Łaznowska Wola

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Łaznowska Wola
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Łaznowska Wola (Poland)
Łaznowska Wola
Łaznowska Wola
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Łódź
Powiat : Tomaszowski
Gmina : Rokiciny
Geographic location : 51 ° 39 ′  N , 19 ° 45 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 39 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 688 (March 31, 2011)
Telephone code : (+48) 44
License plate : ETM



Łaznowska Wola (German Grömbach or Grünbach ) is a place in the Gmina Rokiciny , in the Łódź Voivodeship , in Poland . It is located about 24 km northwest of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 25 km southeast of the voivodeship capital Łódź .

history

Already at the beginning of the 16th century there was a village called Helszczyna Wola in the area of ​​today's place Łaznowska Wola , which belonged to the Catholic parish Laznów . In 1576 there was an inn, a mill and 18 buildings in this place. What became of this village is not known, it is not mentioned in the publications and apparently also in the files on the establishment of Grömbach (Łaznowska Wola). Possibly the place was desolate at that time , because the later Grömbach is said to have been laid out in an area with "partly good, partly mediocre soil", which is surprising soil quality for a settlement at that time.

With the second partition of Poland in 1793, the area around Lodz became a part of Prussia and Friedrich Wilhelm III. settled German colonists from 1800, who came mainly from Württemberg .

The settlement, which was initially called Grömbach, was founded in 1800 by Swabian colonists from the area around Grömbach . (Originally the first settler families to arrive had to be placed in a less favorable place in the Sobiener (Sobyner) forest near Zgierz .) The settlers had been given six years of tax exemption and should therefore start paying their hereditary interest on December 1, 1806. Since they were not yet able to do this due to adverse circumstances, they could have been exempted from this in the event of an emergency, according to §15 of the agreement.

After Prussia's defeat by Napoleon in 1806, the region was incorporated into the newly formed Duchy of Warsaw , a satellite state of France, and the taxes had to be paid, which drove many into great need. Many of the original settlers then left their property, sold it and either moved to Volhynia or back to their original homeland.

For the Grömbach settlers, very uneasy times followed, first the Fifth Coalition War in 1809 and then Napoleon's Russian campaign in 1812, initially with troop moves and requisitions , then with the returning disbanded troops and the subsequent Russian occupation.

When the Russians came to the country in 1813, many German settlers found themselves in a desperate situation, so that the advertising campaign of the Russian state for emigration to Bessarabia fell on fertile ground. Especially in the years 1814 and 1815, many families moved away, so that some villages lost a large part of their inhabitants. The department of Łaznów and the state colony of Grömbach (Łaznowska Wola) located in it were particularly hard hit , presumably because Bernhard Boneth and Martin Voßler, the leaders of an emigration train of 138 families in 1814, came from there. Most of the colonists sold their settler positions, but many moved away simply because they were in debt or because nobody wanted to take the positions.

Almost all of the land that was freed in this way became the property of farmers who had migrated from Pomerania and followed the Swabian settlers.

Under Russian rule, the village was named Lasnowskaja Wolja - Laznów Freedom - because the farmers were free from forced labor on the Laznów estate, which in Polish became Łaznowska Wola .

In 1825 there were 82 fire places in the village, ten years later there were 83 places, of which only 78 were occupied. This decline is probably related to the November Revolution of 1830/31, which - in addition to the losses from hunger and epidemics - caused many German families from the region to emigrate.

At the end of the 19th century there were still 82 houses in the village. At that time Łaznowska Wola belonged to what was then gmina Mikolajów .

During the First World War , Łaznowska Wola was badly devastated in 1914 during the Battle of Łódź . When the Russian units withdrew from Łódź, they took the route through Grömbach. When the villagers, who had initially fled, returned after 12 days, the barns and stables had been looted and the home furnishings destroyed. A barn had burned down and the church badly damaged and its tower demolished. In the following years the church was rebuilt.

At the end of May 1937, a major fire destroyed more than 20 properties in Łaznowska Wola.

