13 Lachter Stollen
| 13 Lachter Stollen | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Information about the mining company | |||
| Start of operation | 1526 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | |||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 49 '39 " N , 10 ° 16' 46" E | ||
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| Location | Mountain town of Wildemann | ||
| local community | The mining town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Goslar | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The 13-Lachter-Stollen (previously also called Tiefer Wildemann-Stollen ) is a water solution tunnel of the Upper Harz Mining and the oldest surviving mining facility in the Upper Harz .
The mouth of the tunnel is located in Wildemann (mountain and university town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld). From here it extends over a length of 8.9 km to the Caroline pit near Clausthal-Zellerfeld .
The 13-Lachter cleats in 2010 as part of the Upper Harz Water Regale for World Heritage of UNESCO appointed.
history
As early as the 14th century, the old man is said to have mined ore at the site of the later mouth hole , before the Black Death largely depopulated the Upper Harz in 1347 . In addition to the plague, the onset of a lack of wood and difficulties in keeping the water in the ever deeper mines meant that mining was brought to a standstill.
Use as a water solution tunnel
Between 1524 and 1526, Duke Heinrich the Younger initiated the resumption of mining activities at Wildemann. The tunnel was cleared and driven on during this period . From the beginning it was designed as a water solution tunnel .
After about twenty years, the work was stopped after only 714 laughs (1400 m) due to hard rock and insufficient ventilation . In 1551, a way of solving the fresh air problem was started with the Upper Wildemanns tunnel . As with the 13-Lachter tunnel, work on the 19 and later 16 Lachter tunnel had to be stopped due to the hardness of the rock.
In 1570 there were no alternatives, which is why the excavation of the tunnels was continued. The 19-Lachter-Stollen was later renamed the Getroster Hedwigstollen . Only by using mallets and irons was the 13-Lachter-tunnel driven from 1634 by the Stuffenthaler Gangzug to the Treuen Schacht and from there from 1693 to the pits of the Burgstätter Revier. The miners reached the Zellerfeld Revier around 1680. The distance from the mouth hole in Wildemann to the Clausthaler Markscheide was 2590 Lachter (4983 m) and from there to the pit Neue Benedicte and Prince Friedrich Ludwig a further 1580 Lachter (3040 m). The last section leads to the Caroline pit , which was reached in 1710 after a total length of 4630 pools (8907 m) at a depth of 73 pools (140 m).
The route from the Saxony House pit to the mouth hole was laid out with a smaller gradient than the rest of the tunnel in order to integrate an artificial bike into the tunnel, which received its impact water from the Jungfrau mine .
Until the completion of the Tiefen Georg tunnel in 1799, it was the deepest and most important water solution tunnel for the pits on the Zellerfelder , Rosenhöfer and Burgstätter Gangzug.
Until the middle of the 20th century, the "dissolved" water was fed to the Lautenthaler Kunstgraben for reinforcement. The water was used to drive water wheels and thus pumps, which could pump more water from even deeper pits.
Naming
The name 13-Lachter-Stollen comes from the Lachter , a length used in mining. The tunnel was so named because it was 13 Clausthaler Lachter (approx. 25 m) below the next higher water solution tunnel, the 19 Lachter tunnel . This was in turn 19 laughers under the 16 laughers tunnel and this 16 laughers beneath the Frankenscharrn tunnel .
literature
- U. Dumreicher: Entire overview of the water management of the north-western Upper Harz . Verlag der Grosse'schen Buchhandlung, Clausthal 1868.
See also
- List of mines in the Harz Mountains
- List of water solution tunnels in the Upper Harz
- Rammelsberg mine, old town of Goslar and Upper Harz water management
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony: Upper Harz Water Management System. 2008, p. 26 , accessed on December 2, 2015 (English).
- ↑ Dennert-Tanne 121.Retrieved on July 14, 2013 .
- ↑ a b Dumreicher: Entire overview of the water management of the north-western Upper Harz. 1868, p. 32.
- ↑ The 13-Lachter-Stollen. Retrieved July 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Location of the individual water solution tunnels. Retrieved July 14, 2013 .