021 |website=www.rsis.edu.sg |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211127015929/https://www.rsis.edu.sg/profile/han-fook-kwang/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Janadas Devan]]
|Senior editor of ST
|1997–2012
|Academic
|Chief of Government Communications<ref>{{Cite press release |url= https://www.mci.gov.sg/pressroom/news-and-stories/pressroom/2012/6/appointment-to-the-government-information-service?page=90 |title=Appointment to the Government Information Service |publisher= Ministry of Communications and Information |date=27 June 2012 |access-date=8 September 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170908095708/https://www.mci.gov.sg/pressroom/news-and-stories/pressroom/2012/6/appointment-to-the-government-information-service?page=90 |archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref>
|}

In his memoir ''OB Markers: My Straits Times Story'', former editor-in-chief Cheong Yip Seng, alleged how the newspaper has a government-appointed "monitor" at the newspaper, "someone who could watch to see if indeed the newsroom was beyond control", and that disapproval of the "monitor" could cost a reporter or editor from being internally promoted.<ref name="sentinel">{{cite web |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5074&Itemid=604 |title=Book Review: Lee Kuan Yew's Taming of the Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005145103/http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5074&Itemid=604 |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> Cheong identified the first monitor as [[S. R. Nathan]], director of the Ministry of Defence's [[Security and Intelligence Division]] and later [[president of Singapore]].<ref name="sentinel" /> Editors were bound by "[[OB marker|out of bounds markers]]" to denote what topics are permissible for public discussion, such as anything that may produce ill-will and hostility between different races and religious groups.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1747889/under-lee-kuan-yew-press-was-only-free-it-needed-be-serve|title=Under Lee Kuan Yew, the press was only as free as it needed to be to serve Singapore|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813173809/http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/1747889/under-lee-kuan-yew-press-was-only-free-it-needed-be-serve|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/the-exotic-world-of-singaporean-journalism/|title=The Exotic World of Singaporean Journalism - Asia Sentinel|date=17 July 2013|work=Asia Sentinel|access-date=13 August 2017|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813144615/http://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/the-exotic-world-of-singaporean-journalism/|archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref>

==Coverage==
''The Straits Times'' functions with 16 [[News bureau|bureaus]] and special correspondents in major cities worldwide. The paper has five sections: the main section consist of Asian and international news, with sub-sections of columns and editorials and the Forum Page (letters to the press). The Home section consist of local news and topics on Education for Monday, Mind and Body for Tuesday, Digital for Wednesday, Community for Thursday and Science for Friday. There are also a [[sports]] and [[finance]] section, a classified ads and job listing section and a lifestyle, style, [[entertainment]] and [[the arts]] section titled "Life!".

The newspaper also publishes special editions for primary and secondary schools in Singapore. The primary-school version contains a special pull-out, titled "Little Red Dot" and the secondary-school version contains a pull-out titled ''"In"''.

A separate edition ''The Sunday Times'' is published on Sundays.

===International editions===
A specific Myanmar and Brunei edition of this paper was launched on 25 March 2014 and 30 October 2014. It is published daily with local newspaper printers on licence with SPH. This paper is distributed on ministries, businesses, major hotels, airlines, bookshops and supermarkets on major cities and target sales to local and foreign businessmen in both countries. Circulation of the Myanmar edition currently stands at 5,000 and 2,500 for the Brunei edition. The Brunei edition is currently sold at B$1 per copy and an All-in-One ''Straits Times'' package consisting of the print edition and full digital access via online, tablets and smartphones, will also be introduced in Brunei.<ref name=myanmar /><ref name=brunei />

===''Straits Times'' Online===
Launched on 1 January 1994, ''The Straits Times''{{'}} website was free of charge and granted access to all the sections and articles found in the print edition. On 1 January 2005, the online version began requiring registration and after a short period became a paid-access-only site. Currently, only people who subscribe to the online edition can read all the articles on the [[Internet]], including the frequently updated "Latest News" section.

A free section, featuring a selection of news stories, is currently available at the site. Regular [[podcast]], [[vodcast]] and twice-daily—mid-day and evening updates—radio-news bulletins are also available for free online.

