Caroline pit (Clausthal)

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Pit Caroline
General information about the mine
Information about the mining company
Start of operation 1711 or 1713
End of operation 1866
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Brown iron stone , tinder ore with silver content
Greatest depth 489 m
Geographical location
Coordinates 51 ° 47 '50 "  N , 10 ° 21' 57"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 47 '50 "  N , 10 ° 21' 57"  E
Caroline mine (Lower Saxony)
Pit Caroline
Location pit Caroline
Location Clausthal-Zellerfeld
local community Clausthal-Zellerfeld
District ( NUTS3 ) Goslar
country State of Lower Saxony
Country Germany
District Clausthal mining inspection

The Caroline pit (also known as the Carolina pit ) was located west of the Oberer Pfauenteich in the east of Clausthal-Zellerfeld and, together with the Dorothea pit, was the most profitable pit of the Burgstätter gangway in the 18th and early 19th centuries . Nowadays, a steel sculpture marks the place where the now filled shaft was.

history

The mining treasury set up by Mining Captain Heinrich Albert von dem Bussche , which modernized pits abandoned by trades and financed prospecting , ensured a revitalization of the mining industry near Clausthal. As a result, rich ore resources were discovered. On the part 30 Lachter powerful Burgstätter main course the pit Dorothea in 1702 took the third time its operation and came after seven years in yield . On the basis of this success, the Caroline pit was assumed not far in 1711 as a union pit , which marched with Dorothea .

The ore mining began in 1713 and two years later it was in yield . In contrast to Dorothea, ores have already been mined here at a shallow depth . However, the high position of the shaft initially did not allow an effective connection to the water management . Instead, as with the Dorothea mine, reels and human strength were used until 1717, and from 1717 with horse gypsies . In 1720 it was possible to mine 90 tons of silver-bearing ore per week.

Not until 1726 was a water art with short field poles built, but only half of it could be exposed to water from the Grünhirschler pond . In 1731 it was followed by its own sweeping wheel (26 feet high), which stood next to the Dorotheer sweeping wheel at the southwest end of the Middle Peacock Pond . From there a 722 m long double field rod led to the shaft. The occupancy of 80 miners brought 100 to 120 tons of ore per week. In 1755, horses had to be used in the promotion, which were much more expensive and also had to be paid for if they were not used at all. Over the decades, the complex system of ponds was expanded further, which together with water that was brought in via the Sperberhaier Damm (from 1734) and with the help of the Polsterberger Hubhaus and the Huttaler counterbalance provided sufficient impact water.

In 1765, the water art (now 27.5 feet high Kunstrad ) of the Caroline was modernized and operated at times parallel to the old Kehrrad.

From 1814 the yield decreased constantly. Until then, the mine had a total yield of three million Reichstalers . The year of the highest yield was 1761. In 1821 the final depth of 254 puddles (489 m) was reached, of which only 236 puddles (454 m) were passable.

In 1824 Heinrich Heine visited the mine and described his impressions in the "Harzreise" .

The mine was in production until 1829 and was nationalized in the same year.

In 1834 there were practical tests with the wire rope invented by the upper mountain ridge Julius Albert in the pit. These attempts were partially successful; Initially, however, the new wire ropes were not an alternative to wooden artificial rods or wooden drive legs.

From 1850 the mine was finally in Zubuße . The technically outdated Caroliner shaft was already broken from the level of the Tiefen-Georg-Stollen , which is why a “new weather shaft ” was planned for the Caroline and Dorothea . There was also a great deal of wood consumption. In 1855, after the Neue Benedicte mine ceased operations, the Caroline became the easternmost mine on the Burgstätter gangway. It was operated until 1866 and filled immediately after it was closed. In the last few years of operation, an annual average of 91,520 quintals of ore was mined, from which 1,509 pounds of silver and 7,454 quintals of lead were extracted annually . Including supervisors, 118 miners worked in the mine.

In the more than one hundred years of successful extraction, more than 20,000 personalities from the 18th and 19th centuries (including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and James Watt ) drove into the Caroline and Dorothea mine. Heinrich Heine described the pit as "the dirtiest Caroline I've ever seen."

Caroliner weather shaft

After the Caroline pit was closed, the Caroliner weather shaft was the new easternmost shaft in the Burgstätter corridor. It was built between 1864 and 1867 and reached a depth of 286 m as far as the Tiefen-Georg tunnel .

After the operation of the deep pits to be ventilated in the Clausthal district was also discontinued, the weather shaft was filled in in the 1970s. The upper 24 m were exposed in 2007 and have been part of the Upper Harz Mining Museum since 2009 .

