Edouard Glissant

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Edouard Glissant

Édouard Glissant (born September 21, 1928 in Bezaudin, Martinique , † February 3, 2011 in Paris ) was a French writer , poet and philosopher . He is considered an important author in the French-speaking Caribbean and one of the intellectual masterminds on questions of post-colonial identity and cultural theory .

biography

Édouard Glissant was born in a village in northeast Martinique, the son of a plantation manager. He spent most of his childhood in Lamentin . In the capital Fort-de-France he attended the Lycée Schoelcher . He came to Paris in 1946 on a grant from the French government. He studied philosophy, ethnology and literature at the Sorbonne and at the Musée de l'Homme . In the early 1950s, poems by Édouard Glissant appeared for the first time in the Anthologie de la Poésie Nouvelle . As the spokesman for the first congress of black writers and artists in Paris in 1956 and the second in Rome in 1959, Glissant was at the center of intellectual debates in those years. Glissant wrote for the journal Présence africaine and was accepted on the editorial board of Les Lettres nouvelles magazine . In 1958 he received the Prix ​​Renaudot for his first novel La Lézarde (Eng .: The Flash Flood). He soon joined artistic and literary circles and was involved in anti-colonialist movements. He has published poems, novels, essays and plays. In 1965 Glissant returned to his homeland and founded the Institut d'Études Martiniquaises as a cultural and research center. From 1980 to 1988 Glissant worked as editor-in-chief of the UNESCO courier . From 1995 to 2007 he was a professor at the Graduate Center of City University New York . He lived alternately in Martinique and Paris; there he died on February 3, 2011.

Glissants terms

Most of the population of the densely populated Caribbean is made up of descendants of slaves from Africa. As a lyricist and novelist, Glissant researched the roots and traces of these slaves and revived old myths and legends. His long poem Les Indes , comprising 65 stanzas , became famous in which he described the history of the many "India" ("India" in the plural: in the sense of " East India ", as the " New World " and especially in the sense of " West India " “) Designed as a history of violence as well as resistance and the indomitable pride of the oppressed.

As a cultural politician, Glissant has primarily dealt with cultural identity outside the European context. His influence on the literature of the “Third World” is based not least on the fact that with Shattered Worlds he established an aesthetic of cultural diversity.

“Édouard Glissant develops his ideas based on the landscape. Keeping an eye on this may make it easier to understand. Martinique is the microcosm in which he developed his theory of relationship, initially under the influence of colonial rule. The model was the relationship between the master and the slave, which were inextricably linked in the system of slavery, which later continued to have an effect between the colonial master and the colonized. "

Since the end of the 1950s, Glissant was the main initiator of the “Antillität” (French Antillanité ) movement for a cultural and political unity in the Caribbean. In the face of bloody strikes in Martinique, the now well-known writer and Paul Niger established the Antillo-Guyanais Front with the aim of achieving political independence for the Caribbean department. This was banned a little later by the French government De Gaulle and Glissant, as its initiator, banned from Martinique and Guadeloupe for several years .

The formulation of the terms “creolization” (French: créolisation ) and “all-world” (French: Tout-Monde ) make this author one of the Antillean masterminds of today's multiculturalism debate. From the analysis of creolization, Glissant gains a social model of universal importance. “If you take an African rhythm and western instruments, saxophone, violin, piano, trombone, then you have jazz . I call that creolization. I'm sure that Asians and Hispanics, whites and blacks in the cities of California will someday produce something new that will be just as wonderful as jazz. ”“ No culture today is isolated from the others. There are no such things as pure cultures, that would be ridiculous. The trace of life is not laid by the identical, but by the different. The same thing produces: nothing. It starts with genetics. Two cells of the same type cannot produce anything new. And it's the same in culture. "

What Glissant calls the “poetics of relationship” ( Poétique de la Relation ) stands for a human identity that is defined by the diversity of relationships and not by an ethnic one, namely ancestry. In this context he differentiates between “globalization” (French mondialization ) and “globality” (French mondialité ): “What is called globalization is the lowest level of alignment, the rule of multinational corporations, standardization and unregulated liberalism the markets of the world. But for me it is just the other side of a wonderful reality that I call globality. ”Globality and globalization are two sides of the same phenomenon. By “globalization” Glissant means the capitalist project of multinational corporations and the related cultural leveling (standardization). The globality , however, mountains productive potential through creative interaction between cultures. This creates complex cultures ( cultures composites ).