== Preservation ==
In July 2007, the [[National Library Board]] signed an agreement with the Singapore Press Holdings to digitise the archives of ''The Straits Times'' going back to its founding in 1845. The archived materials are held in the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library and are available to the public through microfilm.<ref>{{Citation |title=ENHANCING ACCESS TO THE NEWSPAPER COLLECTIONS: The Lee Kong Chian Reference Library Experience |date=19 January 2008 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783598441264.5.137/html |work=IFLA Publications |pages=137–142 |editor-last=Walravens |editor-first=Hartmut |place=Berlin, New York |publisher=Walter de Gruyter, K. G. Saur |doi=10.1515/9783598441264.5.137 |isbn=978-3-598-44126-4 |access-date=8 July 2022}}</ref>

==Community programmes==
===''The Straits Times'' School Pocket Money Fund===
''The Straits Times'' School Pocket Money Fund was initiated on 1 October 2000 by ''The Straits Times'', to heighten public awareness of the plight of children from low-income families who were attending school without proper breakfast, or pocket money to sustain their day in school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spmf.org.sg/|title=The Straits Times School Pocket Money Fund|website=www.spmf.org.sg|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302152507/https://www.spmf.org.sg/|archive-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The aim is to alleviate the financial burden faced by parents in providing for their children's education. At the same time the funds will help children who are already facing difficulties in remaining in school to stay on.


===The Straits Times School of Rock Competition===
===''The Straits Times'' Schools===
''The Straits Times'' Schools is a news desk created to encourage youth readership and interest in news and current affairs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.sphdigital.com/stschools/our-mission/|title=Our Mission -|website=ST Schools|language=en-US|access-date=24 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506220525/http://sites.sphdigital.com/stschools/our-mission/|archive-date=6 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Launched in 2004, the programme was initially known as ''The Straits Times'' Media Club. Youth newspapers, ''IN'' and ''Little Red Dot'' are produced on a weekly basis for secondary and primary school students respectively, whose schools would have to subscribe in bulk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.sphdigital.com/stschools/faq/|title=Frequently Asked Questions -|website=ST Schools|language=en-US|access-date=24 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007142943/http://sites.sphdigital.com/stschools/faq/|archive-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Students will receive their papers every Monday together with the main broadsheet. On 7 March 2017, a digital ''IN'' app was launched, allowing parents, students and other individual ST subscribers to subscribe to ''IN'' weekly releases digitally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketscreener.com/SINGAPORE-PRESS-HOLDINGS-6491128/news/Singapore-Press-The-Straits-Times-student-magazine-IN-goes-digital-24002229/|title=Singapore Press : The Straits Times' student magazine, IN, goes digital {{!}} MarketScreener|last=MarketScreener|website=www.marketscreener.com|date=8 March 2017 |language=en|access-date=24 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330222458/https://www.marketscreener.com/SINGAPORE-PRESS-HOLDINGS-6491128/news/Singapore-Press-The-Straits-Times-student-magazine-IN-goes-digital-24002229/|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Straits Times School of Rock Competition was incepted in 2005. Budding young bands with members aged between 13-18 compete to be the ultimate Youth Band in Singapore. The finals of the competition was held at a local shopping mall in small town, Bishan: Junction 8 on the 31st July 2005.


==Public opinion==
The band 3dash1 won against the 206 bands that signed up for the competition. 3dash1 comprises of the following members: Muhammad Ashik, 18, from [[Singapore Polytechnic]], bassist Andhika, 17, from [[Nanyang Polytechnic]] and drummer Mohammed Nashir, 19, from [[Institute of Technical Education|ITE]] Simei. The band received prize money of S$5,000 (US$3,008), and was offered a management contract from artiste mangement company, Music & Movement.
A 2020 [[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism|Reuters Institute]] independent survey of 15 media outlets found that 73% of Singaporean respondents trusted reporting from ''The Straits Times'', the second highest rating next to [[CNA (TV network)|Channel NewsAsia]] (CNA), a local TV news channel.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-06/DNR_2020_FINAL.pdf|title=Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020|publisher=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|location=[[University of Oxford]]|pages=101}}</ref>


==See also==
=== The Straits Times National Schools Newspaper Competition ===
* The [[New Straits Times]] - Malaysian edition spin-off and former sister publication
The National Schools Newspaper Competition started its inaugural year in 2005. Although 20 schools qualified for the semi-finals based on their school newsletters, only 10 schools made it to the finals. These 10 secondary schools then participated in the finals, a 24-hour challenge held at the SPH News Centre on 12-13 December 2005. The aim was to produce a 4 page, A3 sized newsletter within that time.
* [[Media of Singapore]]
* [[List of newspapers in Singapore]]


== References ==
[[Anglo-Chinese School (Barker Road)]] beat 9 other schools to emerge as the "Gold" (1st) prize winner, taking home S$5,000 cash and a trophy. The team consisted of Timothy Fang, 15, Whang Yihang, 15, Michael Davies, 15, Mervyn Lau, 14, and Ian Yap, 14. Raffles Institution and CHIJ (St. Nicholas) came in "Silver" (2nd) and "Bronze" (3rd) winners respectively.
{{Reflist}}