Since the second half of the 19th century, some Polish farmers bought farms in Łaznowska Wola, and then increasingly after the end of the First World War, so that in 1939 out of 90 farms ten were owned by Polish families.

The school

The German-speaking village school was created at the same time as the place. The first school building did not last long, however, and burned down in August 1805. The wooden successor building, which was also used as a prayer house, was demolished in 1895 and replaced by a new schoolhouse. In 1866 the village school had already been converted into a state elementary school. From 1925 to 1932 the school had two classes and there was a second teacher in town, after which it was again one class. In the school year 1932/33 the school was attended by 95 children, the language of instruction was still German.

The branch church

At the same time as the village was founded, the construction of a church was already planned. In July 1805 the cost estimate was approved, but because of the changed political situation - the Prussians withdrew in 1806 - it was no longer implemented. So the place was parish after Brzeziny and initially the school was used as a prayer house. In 1815 Łaznowska Wola became the seat of a cantorate . In 1856 the local evangelicals applied for the establishment of their own parish, but this was not approved. Nevertheless, a church of its own was built around 1868. In 1903 they tried again to establish a branch, but again without success. It was not until January 1, 1928 that the branch parish Łaznowska Wola was founded and the evangelical parish Brzeziny assigned the places Cisów , Łaznów , Nowe Chrusty and Pogorzałe Ługi , as well as Będków from the parish Petrikau and Karpin and Kozice from the parish Pabianice .

The pastors of the branch church Łaznowska Wola were

Eduard Kneifel (1928)
Ernst Ludwig (1929–1930)
Adolf Doberstein (1930–1932)
Wilhelm Ostermann (1932–1945)

Historical descriptions of the place

Kossmann describes the place as follows: Because they were Prussian officials, exactly half a hundred forest areas were prepared in two parallel rows [in 1800]. [...] In 1801 the colony was enlarged. Twenty-one little Büdner places were created for ten acres. A few years later, seven more such positions were added.

Heike gives a similar description : The village was laid out in the line form preferred by the Prussian administration: two lines, each 5 km long, run parallel to each other from south to north at a distance of about one kilometer; in the southern part they are interrupted by a transverse line. The Hüfner steles are set up on the two main lines and the Häusler steles on the cross line.

And elsewhere: The report is a hand drawing [of the planned village] by the [head of the settlement] v. Colomb attached. Thereafter, the village consists for the time being of 50 [two-man] posts. 10 acres are separated from points 24 and 25 at the intersection of the main paths, namely:

6 mornings for the preaching position,
1 morning for the little church,
4 mornings for school,
3 acres for the forge,
4 acres for the shepherd's house and the community orchard,
2 acres for the cemetery.

The description of Kneifel from 1933 differs in some points: The village was laid out in three lines [streets]. The richer hosts live on the main line, which goes from north to south; Running parallel to the main street is a street called "Zehnmorgen", where smaller innkeepers have settled down. The two street lines are about 5 klm. long. It cuts through a third line (1 1/2 Klm. Long), which runs from the main line to the east. The residents call it the "cross line" along which the Tomaszów - Lodz road runs. Only smaller farms are due to it.

Population development

1825: 732 inhabitants
1835: about 521 inhabitants (78 colonists + 323 members + about 30% servants )
End of the 19th century: 986 inhabitants
In 1935 there were still around 840 Germans living in Łaznowska Wola.

See also

literature

  • Grömbach - Łaznowska Wola , in: Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, pp. 40-60
  • Filialgemeinde Łaznowska Wola , in: Eduard Kneifel: The parish Brzeziny . For the 100th anniversary celebration of the ev.-luth. Church in Brzeziny on September 10, 1933 , Brzeziny 1933, pp. 79-83
  • FILIAL ŁAZNOWSKA-WOLA , in: Eduard Kneifel: The Evangelical-Augsburg congregations in Poland 1555–1939 . Vierkirchen 1971, p. 149f.
  • Grömbach , in: Oskar Kossmann: Ein Lodzer Heimatbuch , Hanover 1967, pp. 85–87
  • Brandes Detlef: Adopted by the tsars, the German colonists and the Balkan settlers in New Russia and Bessarabia 1751-1914
  • Writings of the Federal Institute for Culture and History of Germans in Eastern Europe, Vol. 2, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, 1993, ISBN 978-3-486-56014-5