Works in French

Essays

  • Soleil de la conscience (Poétique I). Nouvelle édition. Gallimard, Paris 1956.
  • Le Discours antillais. Gallimard, Paris 1981/1997.
  • Poétique de la Relation. (Poétique III). Gallimard, Paris 1990.
  • Discours de Glendon. Suivi d'une bibliography des écrits d'Edouard Glissant établie par Alain Baudot. Ed. du GREF, Toronto 1990.
  • Introduction à une poétique du diverse. (1995) Gallimard, Paris 1996.
  • Faulkner, Mississippi. Stock, Paris 1996; Gallimard (folio), Paris 1998.
  • Traité du Tout-Monde. (Poétique IV). Gallimard, Paris 1997.
  • La Cohee du Lamentin. (Poétique V). Gallimard, Paris 2005.
  • Une nouvelle région du monde. (Esthetique I). Gallimard, Paris 2006.
  • Mémoires des esclavages. With a preface by Dominique de Villepin . Gallimard, Paris 2007.
  • Quand les murs tombent. L'identité national hors-la-loi? (With Patrick Chamoiseau .) Galaade, Paris 2007.
  • La terre magnétique: les errances de Rapa Nui, l'île de Pâques. (With Sylvie Séma). Seuil, Paris 2007.
  • Les entretiens de baton rouge. (With Alexandre Leupin.) Gallimard, Paris 2008.
  • Manifestos pour les “produits” de haute nécessité, Martinique-Guadeloupe-Guyane-Réunion. signataires: Ernest Breleur, Patrick Chamoiseau , Serge Domi, Gérard Delver, Édouard Glissant, Guillaume Pigeard de Gurbert, Olivier Portecop, Olivier Pulvar, Jean-Claude William. Éditions Galaade / l'Institut du Tout-Monde, Paris 2009.
  • L'intraitable beauté du monde. Address à Barack Obama. (With Patrick Chamoiseau .) Galaade, Paris 2009.
  • Philosophy de la relation, poésie en étendue. Gallimard, Paris 2009.
  • 10th of May. Mémoires de la traite négrière, de l'esclavage et de leurs abolitions. Éditions Galaade, Paris 2010.

Poems

  • La Terre inquiète. Lithographs by Wilfredo Lam. Éditions du Dragon, Paris 1955.
  • Le Sel Noir. Seuil, Paris 1960.
  • Les Indes, Un Champ d'îles, La Terre inquiète. Seuil, Paris 1965.
  • L'Intention poétique. (1969) (Poétique II). New edition Gallimard, Paris 1997.
  • Boises; histoire naturelle d'une aridité. Acoma, Fort-de-France 1979.
  • Le Sel noir; Le Sang rivé; Boises. Poésie Gallimard, Paris 1983.
  • Pays rêvé, pays réel. Seuil, Paris 198.
  • Fasts. Ed. du GREF, Toronto 1991.
  • Poèmes complets. (Le Sang rivé; Un Champ d'îles; La Terre inquiète; Les Indes; Le Sel noir; Boises; Pays rêvé, pays réel; Fastes; Les Grands chaos). Gallimard, Paris 1994.
  • Le Monde incréé: Conte de ce que fut la Tragédie d'Askia; Parabole d'un Moulin de Martinique; La FoliCélat. Gallimard, Paris 2000.
  • La Terre le feu l'eau et les vents: an anthologie de la poésie du Tout-monde. Galaade, Paris 2010.

prose

  • La Lézarde (1958) new edition. Gallimard, Paris 1997; Presses Nationales d'Haïti, Port-au-Prince 2007.
  • Le Quatrième Siècle. (1964) Gallimard, Paris 1997.
  • Malemort . (1975). New edition Gallimard, Paris 1997.
  • La Case du commandeur. (1981) Nouvelle éd, Gallimard, Paris 1997.
  • Mahogany . (1987). Nouvelle édition, Gallimard, Paris 1997.
  • Tout moons. Gallimard, Paris 1995.
  • Sartorius: le roman des Batoutos. Gallimard, Paris 1999
  • Ormerod. .ä Gallimard, Paris 2003.

theatre

  • Monsieur Toussaint. (1961) Nouvelle édition, Gallimard, Paris 1998.

Works in German translation

Essays

  • The magnetic land. The odyssey of Easter Island Rapa Nui. Translated from Beate Thill. Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-88423-342-9 .
  • Culture and identity. Approaches to a poetics of multiplicity. Translated from Beate Thill. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-88423-242-8 .
  • Treatise on the World. Translated from Beate Thill. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-88423-154-5 .
  • Faulkner Mississippi. Translated from Beate Thill. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1997, ISBN 3-88423-124-3 .
  • Splintered worlds. The discourse of the Antilles. Translated by Beate Thill, Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-88423-041-7 .

