Əliağa Şıxlinski

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Əliağa Şıxlinski (1910)

Əliağa İsmayılağa oğlu Şıxlinski (Germanized Äliaga Schichlinski , Russian Али-Ага Исмаил-Ага оглы Шихлинский Ali Aga Ismail Aga ogly Schichlinski ; * 3. March 1863 in the village Qazaxlı (now Aşağı Salahlı ) Government Elisawetpol , Russian Empire ; † 18th August 1943 in Baku , Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic ) was an Azerbaijani military commander, Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army , Deputy Minister of Defense and Artillery General of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR).

Because of his excellent military strategic skills and leadership qualities, Şıxlinski was honored as the "god of Russian artillery" during his lifetime.

biography

origin

Şıxlinski was born into the family of a small landowner. According to his own account, his paternal roots reached back to 1537. His mother Shah Jaman Chanum was the granddaughter of the famous Azerbaijani poet Molla Vali Vidadi (1709-1809).

Military career

Captain Şıxlinski (1905)

In 1876, Şıxlinski entered the military school in Tbilisi , where his extraordinary military talent came to the fore in a very short time. Although he did not speak Russian at first, Şıxlinski graduated from high school in 1883 with honors. He then continued his training as a junker at the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy in Saint Petersburg and showed himself not only as a capable student, but also as an excellent cavalryman and gymnast. After graduating in 1886, Şıxlinski was promoted to Podporutschik and assigned to the 39th Artillery Brigade stationed in Alexandropol (now Gyumri , Armenia ). From then on his steep military career began. In the course of military service in Gyumri, he was promoted to Porutschik , staff captain and commander of a training unit. In 1900, Captain Şıxlinski was transferred to Eastern Siberia as head of the Transbaikal Artillery Division . At the same time, as chairman of the artillery commission, he was responsible for the approval and appointment of battalion and division commanders. He also took part in the Tsarist Army's China Relief Expedition . For his services in the fight against the Chinese rebels during the Boxer Rebellion , Şıxlinski was awarded the Second Class Order of St. Stanislaus on May 1, 1901 .

Şıxlinski (center) together with artillery officers (Port-Arthur 1905)

At the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War , Şıxlinski held the position of a senior battery officer. After his compatriot, commander of the 2nd Transbaikal Battery Division, Colonel Səməd bəy Mehmandarov was transferred to Eastern Siberia as commander of the 7th artillery unit, Şıxlinski temporarily rose to the position of battery commander and participated in the Battle of Nanshan in May 1904, for which he was awarded the Order was awarded to Saint Anne in 2nd class. During the loss-making siege of Port-Arthur , Şıxlinski sustained a severe shrapnel wound in his leg in one of the Japanese frontal attacks on the Russian fortifications , but was continuously at the forefront. Despite the Russian defeat in this war, Şıxlnski's exploits were highly valued. In September 1905 he received the Russian Order of St. George 4th Class, the Merit Award of St. Vladimir 4th Class and the Golden Sword for Bravery .

Scheme of the "Şıxlinski triangle"

After advancing to lieutenant colonel in November 1905, Şıxlinski went to the officers' artillery school in Saint Petersburg in January 1906 to attend a preparatory course to become a commander for artillery batteries. He completed the training in August of the same year with the grade "excellent" and was appointed teacher at the same educational institution in early 1907. During this time he developed a special target designation, which later went into military textbooks as the "Şıxlinski triangle". In recognition of his services, he was promoted to colonel in November 1908 and advanced to major general in April 1913 with the function of deputy head of the officers' artillery school.

First World War

The wife of Şıxlinski and Azerbaijan's first nurse Nigar Şıxlinskaya

With the outbreak of World War I , Şıxlinski was appointed Defense Commander of Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) by decree of the Main Artillery Directorate. After Tsar Nicholas II had personally taken over the military leadership after successive failures at the front in August 1915, Şıxlinski was posted to the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief two months later , where the artillery staff was under his control. His duties included the establishment of heavy artillery divisions and brigades. In April 1916 he was appointed inspector of the artillery units on the Western Front. With the promotion to lieutenant general on April 2, 1917, Şıxlinskii was appointed commander of the imperial 10th army by order of the commander-in-chief .

Service in the Army of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan

Şıxlinski in Red Army uniform (February 1929)

Upon his arrival in Tbilisi at the end of 1917, Şıxlinski learned that he had been appointed commander of the newly formed Muslim (Azerbaijani) legion by resolution of the Transcaucasian Special Committee (TKS). After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (ARD), TKS was renamed the Azerbaijan Special Corps on June 26, 1918. In January 1919, Şıxlinski was appointed Deputy Defense Minister Səməd bəy Mehmandarov by the ADR government, and in June of the same year he was promoted to General of the Artillery of the Azerbaijani Army.