=== Additional sources ===
==Notable personalities==
* Thio, ''HR and the Media in Singapore'' in HR and the Media, Robert Haas ed, Malaysia: AIDCOM 1996 69 at 72-5.
*[[Cheong Yip Seng]] (Editor-in-Chief)
*[[Han Fook Kwang]] (Editor)
*[[Felix Soh]] (Deputy Editor)
*[[Zuraidah Ibrahim]] (Political Editor)
*[[Warren Fernandez]] (Foreign Editor)
*[[Sumiko Tan]] (Life!/Urban Editor)
*[[Susan Long]] (Journalist)
*[[Ching Cheong]] (Senior journalist - Presently held by Chinese authorities on espionage charges)


==References==
==Further reading==
* Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. ''The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers'' (1980) pp 305–7
*Thio, ''HR and the Media in Singapore'' in HR and the Media, Robert Haas ed, Malaysia: AIDCOM 1996 69 at 72-5.
* Turnbull, C. Mary. ''Dateline Singapore: 150 Years of The Straits Times'' (1995), published by Singapore Press Holdings
* Cheong Yip Seng. ''OB Markers: My Straits Times Story'' (2012), published by Straits Times Press


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/ The Straits Times ]
* {{official website|1=https://www.straitstimes.com}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/*/http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg|title=The Straits Times}}
*[http://www.asianewsnet.net/level3_template1.php?l3sec=9&news_id=43433/ The Asia News Network ]
* {{Newseum front page|SING_ST}}
*[http://www.stomp.com.sg/ Stomp]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180706014450/http://newslink.asiaone.com/ SPH NewsLink—Archive of ''Straits Times'' Articles]
* [https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/ Search digitised Singapore newspapers from 1831-2013]


{{portalbar|Current events|Journalism|Singapore}}
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Latest revision as of 12:41, 24 April 2024

The Straits Times
The Straits Times front page
on 13 December 2019
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet
Online
Owner(s)SPH Media
EditorJaime Ho[1]
Founded15 July 1845; 178 years ago (1845-07-15) (as The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce)
(65305 issues)
LanguageEnglish
Headquarters1000 Toa Payoh North, News Centre, Singapore, 318994
CountrySingapore
Circulation995,991 (As of August 2018)[2]
OCLC number8572659
Websitewww.straitstimes.com

The Straits Times (also known informally by its abbreviation ST) is a Singaporean daily English-language newspaper owned by the SPH Media Trust.[2][3][4] Established on 15 July 1845, it is the most-widely circulated newspaper in the country and has a significant regional audience.[5][6] The newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online, the latter of which was launched in 1994. It is regarded as the newspaper of record for Singapore.

Print and digital editions of The Straits Times and The Sunday Times had a daily average circulation of 364,134 and 364,849 respectively in 2017, as audited by Audit Bureau of Circulations Singapore.[7] In 2014, country-specific editions were published for residents in Brunei and Myanmar, with newsprint circulations of 2,500 and 5,000 respectively.[8][9]

History[edit]

The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce on 5 June 1858.
Page 7 in The Straits Times on 12 December 1907 entitled "Stone-Laying Ceremony: New Methodist Episcopal Church for Singapore", about the construction of Wesley Methodist Church at Fort Canning Hill.
Page 11 in The Straits Times on 28 February 1935. The "Plans for a new Supreme Court" report would lead to the construction of the contemporary Old Supreme Court Building, completed on 3 August 1939. The building was used in its official capacity until 20 June 2005, by which it was converted to a national museum named the National Gallery Singapore.

Early years[edit]

The original conception for The Straits Times has been debated by historians of Singapore. Prior to 1845, the only English-language newspaper in Singapore was The Singapore Free Press, founded by William Napier in 1835.[10] Marterus Thaddeus Apcar, an Armenian merchant, had intended to start a paper, hired an editor, and purchased printing equipment from England. However the would-be editor died abruptly, prior to the arrival of the printing equipment, and Apcar went bankrupt. Fellow Armenian and friend, Catchick Moses, then bought the printing equipment from Apcar and launched The Straits Times with Robert Carr Woods, Sr., an English journalist from Bombay as editor. The paper was founded as The Straits Times and Singapore Journal of Commerce on 15 July 1845.[11][12]

The Straits Times was launched as an eight-page weekly, published at 7 Commercial Square using a hand-operated press. The subscription fee then was Sp.$1.75 per month. As editor, Woods sought to distinguish The Straits Times from The Singapore Free Press by including humour, short stories, and foreign news, and by making use of regular steamship services carrying mail that launched shortly before The Straits Times was launched.[13] Historian Mary Turnbull disputes this account of The Straits Times' founding, saying that it was unlikely an Armenian merchant would have wanted to found an English-language newspaper, particularly given the presence of the more established Singapore Free Press. In September 1846, the paper was given to Woods outright because the press proved unprofitable to run and Moses was unable to sell it. The paper struggled with a lack of subscribers and newsworthy items to coverage. Woods covered the financial deficit by using the printing press for other projects, including the first directory of Singapore, The Straits Times Almanack, Calendar and Directory, published in 1846.[10]