Connection to water solution tunnels

The following water solution tunnels are connected to the pit Caroline at the respective depth:

Mined ores

In the Caroline mine, tinder ore was extracted with fluctuating silver content.

Furthermore, the extraction of dark pale ore , black valid ore and common quartz with calcite components took place.

While only rotten slate was found to the east of the Caroline pit , the slate in the pit contained Epsom salt and, very rarely, gray skewer .

processing

The ores extracted were processed in the second and third Polstertal stamping mills .

See also

literature

  • Georg Andreas Steltzner : Description of the system and the current condition of the water pipes of the upper Burgstädter train, especially used by the two most important mines Dorothea and Carolina at Clausthal . In: Mining Science . tape 1 . Georg Joachim Göschen, Leipzig 1789, p. 107-126 .
  • Johann Carl Freiesleben : Comments on the Harz . Schäferische Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1795.
  • Friedrich Ludwig Christian Jugler : The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of the year 1849 and the Ernst August tunnel . In: CJB Karsten, H. v. Dechen (Ed.): Archives for mineralogy, geognosy, mining and metallurgy . tape 26 Issue 1. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1854, p. 199-294 .
  • Bruno Kerl: The Upper Harz smelter trials . 2nd Edition. Verlag der Grosse'schen Buchhandlung, Clausthal 1860.
  • Albrecht von Groddeck : Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz . In: Ministry for trade, industry and public works (Hrsg.): Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 14 . Publishing house of the royal and secret Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin 1866, p. 273-295 .
  • U. Dumreicher: Entire overview of the water management of the north-western Upper Harz . Verlag der Grosse'schen Buchhandlung, Clausthal 1868.
  • Christoph Ohlig: UNESCO World Heritage Site Upper Harz Water Management . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-0803-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Dennert-Tanne 81.Retrieved on July 22, 2014 .
  2. ↑ a b Jugler: The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of the year 1849 and the Ernst-August-Stollen. 1854, p. 224.
  3. ↑ a b The Caroline pit. Retrieved July 22, 2014 .
  4. ↑ Steltzner: Description of the system and the current condition of the water pipes of the upper Burgstädter train, especially used by the two most important mines Dorothea and Carolina at Clausthal. In: Mining Science. , Volume 1, 1789, p. 109.
  5. ↑ Free life: Remarks on the Harz. 1795, p. 161.
  6. ↑ Wilfried Ließmann : The Huttaler counterbalance. In: UNESCO World Heritage Upper Harz Water Management. (= Writings of the German Water History Society) Siegburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-0803-6 , p. 30.
  7. ↑ Steltzner: Description of the system and the current condition of the water pipes of the upper Burgstädter train, especially used by the two most important mines Dorothea and Carolina at Clausthal. In: Mining Science. , Volume 1, 1789, pp. 110 ff.
  8. ↑ Steltzner: Description of the system and the current condition of the water pipes of the upper Burgstädter train, especially used by the two most important mines Dorothea and Carolina at Clausthal. In: Mining Science. , Volume 1, 1789, p. 118.
  9. ↑ Jugler: The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of the year 1849 and the Ernst-August-Stollen. 1854, p. 294.
  10. ↑ Guy: The Upper Harz Hüttenverzesse. 1860, p. 86.
  11. ^ Heinrich Heine : The Harz journey . 1824, pp. 21-23.
  12. ↑ a b Wilfried Ließmann : The Huttaler counterbalance. In: UNESCO World Heritage Upper Harz Water Management. (= Writings of the German Water History Society). Siegburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-0803-6 , p. 35 f.
  13. ↑ Guy: The Upper Harz Hüttenverzesse. 1860, p. 87.
  14. ↑ von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. , Volume 14, 1866, p. 287.
  15. ↑ Jugler: The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of the year 1849 and the Ernst-August-Stollen. 1854, p. 225.
  16. ↑ von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. In: Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state. , Volume 14, 1866, p. 282.
  17. ↑ Dennert-Tanne 200. Retrieved July 22, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Dumreicher: Entire overview of the water management of the north-western Upper Harz. 1868, pp. 31-34.
  19. ↑ Guy: The Upper Harz Hüttenverzesse. 1860, p. 27.
  20. ↑ Guy: The Upper Harz Hüttenverzesse. 1860, pp. 21 and 39.
  21. ↑ Guy: The Upper Harz Hüttenverzesse. 1860, pp. 79, 47 and 38.
  22. ↑ Guy: The Upper Harz Hüttenverzesse. 1860, p. 152.