Aimé Césaire

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Aimé Césaire 2003

Aimé Fernand David Césaire (born June 26, 1913 in Basse-Pointe , Martinique , † April 17, 2008 in Fort-de-France ) was an Afro-Caribbean-French writer and politician ( PPM ). Together with Léopold Sédar Senghor and Léon-Gontran Damas, he founded the concept of Négritude . From 1983 to 1986 he was President of the Martinique Regional Council .

life and work

Aimé Césaire was born into a large, simple family. At the age of 18, he was awarded a scholarship for his academic achievements. So from 1931 he was able to attend the elite high school Louis-le-Grand in Paris. There Léopold Sédar Senghor was his classmate. Together they read the writings of the German ethnologist Leo Frobenius and founded the group “L'Etudiant noir” ( The Black Student ) and in 1934 the magazine of the same name, which analyzed and criticized French colonialism. In 1935, Césaire was admitted to the École normal supérieure elite university . After completing his studies, he returned to Martinique in 1938. He worked as a teacher at the Lycée Schoelcher in Fort-de-France.

Aimé Césaire was the author of numerous volumes of poetry and essays - among them the speech On Colonialism , which was never given, but had a momentous text - as well as several plays.

At the same time, Aimé Césaire was the most important politician in Martinique in the 20th century. In 1945 he was elected mayor of Fort-de-France. He held this office for 56 years, until 2001. In the same year 1945 he was also elected to the French Assemblée constituante (constituent assembly) and from 1946 as a member of the French Communist Party (PCF) to the French National Assembly (re-elected continuously until 1993 ). He persuaded his party to vote in the vote on the future status of Martinique and Guadeloupe on March 19, 1946 that the previous Caribbean colonies should be classified as overseas departments (Département d'Outre Mer / DOM). Because he believed the fate of his homeland would be best protected by a left-wing French government. In 1956 he resigned from the PCF. He founded the Parti Progressiste Martiniquais (PPM), a left-wing party that sought an autonomous Martinique in the French state. In 1978 he joined the socialists . From 1983 to 1986 he was President of the Martinique Regional Council .

Quotes

His personal judgment on colonialism and imperialism :

“The colonizer who sees an animal in the other person only to give himself a calm conscience, this colonizer is objectively brought to transform himself into an animal. ... I am told of progress and cured diseases. But I speak of trodden cultures, [...] of thousands of sacrificed people. ... I speak of millions of people who have been skillfully impressed with the tremor, the kneeling, the despair [...]. "

His vision of the integration of all peoples and cultures :

"No race has the monopoly of beauty, intelligence, strength // there is room for everyone at the rendezvous of victory."

About the Holocaust :

“Yes, it would be worth the effort to subject the behavior of Hitler and Hitlerism to a detailed clinical study and to inform the oh-so distinguished, oh-so humane, oh-so-Christian citizen of the twentieth century that Hitler 'lives' in him, that Hitler his 'demon' is that when he reprimands him, he betrays a lack of logic, and that basically what he does not forgive Hitler, not the 'crime' per se, the 'crime against human beings', that it is not 'The humiliation of man himself', but that it is the crime against white people, that it is the humiliation of white people and the application of colonialist practices to Europe, which so far only the Arabs of Algeria, the coolies in India and the negroes of Africa were exposed. "

Fonts

poetry

  • Cahier d'un retour au pays natal 1939
  • Les armes miraculeuses . 1946
  • Soleil cou coupe . 1947
  • Corps perdu . 1950
  • Sun daggers. Poignards du Soleil . Poetry from the Antilles. Wolfgang Rothe, Heidelberg 1956
  • Ferrements . 1960
  • Cadastre . 1961
  • Moi, laminaire . 1982
  • Poetry album No. 231: Aimé Césaire . Translated by Janheinz Jahn, Klaus Laabs, Brigitte Weidmann. New Life Publishing House , Berlin 1986
  • Übers. Brigitte Weidmann: Poems . Afterword by Michel Leiris . Carl Hanser, Munich 1987 ISBN 3-446-13920-6
  • Every island is a widow . Translated by Klaus Laabs, Brigitte Weidmann. Verlag Volk und Welt , Berlin 1989 ISBN 3-353-00563-3
  • La poésie . Seuil, Paris 1994 ISBN 2-02-021232-3

theatre

  • La tragédie du roi Christophe . 1963
  • Une Saison au Congo . 1966
  • Une tempête. (after William Shakespeare ) 1969
    • Übers. Monika Kind: A storm , play for a black theater. Wagenbach, Berlin 1970
  • Et les chiens se taisaient