The first major political stance taken by The Straits Times was against James Brooke, the Rajah of Sarawak. Woods personally resented Brooke and changed that Brooke's actions against Dayak "pirates" was a massacre of peaceful, civilian merchants. The rival Singapore Free Press came to Brooke's defence and the ensuing controversy boosted the circulation of both papers. Woods petitioned the British government for an inquest of Brooke's actions in 1851, with a commission convened in 1854.[14] Brookes was exonerated, but the popularity of the episode made The Straits Times a success, and it became a daily newspaper in 1858.

Woods continued as editor of the paper until he sold it in 1860. John Cameron served as editor from 1861 to 1869, during which the paper nearly went out of business due to hugely destructive fire. The paper's assets were sold at public auction for $40 and Cameron went bankrupt, although he managed to revive the newspaper. Six years after Cameron's death in 1881, his widow appointed Arnot Reid, a young Scottish journalist, as editor, who then held the post for 12 years.[15][16]

The Straits Times became a major reporter of political and economic events of note in British Malaya, including shipping news, civil and political unrest in Siam and Burma, official reports, and including high society news items such as tea parties held at Government House and visits from dignitaries such as the Sultan of Johor. Colonial officials, such as Frank Swettenham, wrote articles, sometimes in their own names. The paper later published Swettenham's writings on the history of Perak and his involvement in the British Residential system in 1893.[16]

Following Reid's retirement, Alexander W. Still took over as editor, a post he held for 18 years. During Still's leadership as editor, The Straits Times built a reputation for bold reporting and fearless commentary. It was known as the "Thunderer of the East", a reference to the original Thunderer, The Times of London, and was a critic of the British colonial administration, though much milder in its criticism of the government compared to its critique of unethical businesses. Under Still's leadership, circulation (from 3,600 in 1910 to 4,100 in 1920) and ad revenues increased. Still's outspokenness as editor resulted in a number of libel suits against the paper, which were either lost or settled privately out of court. He believed that the paper had an obligation to investigate and expose corruption both in government and in business.

For our own part, we cherish the liberty of the press simply for its value to the community as a whole. Nothing fills us with greater contempt than the type of journalism, unfortunately somewhat on the increase in Great Britain, which pries into private affairs, gloats over domestic scandals, and tickles the palates of the people with snappy tidbits of personality. We do not want liberty of the press extended in a form that would enable this kind of journalism to pander without fear of penalties. But in the modern constitution of society, the press has great functions to perform. It is the chief safeguard against corruption . . . our business is to do what we deem right and necessary in the public interest, and no law court can be the keeper of our conscience . . . Malaya has some reason to be proud of its press. It is honest, clean, and public-spirited. It may be wrong-headed occasionally - we may ourselves be the chief of sinners in that respect - but it puts no man or woman to the blush, and its aims are generally wholesome.[17]

Still attacked the actions of governor Laurence Guillemard on the grounds of a free press, such as back-room discussions of a proposed constitutional change that colonial administrators urged reporters to delay covering until the proposals were announced. In an editorial, Still replied, "That is mere pompous nonsense when addressed to a free people and a free press."[18]

The Singapore Free Press, which had folded in 1869, was revived by W.G. St. Clair, who edited it until 1916. The rival newspapers spurred readership among the growing English-reading community, with The Singapore Free Press published in the morning and The Straits Times released in the afternoon.[15] Still retired from The Straits Times in 1926 and the paper cycled through four editors in the span of two years before George Seabridge became editor in 1928. He held the position for the next 18 years and oversaw huge growth in circulation: from 5,000 to 25,000 subscribers.

The Straits Times focused predominantly on British and British-related events while ignoring the politics and socio-economic issues of concern to other groups, including the Malay, Chinese, and Indian populations in and around Singapore. Coverage of events related to non-British was typically restricted to court cases or sensationalized crimes, such as the Tok Janggut's rebellion in Kelantan in 1915. Under Still's editorship, the paper called for better working conditions for Malay, Chinese, and Indian labourers, but on the grounds that it would improve their efficiency and productivity. Still also considered the Asian population of Singapore "untrustworthy" and suggested they should not hold positions of power or serve in the military.[17] Asian reporters at The Straits Times experienced discrimination in the workplace and while on assignment. Peter Benson Maxwell, an Indian reporter, arranged an interview with the governor Cecil Clementi via Clementi's secretary, but was quickly removed from the premises of the Government House when he arrived in person.[16]

The paper was originally owned by the individual founders before becoming a private company, as it remained until 1950. Its single largest shareholder was the procurer of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, the Reverend N.J. Couvreur, who also served as the chairman of the company's board of the directors from 1910 to 1920.