Red Army

After the violent suppression of the anti-Soviet uprising in Gəncə following the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in Azerbaijan in April 1920, almost all high-ranking officers of the defunct ADR, including Mehmandarov and Şıxlinski, were arrested. It was only saved from possible reprisals by the interference of the first Prime Minister of the Azerbaijan USSR Nəriman Nərimanov , who was able to convince Lenin in a letter that these were useful cadres for the Soviet army . At the beginning of August 1920, Şıxlinski was sent to Moscow , where he took up a new position in the directorate of the artillery inspector of the Red Army. At the same time he taught in the higher artillery school of the Soviet Army Command. But in July 1921 he was transferred to Baku again and got a new position in the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs. From 1922 Şıxlinski was the deputy chairman of the military science center of the Baku garrison, then assistant to the head of the Higher Military Command School. For the preparation and publication of the first “Russian-Azerbaijan Military Dictionary” he was awarded the certificate of honor of the Revolutionary War Council in 1926 .

Şıxlinski is considered to be one of the first Azerbaijanis to be awarded the French Legion of Merit , which he personally received from President Raymond Poincaré . In 1929 Şıxlinski ended his long military-academic career. He died in Baku on August 18, 1943.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ибрагимов С. Д .: Генерал Али Ага Шихлинский. Жизнь и деятельность . Баку 1975, p. 11 .
  2. ↑ Шихлинский А .: Мои воспоминания / Прим. Ш. А. Назирли . Азернешр, Баку 1984.
  3. ↑ Национальная Академия Наук Азербайджана. Музей истории Азербайджана (Ed.): Генералы Азербайджана. Каталог . Баку 2005, p. 62 .
  4. ↑ Mehman Suleymanov: The "God" of Russian Artillery- General Aliaga Shikhlinski . Ed .: Journal "Irs". No. 3 (31) , 2017, pp. 28 .
  5. ↑ Исмаилов Э. Э: Георгиевские кавалеры - Азербайджанцы . Москва 2005, p. 146 .
  6. ↑ Высочайшие приказы по Военному ведомству // Разведчик № 713 . 1904, p. 656 .
  7. ↑ Ларенко П. Н: Страдные дни Порт-Артура. Русско-японская война: Взгляд побежденных . Москва 2005, p. 411 .
  8. ↑ Э. Э. Исмаилов: Золотое оружие с надписью « За храбрость ». Списки кавалеров 1788–1913 . Москва 2007, p. 358 .
  9. ↑ Высочайшие приказы по военному ведомству. Разведчик № 865 . May 13, 1907.
  10. ↑ Залесский К. А: Первая мировая война: Биографический энциклопедический словарь. Военные тайны XX века . Вече, Москва 2000, ISBN 978-5-7838-0627-8 .
  11. ↑ Ибрагимов С. Д .: Генерал Али Ага Шихлинский. Жизнь и деятельность . Баку 1975, p. 42-43 .
  12. ↑ Барсуков Е. И .: Русская артиллерия в мировую войну . tape 1 . Москва 1938, p. 220-221 .
  13. ↑ Фонды РГВИА - Офицеры русской императорской армии. Retrieved June 22, 2018 (Russian).
  14. ↑ Мехман Сулейманов: Армия Азербайджана (1918–1920) . Баку 1998, p. 32 .
  15. ↑ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКАЯ ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКАЯ РЕСПУБЛИКА (1918–1920). Законодательные акты (Сборник документов). 1998, Retrieved June 22, 2018 (Russian).
  16. ↑ Ибрагимов С. Д .: Генерал Али Ага Шихлинский. Жизнь и деятельность . Баку 1975, p. 80-87 .
  17. ↑ Али Ага Шихлинский - Бог артиллерии. April 22, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2018 (Russian).
personal data
SURNAME Şıxlinski, Əliağa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Şıxlinski, Əliağa İsmayılağa oğlu (full name); Schichlinski, Ali-Aga Ismail-Aga ogly (Russian-Latin); Шихлинский, Али-Ага Исмаил-Ага оглы (Russian-Cyrillic); Schichlinski, Äliaga (Germanized)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Imperial Russian, Azerbaijani and Soviet officer
DATE OF BIRTH March 3, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Qazaxlı
DATE OF DEATH August 18, 1943
Place of death Baku