Poems

  • Black salt. Translator, epilogue Beate Thill. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-88423-193-6 .
  • Poems (The eyes, the voice, Carthage, land). In: ad libitum. Collection. Dispersion, 8; Translated by Klaus Laabs. Verlag Volk und Welt, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-353-00375-4 , pp. 324-332.

prose

  • The explorers of the night. Translated from Beate Thill. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1991, ISBN 3-88423-070-0 .
  • Mahogany. Translated from Beate Thill. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1989, ISBN 3-88423-057-3 .
  • The overseer's hut. Translated from Beate Thill. Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 1983, ISBN 3-88423-030-1 .
  • Flash flood [La Lézarde]. Translated by Paul Baudisch. Kindler, Munich 1959, 1979 ISBN 3-463-00153-5 .

literature

  • Wolfgang Bader: Aesthetic Locations by a Caribbean Author. On the work of Edouard Glissant. In: Reinhard Sander (ed.): The Caribbean area between self-determination and external determination. Peter Lang, Bern 1984, ISBN 3-8204-8078-1 , pp. 237-255.
  • Britta van Kempen: The Antillanian imaginaire “in the mirror” of the story. The metahistoriographic fictions in the novel by Edouard Glissant, Daniel Maximin and Patrick Chamoiseau . Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation (IKO), Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-88939-806-5 .
  • Torsten König: Glissants "pensée archipélique". Between metaphor and poetic principle. In: Gesine Müller, Susanne Stemmler (eds.): Space, Movement, Passage. Postcolonial Francophone literatures. Gunter Narr, Tübingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8233-6515-0 , pp. 113-130.
  • Helke Kuhn: Rhizomes, ramifications, fractals: networked writing and composing in the work of Édouard Glissant. Weidler, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-89693-728-5 .
  • Luciano C. Picanço: Vers un concept de littérature nationale martiniquaise. Evolution de la litterature martiniquaise au XXème siècle. Une étude sur l'oeuvre d ' Aimé Césaire , Édouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant . Peter Lang, Bern 2000, ISBN 0-8204-5030-8 .
  • Christian Uwe: Le discours Choral. Essai sur l'œuvre romanesque d'Édouard Glissant. Series: Littératures de langue française, 28. Peter Lang, Bern 2017, doi : 10.3726 / b11703

Web links

notes

  1. ^ Claudia Ortner-Buchberger: Edouard Glissant. The Caribbean discourse - a poetics of interculturality . In: Matices , ISSN  1861-3934 , Vol. 10 (2003), Issue 39, pp. 29-31.
  2. ^ Carminella Biondi: "Les Indes" d'Édouard Glissant: you rêve avorté à l'alchimie d'un monde nouveau. In: Titus Heydenreich (ed.): Columbus between two worlds. Vervuert, Frankfurt am Main 1992, Vol. 2, ISBN 3-89354-730-4 , pp. 825-831.
  3. ↑ Natascha Ueckmann: Trauma and Opacity: Edouard Glissant. In: LiteraturNachrichten. Africa - Asia - Latin America. ISSN  0935-7807 , vol. 30 (2010), issue 117, pp. 4-7.
  4. ↑ Beate Thill: Glissants terms and their definitions in French and German. In: Édouard Glissant: Culture and Identity. Verlag Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2005, p. 71.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Bader: Aesthetic Locations of a Caribbean Author - On the Work of Edouard Glissant. In: Reinhard Sander (ed.): The Caribbean area between self-determination and external determination. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1984, pp. 237-255, here p. 246.
  6. ↑ Édouard Glissant, quoted from Andreas Dorschel : Non-System and All-World. Édouard Glissant on the erratic search for identity. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of December 2, 2005, p. 18 (Review of culture and identity. Approaches to a poetics of multiplicity ).
  7. ↑ Édouard Glissant, quoted from Werner Bloch: The archipelago thinking. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of October 22, 2007.
  8. ↑ Martin Zähringer: The philosopher on the island. Edouard Glissant discovers the imaginary worlds of the archipelagos. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung from April 23, 2010.
  9. ↑ Édouard Glissant: Repetitions. In: Manfred Metzner, Michael M. Thoss (eds.): Pierre Verger . Black gods in exile. Photographs. Verlag Das Wunderhorn, Heidelberg 2004, ISBN 3-88423-223-1 , pp. 278–280, here p. 278.
personal data
SURNAME Glissant, Édouard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French writer, poet and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1928
PLACE OF BIRTH Bezaudin, Martinique
DATE OF DEATH February 3, 2011
Place of death Paris