Prewar period[edit]

In the 1920s and 1930s, The Straits Times began to face competition from other papers, specifically the Malaya Tribune, which promised "frank discussion of Malayan affairs" and "weekly articles by special and well-informed writers, Chinese, Indians, and Muslims".[17] The Tribune, founded in 1914, lagged behind The Straits Times in sales and readership, and launched an advertising campaign to increase circulation and move the paper away from its image as the "clerk's paper". It also hired talented journalists, including Leslie Hoffman and T.S. Khoo, who became the editor-in-chief and deputy editor-in-chief, respectively, of The Straits Times after World War II. The efforts of the Malaya Tribune were successful when, in 1932, its circulation exceeded that of The Straits Times. In response to the competition, Seabridge improved the company by building a new office, replacing and updating old printing equipment, hiring local journalists, and beginning delivery upcountry.[19] He also made significant changes to the paper: he expanded coverage of events in Singapore and Malaya; created a Sunday paper; cut the price of the paper to match that of the Malaya Tribune; and incorporated pictures, comics, and other eye-catching elements to make the paper more attractive. Particularly with the reduction of cost, the number of subscribers dramatically increased. In 1938, the paper began delivery by air to Kuala Lumpur, where they were taken from the city to rural areas by vans.[citation needed]

Part of Seabridge's attempts to expand circulation was to include "women's columns", particularly by incorporating the voices of the wives of wealthy British planters.[20]

By 1933, the renewed Free Press was unable to maintain the competition with The Straits Times and the paper was bought by Seabridge, though it remained more closely affiliated with merchants and lawyers.[20]

Japanese occupation[edit]

Lead-up to occupation[edit]

The Sunday Times edition on 15 February 1942. Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival surrendered on behalf of the Commonwealth forces later that day, leading to the largest surrender of British forces in history.

In July 1941, Prime Minister Winston Churchill appointed Duff Cooper, a former Minister of Information, to investigate how to coordinate defence policy planning in Asia against the threat of Japanese invasion. Cooper arrived in Singapore in September 1941 and reported that the various civil, governmental, and military elements did not communicate or coordinate well. Seabridge, as chief editor, was highly critical of the lack of planning and efficiency of government officials.[21] Seabridge and F. D. Bisseker, the chairman of the Eastern Smelting Company, strongly urged Cooper to build up the civil defense; Seabridge also back Cooper's proposal to institute martial law.[13][22] Japanese attacks in the northern Malay states began on 8 December 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Five days later, the commander ordered the evacuation of all European women and children and all military personnel from the island of Penang. Similar evacuations of only Europeans were ordered throughout the month of December, seriously undermining the morale of the much larger Asian population of Singapore and the surrounding British areas. However, Governor Shenton Thomas insisted that the British community of Singapore not flee in the face of the Japanese, that no racial discrimination was to take place in the evacuation of civilians, and that British civil officers stay behind to "look after their Asian charges".[23] The government also obstructed information of the severity of the situation on the frontlines. On 5 January 1941, The Straits Times published the following lead article summarizing the situation.

Malaya has now been in the front line for a month. The Northern Settlement is in enemy hands, and fighting is taking place within 200 miles of Singapore. This island has been bombed on several occasions with 'slight damage to civilian property' and 'a few civilian casualties'. That is a reasonably accurate summary of all the people of this country have been told of the fighting that is going around them. Vague 'lines' have been mentioned and there have been sundry 'strategic withdrawals'. Such generalities provide a very flimsy basis indeed for detailed comment – so flimsy that we do not propose to attempt a task which is very nearly impossible of achievement … The view we propose to put forward here is the view of the middle-class Asiatic who has been asked to help in maintaining morale but finds himself quite unable to do so . . . If the newspapers and the newspaper reading public are to be any help in combatting rumour, they must be supplied with the only things which are of the slightest value in carrying out the task. And those things are facts.[24]

Occupation[edit]

On 20 February 1942, five days after the Fall of Singapore, The Straits Times was renamed by Japan and became known as The Shonan Times, Shonan (昭南) being the Japanese name for Singapore. The first issue of The Shonan Times published a declaration by Tomoyuki Yamashita, announcing that the aim of the Japanese was to establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in order to achieve a "Great Spirit of Cosmocrasy" and "sweep away the arrogant and unrighteous British elements".[25][26]

The children's newspaper, outlined in the third goal, was published as Sakura and included as a free supplement in the 10 June 1942 edition of the Syonan Shimbun, though it was later sold separately for one sen. In addition to the Sakura children's newspaper, the Syonan Shimbun, in all its iterations, was used by the Japanese government as a way of attempting to create pro-Japanese youth leaders among the multiethnic, multilingual children of Singapore.[27]

The paper was later published as The Syonan Times, The Syonan Sinbun, and The Syonan Shimbun.[19][28] The changes in the spelling arose from squabbles between adherents of different romanization systems, namely Hepburn romanization and a standard devised by the Japanese military government (i.e. General Tojo was written as Tozyo).[29] On 8 December 1942, the anniversary of the initial Japanese invasion, the paper was published as the Syonan Sinbun, the English-language edition of a Japanese newspaper.[30] It finally became the Syonan Shimbun on 8 December 1943.[31] The paper was reverted back to The Straits Times on 5 September 1945 as Singapore returned to British colonial rule and subsequently until today.

