Jamesonite
| Jamesonite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
|
| chemical formula | FePb 4 Sb 6 S 14 |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Sulfides and sulfosalts - sulfosalts |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
2.HB.15 ( 8th edition : II / E.22) 06/03/07/01 |
| Similar minerals | Boulangerite , enargite , manganite , stibnite , zinkenite |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | monoclinic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m |
| Room group (no.) | P 2 1 / a (No. 14) |
| Lattice parameters |
a = 15.57 Å ; b = 18.98 Å; c = 4.03 Å β = 91.8 ° |
| Formula units | Z = 2 |
| Twinning | mostly lamellar and parallel (100) |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 5.63; calculated: 5.76 |
| Cleavage | good after {001} |
| Break ; Tenacity | uneven |
| colour | lead-gray to gray-black, tinged with variegated colors |
| Line color | grey black |
| transparency | opaque |
| shine | Metallic gloss, silk gloss, matt |
Jamesonite is a frequently occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulfides and sulfosalts ". It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the chemical composition FePb 4 Sb 6 S 14 , i.e. a compound of iron , lead , antimony and sulfur , which is assigned to the sulfosalts due to its crystal structure .
Jamesonite is opaque and usually develops long, prismatic to fine-needle crystals that are striped parallel to the longitudinal axis (c-axis). These predominantly form fibrous, matted or radial, tufted mineral aggregates . Fresh samples are lead-gray to gray-black in color and have a metallic, in fibrous aggregates also silky, sheen . After a while in the air, however, the mineral often becomes iridescent in bright colors. As the finest tinder ore , it can also be translucent brown.
Etymology and history
Jamesonite was given its name, which is still valid today, in 1825 from Wilhelm von Haidinger , who named the mineral after the English mineralogist Robert Jameson (1774-1854).
However, the mineral was known before. Already in the records of Johann Gottlob Lehmann from 1758 a tinder ore (also mountain tinder and rag ore ) from the mines Dorothea and Carolina near Clausthal is mentioned. Robert Jameson called it gray antimony in 1820 and Friedrich Mohs called it axotomer antimony gloss in 1824
The type locality is St. Endellion near Wadebridge in the English county of Cornwall .
classification
In the meanwhile outdated, but still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the Jamesonite belonged to the department of "Sulphosalts", where together with Benavidesite it formed the unnamed group II / E.22 .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), classifies the Jamesonite in the newly defined division of "Sulphosalts with SnS as a model". This is further subdivided according to the predominant metals in the compound, so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section "With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb", where it is named after him along with benavidesite and sakharovaite "Jamesonite Group" with the system no. 2.HB.15 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns Jamesonite to the category of "sulfosalts". Here he is together with benavidesite in the unnamed group 06/03/07 within the subdivision of “ sulfosalts with the ratio 2.0 <z / y <2.49 and the composition (A + ) i (A 2+ ) j [B y C z ], A = metals, B = semimetals, C = non-metals ”.
Modifications and varieties
Fine-needle varieties are called feather ore . In 1845 Haidinger also chose the name plumosite (Latin plumosus : covered with down, feathery).
Sakharovaite (FePb 4 (Bi, Sb) 6 S 14 ), named after the Russian mineralogist Marina Sergeevna Sakharova (* 1917), has not been regarded as an independent mineral since 2006, but as a variety of Jamesonite.
Education and Locations
Jamesonit formed by hydrothermal processes as Nebengemengteil in lead -, iron -, and antimony-containing ore - transitions . In addition to other lead sulfosalts, the accompanying minerals include calcite , dolomite , galena , pyrite , quartz , siderite , sphalerite , rhodochrosite , stibnite and tetrahedrite .
In total, Jamesonite has so far (as of 2012) been detected at around 700 sites. In addition to its type locality St. Endellion, the mineral occurred in the United Kingdom in many other places in the county of Cornwall , in some places in the county of Cumbria and at Tavistock in Devon and Deganwy in Wales.
In Germany, the mineral was found in several places in the Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg; in the Fichtelgebirge and near Pfaffenreuth near Waldsassen in the Upper Palatinate Forest in Bavaria; in the Harz from Lower Saxony to Saxony-Anhalt; near Mausbach (Stolberg) , Altenbrück , Uentrop (Arnsberg) and in several places in Siegerland in North Rhine-Westphalia; in the Rhineland-Palatinate Westerwald ; at Penig and at several locations in the Ore Mountains in Saxony and at several locations in the Greiz district in Thuringia.
In Austria, Jamesonite was found mainly in Carinthia (Friesach-Hüttenberg, Villach), Salzburg (Hohe Tauern, Saalfelden) and Styria (Schladminger Tauern).
In Switzerland, the mineral occurred mainly in the cantons of Graubünden and Ticino .
Other locations include Argentina, Azerbaijan, Australia, Bolivia, Chile, China, Ecuador, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Canada, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Colombia, Kosovo, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Macedonia , Mexico, Namibia, Norway, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Slovakia, Spain, South Africa, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Hungary, Uzbekistan and the United States of America.
Crystal structure
Jamesonite crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P 2 1 / a (space group no. 14) with the lattice parameters a = 15.57 Å ; b = 18.98 Å; c = 4.03 Å and β = 91.8 ° and 2 formula units per unit cell .
The crystal structure consists of chains in Jamesonit edge-sharing PbS 7 - polyhedra and Fe 6 - octahedra . Both extend parallel to the c-axis and are connected by SbS 3 pyramids .
See also
literature
- Friedrich Mohs , Wilhelm von Haidinger : XI. Order. Glance. VII. Antimony glance. Jamesonite , in: Treatise on Mineralogy, or the Natural History of the Mineral Kingdom , Volume 1, Archibald Constable and Co. Edinburgh 1825, pp. 451–451 ( PDF 234.2 kB )
- Helmut Schrätze, Karl-Ludwig Weiner: Mineralogy. A textbook on a systematic basis . de Gruyter, Berlin; New York 1981, ISBN 3-11-006823-0 , pp. 301 .
- Petr Korbel, Milan Novák: Encyclopedia of Minerals . Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim 2002, ISBN 3-89555-076-0 , p. 61 .
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Jamesonite (Wiki)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hans Lüschen: The names of the stones. The mineral kingdom in the mirror of language . 2nd Edition. Ott Verlag, Thun 1979, ISBN 3-7225-6265-1 , p. 243-244 .
- ↑ a b c d Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke , Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 480 (first edition: 1891).
- ↑ a b c d e f Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X .
- ↑ Webmineral - Jamesonite
- ↑ a b John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols: Jamesonite , in: Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 62.5 kB )
- ^ GeoMuseum TU Clausthal - Jamesonite
- ^ Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 132 .
- ↑ Sakharovaite , In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 60.1 kB )
- ↑ IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names 2009 (PDF 1.8 MB; Sakharovaite p. 248)
- ^ Mindat - Jamesonite
- ↑ Mindat - Localities for Jamesonite