Essays

literature

  • Thomas A. Hale: Les écrits d'Aimé Césaire. Bibliography commentée. Études françaises 14 / 3-4, octobre 1978. Les Presses de l ' Université de Montréal ISBN 0-8405-0419-5 , ISSN  0014-2085
  • Lilyan Kesteloot: Comprendre le "Cahier d'un retour au pays natal" d'Aimé Césaire . Saint-Paul 1982 ISBN 2-85049-243-4
  • John Gaffar LaGuerre: Enemies of Empire . University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, around 1982, without ISBN, available in the Ibero-American Institute of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in Berlin
  • Jean-Claude Bajeux: Antilia retrouvée. Claude McKay, Luis Palès Matos, Aimé Césaire, poètes noirs antillais . Ed. Caribéennes, Paris 1983 ISBN 2-903033-45-5
  • Soleil Eclaté. Mélanges offerts à Aime Césaire à l'occasion de son soixante-dixième anniversaire par une équipe internationale d'artistes et de chercheurs . Gunter Narr, Tübingen 1984
  • Aimé Césaire ou l'athanor d'un alchimiste. Actes du premier colloque international sur l'oeuvre littéraire d'Aimé Césaire. Ed. Caribéennes Paris 1987 ISBN 2-903033-94-3
  • Ernstpeter Ruhe: Aimé Césaire et Janheinz Jahn. Les débuts du théâtre césairien. La nouvelle version de "Et le chiens se taisaient" , Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1990 ISBN 3-88479-515-5
  • Josaphat B. Kubayand: The Poet's Africa. Africanness in the Poetry of Nicolás Guillén and Aimé Césaire . Greenwood Press, New York 1990 ISBN 0-313-26298-5 ISSN  0069-9624
  • Victor M. Hountondji, Le Cahier d'Aimé Césaire. Evénement littéraire et facteur de révolution . L'Harmattan Paris 1993 ISBN 2-7384-1965-8 ISSN  1242-5974
  • Buata B. Malela, Les écrivains afro-antillais à Paris (1920-1960). Stratégies et postures identitaires . coll.Lettres du Sud, Karthala, Paris 2008 ISBN 978-2-84586-979-0
  • Buata B. Malela, Aimé Césaire. Le fil et la trame: critique et figuration de la colonialité du pouvoir . Anibwe, Paris 2009 ISBN 978-2-916121-19-2
  • Gregson Davis, Aimé Césaire . Cambridge University Press 1997 ISBN 0-521-39072-9
  • Luciano C. Picanço: Vers un concept de littérature nationale martiniquaise. Evolution de la litterature martiniquaise au XXème siècle. Une étude sur l'œuvre d'Aimé Césaire, Édouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant , Peter Lang Publishing New York 2000, ISBN 0-8204-5030-8
  • Karin Sekora: The way to Kem't. Intertextuality and discursive field in Aimé Césaire's "Cahier d'un retour au pays natal". Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2000 ISBN 3-8260-1673-4
  • Patrice Louis: A, B, C… ésaire. Aime Cesaire de A à Z . Ibis Rouge Éditions, Martinique 2003 ISBN 2-84450-200-8
  • Kora Véron, Thomas A. Hale: Les écrits d'Aimé Césaire. Bibliography commentée (1913–2008), 2 Vol., Honoré Chamipn éditeur, Paris 2013 ISBN 978-2-7453-2520-4
  • Ernstpeter Ruhe: Une oeuvre mobile. Aimé Césaire dans les pays germanophones 1950 - 2015. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2015 ISBN 978-3-8260-5787-8

Web links

Commons : Aime Cesaire  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Walter Schomers: Advancing into a new reality of seeing. On the death of the Négritude lyricist and dramatist Aimé Césaire . Neue Zürcher Zeitung , April 18, 2008
  2. ↑ a b Joseph Hanimann: J'accepte. On the death of the Martinican author Aimé Césaire . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of April 18, 2008, p. 36.
  3. ^ Gert Eisenbürger: Poet, fighter, politician. Farewell to Aimé Césaire . In: ila . Journal of the Information Center Latin America , ISSN  0946-5057 , Issue 315 (May 2008), pp. 50–53, here p. 50.
  4. ↑ Ernest Moutoussamy: Aimé Césaire, député à l'Assemblée nationale, 1945-1993 . L'Harmattan, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-7384-2255-1 .
  5. ↑ Ulrich Fleischmann : At the end of the French dream. The Caribbean poet and politician Áimé Cesáire has played many roles in his long life. An obituary . In: Latin America News , ISSN  0174-6324 , vol. 35 (2008), issue 408, pp. 57–58, here p. 58.
  6. ^ Gert Eisenbürger: Poet, fighter, politician. Farewell to Aimé Césaire . In: ila , issue 315 (May 2008), pp. 50–53, here p. 51.
  7. ^ Gert Eisenbürger: Poet, fighter, politician. Farewell to Aimé Césaire . In: ila , issue 315 (May 2008), pp. 50–53, here p. 52.
  8. ↑ Amin Césaire: About colonialism . Wagenbach, Berlin 1968, pp. 21-23.
  9. ↑ Amin Césaire: Back to the land of birth . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt a. M. 1967, p. 91.
  10. ↑ Aimé Césaire: About colonialism , Wagenbach, Berlin 1968, p. 12. Source: Discours sur le Colonialisme , 1950, éd. Présence africaine, 1989, ISBN 2708705318 , p. 13f
  11. ↑ the poem of the same name contained here, also as notes from a homecoming , together with other texts in an anthology by Jahn: Schwarzer Orpheus . Carl Hanser, Munich 1954; furthermore records of a return to the land of birth in each island is widow in the publishing house Volk und Welt , see below
  12. ↑ German in selection in An Afrika. Poems. Bilingual. Hanser, Munich 1968
  13. ↑ German in selection in An Afrika. Poems. Hanser, Munich 1968
  14. ↑ German in selection in An Afrika. Poems. Hanser, Munich 1968
  15. ↑ German in selection in An Afrika. Poems. Hanser, Munich 1968
  16. ↑ Inadequate trans
  17. ↑ Available online from all public libraries in Germany, free of charge, customer access data required
personal data
SURNAME Césaire, Aimé
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Césaire, Aimé Fernand David (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Afro-Caribbean-French writer and politician, member of the National Assembly
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Basse-Pointe , Martinique
DATE OF DEATH April 17, 2008
Place of death Fort-de-France