During this period, the paper was thoroughly pro-Japanese and would often report on Japan's war efforts in the Pacific.[32]: 240  The newspaper was run by members of the Japanese military propaganda division and included prominent writers such as Masuji Ibuse.

Seabridge and his wife fled Singapore on 11 February 1942 and went to Batavia (present-day Jakarta).[33] From Batavia, Seabridge filed a secret report for the War Cabinet in London in April 1942 on the failure of both military and civilian governments to hold and maintain Singapore's defences.

Singapore itself was in a state of almost complete chaos from the end of December. Civil Servants who had evacuated from the Malay States sought to set up temporary departments in Singapore for no other apparent reason than the preservation of their jobs. Even the FMS Income Tax Department set itself up in Singapore after the last Federated State had fallen into Japanese hands. The Civil administration cracked badly and broke completely at some points. There was little co-operation with the Services, and many indications of jealousy and fear that outsiders might poach on the preserves of the Civil Servant … The extent to which obstructionists flourished was staggering.[24]

As a war propaganda instrument[edit]

The first issue of The Shonan Times on 20 February 1942, five days after the Fall of Singapore.
The newspaper as The Syonan Sinbun on 3 February 1943. The ongoing Pacific War dominates the news.
The newspaper as The Syonan Shimbun on 3 April 1944, two flags of Japan are prominently displayed due to the anniversary of the death of Emperor Jimmu.

In June 1942, the Military Propaganda Squad (軍宣伝班) launched a campaign, Nippon-Go Popularising Week, to promote the Japanese language among Singaporeans, using the Syonan Shimbun. The Propaganda Squad drafted some 150 members of the Japanese literati and assigned them to Singapore (Syonan) under the 25th Army Military Administration. These included notable authors such as the novelist Masuji Ibuse, poet Jimbo Kōtaro, and literary critic Nakajima Kenzo. A document dated 17 May 1942 outlined the four main objectives of Nippon-Go Popularising Week.[34]

  1. To promote the study of Japanese during and after Nippon-Go Popularising Week, introduce the Japanese state of affairs in a series of articles, and strengthen the command of conventional Japanese language in the local papers.
  2. To entreat all Japanese soldiers involved in the constructive war effort to cooperate in teaching correct Japanese to natives.
  3. To publish a weekly children's katakana newspaper.
  4. To publish a guidebook on the proper pronunciation of Japanese syllables.

The children's newspaper, outlined in the third goal, was published as Sakura and included as a free supplement in the 10 June 1942 edition of the Syonan Shimbun, though it was later sold separately for one sen.

Post-war[edit]

The newspaper on 12 December 1950, reporting the Maria Hertogh riots.
The Sunday Times edition on 21 August 1955, announcing the opening of Paya Lebar Airport and subsequently the closure of Kallang Airport.
The newspaper on 27 May 1961, two days after the Bukit Ho Swee fire. The government's response would lead the way to the development of public housing throughout the country in decades to come.

On 11 March 1950, The Straits Times became a public limited company.[35]

In 1956, The Straits Times established a Malayan (now Malaysian) edition, the New Straits Times, based in Kuala Lumpur. Since the separation of the two countries, these newspapers are now unaffiliated with each other. During the early days of Singaporean self-governance (before 1965), the paper, who had a pro-colonial stance, had an uneasy relationship with some politicians. This included the leaders of the People's Action Party (PAP), who desired self-governance for Singapore.[36][37]

Editors were warned by British colonial officials that any reportage that may threaten the merger between Singapore and the Malayan Federation may result in subversion charges, and that they may be detained without trial under the Preservation of Public Security Ordinance Act.[38][39]

During the Malayan Emergency, The Straits Times published cash bounties for information leading to the killing or capture of senior communists.[40] Earlier during the Emergency, The Straits Times had erroneously reported that 26 suspected communist guerrillas had been shot dead by the British military while attempting to escape after ammunition had been discovered in their homes.[41] However, it was later discovered that 24 people had been shot dead, and that all of them were innocent civilians who had been executed as part of the Batang Kali massacre by the Scots Guards regiment; an event described by historians as the British Mỹ Lai.[41]

Post-independence[edit]

The famous "Singapore is out" headline on 10 August 1965, announcing the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Singapore after it was expelled from the Federation of Malaysia the day prior.
The newspaper on 24 November 1970, announcing the death of the first president of the Republic of Singapore Yusof Ishak the day prior.
The Sunday Times edition on 1 November 1981, when Workers Party politician J. B. Jeyaretnam won the 1981 Anson by-election, becoming the first non-PAP politician to be elected to Parliament since Singapore gained independence in 1965.
The Sunday Times edition on 16 March 1986, a day after the Collapse of Hotel New World.