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on July 6, 2017
  2. ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Volume XII, page 790
  3. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 41.
  4. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 51.
  5. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 40.
  6. ^ Oskar Kossmann: The Germans in Poland since the Reformation. Marburg 1978, p. 310.
  7. ↑ Albert Breyer: The German villages around Lodz. with map of German settlements in the area around Lodz. in: German monthly books in Poland, magazine for the past and present of Germanness in Poland, volume 2 (12), issue 5/6, November / December 1935, p. 204.
  8. ^ A b Oskar Kossmann: Germans in the middle of Poland. Our ancestors at the loom of history. Berlin / Bonn 1985, p. 156.
  9. ^ A b Oskar Kossmann: Germans in the middle of Poland. Our ancestors at the loom of history. Berlin / Bonn 1985, p. 157.
  10. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 53f.
  11. ↑ Origin of the Bessarabian families: The Warsaw colonists . August 3, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  12. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 54.
  13. ↑ a b c d Filialgemeinde Łaznowska Wola , in: Eduard Kneifel: The parish Brzeziny. For the 100th anniversary celebration of the ev.-luth. Church in Brzeziny on September 10, 1933 , Brzeziny 1933, p. 79.
  14. ^ A b c Oskar Kossmann: The Germans in Poland since the Reformation. Marburg 1978, p. 371.
  15. ^ Oskar Kossmann: The Germans in Poland since the Reformation. Marburg 1978, p. 331.
  16. ↑ a b Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Volume V, page 624
  17. ↑ Filialgemeinde Łaznowska Wola , in: Eduard Kneifel: The parish Brzeziny. For the 100th anniversary celebration of the ev.-luth. Church in Brzeziny on September 10, 1933 , Brzeziny 1933, p. 81.
  18. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 55.
  19. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 57.
  20. ^ A b Eduard Kneifel: The Evangelical Augsburg congregations in Poland 1555-1939. Vierkirchen 1971, p. 150.
  21. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 56.
  22. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 48.
  23. ^ A b Oskar Kossmann: Ein Lodzer Heimatbuch , Hannover 1967, p. 86.
  24. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 50.
  25. ↑ Filialgemeinde Łaznowska Wola , in: Eduard Kneifel: The parish Brzeziny. For the 100th anniversary celebration of the ev.-luth. Church in Brzeziny on September 10, 1933 , Brzeziny 1933, p. 83.
  26. ↑ a b Filialgemeinde Łaznowska Wola , in: Eduard Kneifel: The parish Brzeziny. For the 100th anniversary celebration of the ev.-luth. Church in Brzeziny on September 10, 1933 , Brzeziny 1933, p. 80.
  27. ^ Eduard Kneifel: The Evangelical Augsburg congregations in Poland 1555-1939. Vierkirchen 1971, p. 149.
  28. ↑ Elsewhere (1933) Kneifel writes that the church was built in 1863/64, but this information reflects his later state of knowledge.
  29. ↑ Filialgemeinde Łaznowska Wola , in: Eduard Kneifel: The parish Brzeziny. For the 100th anniversary celebration of the ev.-luth. Church in Brzeziny on September 10, 1933 , Brzeziny 1933, p. 81f.
  30. ^ Oskar Kossmann: Ein Lodzer Heimatbuch , Hannover 1967, p. 85f.
  31. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 49.
  32. ^ Otto Heike: 150 Years of Swabian Settlements in Poland 1795–1945. Leverkusen 1979, p. 43.
  33. ^ Oskar Kossmann: The Germans in Poland since the Reformation. Marburg 1978, p. 294.
  34. ^ Map distribution of the Germans and their rural property in the Lodz area , in: Oskar Kossmann: Lodz. A historical-geographical analysis , Würzburg 1966.