Johann Gottlob Lehmann

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J. Lehmann, 1761

Johann Gottlob Lehmann (* 4. August 1719 in Langenhennersdorf in Pirna , † January 11 . Jul / 22 January 1767 greg. In Saint Petersburg ) was a German physician, mineralogist and geologist.

Life

Lehmann at the age of 42
Lehmann's profile from the southern edge of the Harz near Ilfeld and Nordhausen (below), 1756, is the first geological profile ever. From Grauwacke (left) via Rotliegend and Zechstein to Buntsandstein (right)
Memorial plaque on Lehmann's birthplace in Langenhennersdorf

Johann Gottlob Lehmann was the son of the manor leaseholder Martin Gottlob Lehmann († 1729) and his wife Johanna Theodora (1696–1767). The family were followers of the Lutheran faith and moved to Dresden in 1723. He received his first lessons from his father as a private tutor. Johann Gottlob visited the country Pforta where in 1735 he one for one semester free agency received. He began his studies in 1738 at the University of Leipzig in the field of medicine and moved to the University of Wittenberg in 1739 , where he lived in the house of his teacher and mentor Abraham Vater . He dedicated himself particularly to the fields of chemistry, botany, anatomy and physiology. In 1741, after graduating as Dr. med. Then he returned to Dresden and practiced as a doctor here. Inspired by the Saxon mining industry and several trips to Bohemia, he carried out geological research in addition to his medical work. He was mainly concerned with geological and mineralogical topics. In Dresden he was one of the initiators of the city's learned society. Its first publication dates to the year 1749 with the "Collection of some mineralogical curiosities of the Plauischer Grund near Dresden".

After some professional disappointments, Johann Gottlob Lehmann moved to Berlin in 1750, where he visited mines in the Harz Mountains on behalf of the Prussian King Friedrich II. During this time numerous essays and writings were created, which he made available to the public in the "Physical Amusement". On behalf of the government, he regularly traveled to mining companies and tried to put the experience he gained on a scientific and theoretical basis. As a result of this work he was named a mountain ridge in 1754. He lectured in educational institutions and was admitted to the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1754 . In 1755 he became director of the mining authority and copper mine in Hasserode . In order to broaden his horizons in the field of mining, he studied mining in Silesia in 1756 and became a member of the Academy of Useful Sciences in Erfurt.

Lehmann was one of the first geologists to observe and document the strengths and storage consequences of rock layers ( Georg Christian Füchsel in Thuringia also did this a little later ). With his work, Trial of a History of Flötz-Gebürgen, regarding their origin, location, metals, minerals and fossils contained therein (1756), he is considered to be the founder of stratigraphy . The profile he took was in the Bere and Zorge valley between Ilfeld and Nordhausen on the southern edge of the Harz Mountains and reached from the Grauwacke of the Oberdevon to Rotliegend and Zechstein to the Buntsandstein . Lehmann saw the Flözgebirge with its sediments as a deposit of the Flood over the original Ganggebirge. He divided the history of the formation of mountains into three main phases. His work exerted a great immediate influence and was translated into French in Paris in 1759 ( Essai d'une histoire naturelle des couches de la terre ). In the same year he published the "Draft of a Mineralogy" as a modern textbook for study purposes.

However, since he received insufficient payment for his scientific work, Johann Gottlob Lehmann accepted a call from the Russian Tsarina Catherine I in 1760 as professor of chemistry and director of the Imperial Natural History Cabinet in St. Petersburg. Here he became a full member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences there and in 1766 a member of the Academy's administrative commission. For example, he traveled to the Urals on behalf of Catherine II. That same year, Lehmann discovered in the Urals an orange-red chromate -mineral (PbCrO 4 ), which he Rotbleierz called. For his achievements he was awarded the title of court counselor.

Johann Gottlog Lehmann was married to Maria Rosina von Grünroth. The marriage resulted in three children, two daughters and one son. His son Johann Christian (1756-1804) was an official in the Russian Foreign Ministry. Johann Gottlob Lehmann died on January 11, 1767 in St. Petersburg. The fact that his death was caused by a laboratory accident in St. Petersburg is said to be based on a misunderstanding.

Fonts

In his academic life, Lehmann published over 100 works, treatises and essays (including the respective translations into English, French and Russian). These included u. a.

  • Collection of some mineralogical peculiarities of the Plauischen Grund near Dresden , 1749.
  • Treatise on the metal mothers and the production of metals derived from natural science and mining science and proven by chemical experiments Berlin 1753
  • Histoire de Chrysopreuse de Kosenitz , 1755
  • Attempt of a history of Flötz-Gebürgen with regard to their origin, location, the metals, minerals and fossils contained in them, mostly from own perceptions and from the principles of nature-teaching, and provided with the necessary copper Berlin 1756 ( digitalisat Universität Heidelberg ) ( digitalisat Universität Dresden ) ( Digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Thoughts of the causes of earthquakes and their propagation under the earth Berlin 1757
  • Research chymiques sur une terre de saufre de Tarnowitz 1757
  • Short draft of a mineralogy ... Berlin 1758
  • Cadmiologia or history of the color goblin according to his names, types, storage cities darbey breaking metals, minerals, ores and stones Berlin 1760, 2 volumes.
  • Probierkunst , first edition 1761
  • Speciem orogaphiae generalis , 1762

Honors

  • In 1759 Lehmann received a prize and membership of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce in London.
  • On March 21, 1976, a memorial plaque donated by the Pirna District Council was unveiled at Lehmann's birthplace, the former Volksgut in Langenhennersdorf.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Gottlob Lehmann  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Werner Kroker, biography about Johann Gottlob Lehmann, Neue Deutsche Biographie Volume 14, 1985, p. 84
  2. ↑ Wagenbreth, History of Geology in Germany, Springer 1999, p. 26. A geological block diagram can be found in Wagenbreth, Steiner, Geologische Streifzüge, 1990, p. 69
personal data
SURNAME Lehmann, Johann Gottlob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mineralogist and geologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 4, 1719
PLACE OF BIRTH Langenhennersdorf near Pirna
DATE OF DEATH January 22, 1767
Place of death St. Petersburg