After Singapore gained its independence in 1965, the newspaper has since been referred to as Singapore's newspaper of record.[42][43] Despite its history as being largely anti-PAP and anti-independence when Singapore was a colony, it has become largely pro-PAP after independence.[44][45][46] The news website of The Straits Times launched on 1 January 1994, making it one of the first newspapers in the world to do so. The website remained entirely free until 2005 when paid subscription became required to fully access news and commentary.[19]

Government interference[edit]

Prior to 1965, during the early days of Singaporean self-governance, the paper had an uneasy relationship with some politicians, including the leaders of the People's Action Party (PAP).[47][48] This was partially due to Hoffman criticising the PAP during the 1959 general election and supporting the eventually defeated chief minister Lim Yew Hock.[13] Editors were warned that any reportage that may threaten the merger between Singapore and the Malayan Federation may result in subversion charges, and that they may be detained without trial under the Preservation of Public Security Ordinance Act.[49][50] Following criticism of the paper's coverage from Lee Kuan Yew after the 1979 by-elections and the 1980 general election, The Straits Times agreed to accept S.R. Nathan, a government nominee and the former Director of Internal Security, as its executive chairman.[16] Subsequently, the Singaporean government restructured the entire newspaper industry, in which all papers published in English, Chinese, and Malay were brought under Singapore Press Holdings (SPH), established on 30 November 1984. Following the establishment of the conglomerate, The Straits Times, and the other subsidiaries, were allowed to maintain its own board of directors and editorial staff.

The newspaper is sometimes referred as "the mouthpiece" of the ruling party,[51][52] or at least "mostly pro-government",[53][54] as well as "close to the government".[55] Chua Chin Hon, then ST's bureau chief for the United States, was quoted as saying that SPH's "editors have all been groomed as pro-government supporters and are careful to ensure that reporting of local events adheres closely to the official line" in a 2009 US diplomatic cable leaked by WikiLeaks.[56] Past chairpersons of Singapore Press Holdings have been civil or public servants. The SPH Chairman before the SPH media restructuring, Lee Boon Yang, was a former PAP cabinet minister who took over from Tony Tan, former Deputy Prime Minister. Many current ST management and senior editors have close links to the government as well. SPH CEO Alan Chan was a former top civil servant and Principal Private Secretary to then Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew. Current editor-in-chief Warren Fernandez was considered as a PAP candidate for the 2006 elections.[57][58]

Name Position(s) in SPH Years served Position(s) in public office
Before SPH After SPH
S.R. Nathan Executive chairman of the Straits Times Press/SPH 1982–1988 Perm Sec. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ambassador, President of Singapore[59]
Lim Kim San Executive chairman of SPH 1988–2002 Cabinet Minister, Chairman of Port of Singapore Authority Chairman, Council of Presidential Advisers, Chancellor, Singapore Management University[60]
Lim Chin Beng Chairman of SPH 2002–2005
Tony Tan Executive chairman of SPH 2005–2011 Deputy Prime Minister President of Singapore[61]
Tjong Yik Min President of SPH 1995–2002 Director of Internal Security Department Group Chief Executive, Yeo Hiap Seng[62]
Alan Chan Director, president, chief executive of SPH 2002–2017 Perm. Sec. of the Ministry of Transport Chairman of the Land Transport Authority (LTA)[63]
Lee Boon Yang Executive chairman of SPH 2011–2021 Cabinet Minister
Zainul Abidin Rasheed Editor of Berita Harian, Associate editor of ST 1976–1996 Senior Minister of State for Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador
Chua Lee Hoong Review, Political editor of ST[64] 1995–2012[65] Intelligence analyst of Internal Security Department[66] Senior Director of Resilience Policy and Research Centre and National Security Research Centre, Prime Minister's Office[67]
Patrick Daniel Editor-in-chief, deputy chief executive of SPH 1986–2017 Director in the Ministry of Trade and Industry[68] Interim CEO of SPH Media Trust[69]
Ng Yat Chung Chief executive of SPH 2017–2021 CEO of Neptune Orient Lines, Chief of Army, Chief of Defence Force
Han Fook Kwang Editor of ST, Editor-at-large[70] 1989–present Deputy Director of Ministry of Communications (Land Transport)[43] Senior Fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies[71]
Janadas Devan Senior editor of ST 1997–2012 Academic Chief of Government Communications[72]

In his memoir OB Markers: My Straits Times Story, former editor-in-chief Cheong Yip Seng, alleged how the newspaper has a government-appointed "monitor" at the newspaper, "someone who could watch to see if indeed the newsroom was beyond control", and that disapproval of the "monitor" could cost a reporter or editor from being internally promoted.[73] Cheong identified the first monitor as S. R. Nathan, director of the Ministry of Defence's Security and Intelligence Division and later president of Singapore.[73] Editors were bound by "out of bounds markers" to denote what topics are permissible for public discussion, such as anything that may produce ill-will and hostility between different races and religious groups.[74][75]

Coverage[edit]

The Straits Times functions with 16 bureaus and special correspondents in major cities worldwide. The paper has five sections: the main section consist of Asian and international news, with sub-sections of columns and editorials and the Forum Page (letters to the press). The Home section consist of local news and topics on Education for Monday, Mind and Body for Tuesday, Digital for Wednesday, Community for Thursday and Science for Friday. There are also a sports and finance section, a classified ads and job listing section and a lifestyle, style, entertainment and the arts section titled "Life!".

The newspaper also publishes special editions for primary and secondary schools in Singapore. The primary-school version contains a special pull-out, titled "Little Red Dot" and the secondary-school version contains a pull-out titled "In".

A separate edition The Sunday Times is published on Sundays.

International editions[edit]

A specific Myanmar and Brunei edition of this paper was launched on 25 March 2014 and 30 October 2014. It is published daily with local newspaper printers on licence with SPH. This paper is distributed on ministries, businesses, major hotels, airlines, bookshops and supermarkets on major cities and target sales to local and foreign businessmen in both countries. Circulation of the Myanmar edition currently stands at 5,000 and 2,500 for the Brunei edition. The Brunei edition is currently sold at B$1 per copy and an All-in-One Straits Times package consisting of the print edition and full digital access via online, tablets and smartphones, will also be introduced in Brunei.[8][9]

Straits Times Online[edit]

Launched on 1 January 1994, The Straits Times' website was free of charge and granted access to all the sections and articles found in the print edition. On 1 January 2005, the online version began requiring registration and after a short period became a paid-access-only site. Currently, only people who subscribe to the online edition can read all the articles on the Internet, including the frequently updated "Latest News" section.

A free section, featuring a selection of news stories, is currently available at the site. Regular podcast, vodcast and twice-daily—mid-day and evening updates—radio-news bulletins are also available for free online.

Preservation[edit]

In July 2007, the National Library Board signed an agreement with the Singapore Press Holdings to digitise the archives of The Straits Times going back to its founding in 1845. The archived materials are held in the Lee Kong Chian Reference Library and are available to the public through microfilm.[76]

Community programmes[edit]

The Straits Times School Pocket Money Fund[edit]

The Straits Times School Pocket Money Fund was initiated on 1 October 2000 by The Straits Times, to heighten public awareness of the plight of children from low-income families who were attending school without proper breakfast, or pocket money to sustain their day in school.[77] The aim is to alleviate the financial burden faced by parents in providing for their children's education. At the same time the funds will help children who are already facing difficulties in remaining in school to stay on.

The Straits Times Schools[edit]

The Straits Times Schools is a news desk created to encourage youth readership and interest in news and current affairs.[78] Launched in 2004, the programme was initially known as The Straits Times Media Club. Youth newspapers, IN and Little Red Dot are produced on a weekly basis for secondary and primary school students respectively, whose schools would have to subscribe in bulk.[79] Students will receive their papers every Monday together with the main broadsheet. On 7 March 2017, a digital IN app was launched, allowing parents, students and other individual ST subscribers to subscribe to IN weekly releases digitally.[80]

Public opinion[edit]

A 2020 Reuters Institute independent survey of 15 media outlets found that 73% of Singaporean respondents trusted reporting from The Straits Times, the second highest rating next to Channel NewsAsia (CNA), a local TV news channel.[81]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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Additional sources[edit]

  • Thio, HR and the Media in Singapore in HR and the Media, Robert Haas ed, Malaysia: AIDCOM 1996 69 at 72-5.

Further reading[edit]

  • Merrill, John C. and Harold A. Fisher. The world's great dailies: profiles of fifty newspapers (1980) pp 305–7
  • Turnbull, C. Mary. Dateline Singapore: 150 Years of The Straits Times (1995), published by Singapore Press Holdings
  • Cheong Yip Seng. OB Markers: My Straits Times Story (2012), published by Straits Times Press

External links[edit]