Rosenhöfer aisle train

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Seigerriss of the Rosenhöfer corridor train

The Rosenhöfer gangway train was one of three important gangways at Clausthal-Zellerfeld .

location

Floor plan with the location of the Rosenhöfer gangway

The Rosenhöfer gangway was about 1150 meters (600 laughers) south of the Zellerfeld gangway . It began at the western end of the town of Clausthal and extended 600 Lachtern to the Einersberg. Its maximum width was 140 laughers (270 meters). It was divided into two main corridors: the Thurmhöfer and Altensegner corridors.

history

In particular, comparatively large silver deposits in the area around the former centers of the Upper Harz mining industry, Clausthal and Zellerfeld, resulted in an intensive mining of silver-containing lead ores . Between 1200 and 1350, for example, ore was extracted, first over days and later at depths of up to 40 meters . This mining took place in the area of ​​the Rosenhöfer corridor initially isolated from the rest of the Harz.

Due to the Black Death , the Harz was largely depopulated from the middle of the 14th century and mining activities almost came to a standstill.

In 1554, mining was resumed near Clausthal with the Sankt Anna (also Sankt Annenzeche ) mine . This pit quickly came in yield . Twenty years later the Thurmhof and Rosenhof mines followed .

Driving the water solution tunnels

In order to enable mining at greater depths , the prince's tunnel was excavated from 1524 . This was used for the water solution . In 1570, for the same reason, the 10 Lachter (19.2 meters) deeper Rabenstollen began , the mouth of which was in the area where the Raven Valley joins the Zellbach .

By 1600, the previously individual pits were to pit Thurm-Rosenhof combined and the Raven studs reached in 1617 the Rose Höfer bay and turned off this time for about 170 years, the water and weather solution safely.

Between 1692 and 1694 a new one was manhole pit Thurm-Rosenhof held by the country's rule since 1635 sunk .

Crisis from the second half of the 18th century

The Seven Years War and new technical problems caused another crisis in the Upper Harz mining industry from the second half of the 18th century . Some of the pits reached a depth of 250 meters below the 13-Lachter tunnel and dry summers provided only little impact water . This meant that fountains were no longer able to operate and work in deep pits due to flooding deferred be had. Furthermore, the 13-Lachter tunnel could no longer absorb the volume of pit water due to its insufficient cross-section.

To solve this problem, a new and deeper hereditary tunnel was planned. This should initially have its mouth at Lasfelde , so that the dissolved water could flow off over the Söse and run to the Rosenhöfer district. This plan was rejected and finally on July 26, 1777 the tailgating the depths Georg cleats from Bad Grund started. The Lower Thurm-Rosenhöfer-Schacht had an approximate depth of 500 meters at the time.

Situation in the 19th century

In the middle of the 19th century mainly three royal pits were operated on the Rosenhöfer Gangzug:

The Thurm-Rosenhof mine had a 281 Lachter (541 meters) deep day shaft . The deposit there was almost dismantled, but there were a few promising finds in the depths. From the pit, brown lily was mined in the area of ​​the broken shaft , to which one had access via the Tiefen Georg tunnel. The mined ores were processed by the first to fourth Clausthal stamp mill . The Rabenstollen brought a depth of 39 Lachter (75 meters), the depth Georg-Stollen 137 Lachter (264 meters) and the depth of the waterway 194 Lachter (373 meters). The main structures were above the 14th and 15th routes (at 264 and 280 Lachter depths; 508 and 539 meters, respectively). There has been no mining activity below the 15th route. From 1841 driving was practiced in the shaft , which was also used by the staff of the following two pits to drive in and out.

The Alter Segen mine had a 220 Lachter (423 meters) deep, only partially timbered shaft. At the upper level, the deposit was also completely dismantled and the 400 Lachter (770 meters) long Lasfelder Ort on the bottom of the deep water route did not bring any prospect of improvement. In addition to the extraction of its own ores, the shaft also took on the extraction of ores from the Burgstätter Gangzug , which were transported to the Rosenhöfer Gangzug with the help of wooden barges on the deep water route. The first, fifth and sixth Clausthal stamping mills processed the ores.

The Silbersegen mine was west of Alter Segen. The mine never came in yield. Above the Deep Waterway there was little prospect of usable deposits. The 201 Lachter (387 meters) deep straightening shaft was used, on the one hand, as Alter Segen to extract the ores from the Burgstätter corridor train. On the other hand, two water column machines were installed , which lifted 6 to 7 cubic feet of pit water from the Tiefen water stretch to the Tiefen Georg tunnel. The fifth and sixth Clausthal stamping mills processed the ores.

Strong water accesses from two underground springs, one of which was in the area of ​​the Rosenhöfer gangway, and flood times that overloaded the water column machines and the switching on of arts etc. a. in pits of the Zellerfeld corridor train and in the old pit, indicated the necessity of a deeper water-dissolving tunnel. After all, switching on the arts caused civil engineering to sink . It was also recognized that an accident on a water column machine would have severely impaired the underlying mining. The resulting plans for the “Lasfelder deepest tunnel” were rejected and changed several times. In the end, however, the Ernst-August-Stollen was driven .

The breakthrough took place in 1864 with the Ernst August tunnel.

Modernizations and cessation of mining

The end of the 19th century saw the need that old, tonnlägigen bays with new, seigere exchange bays. The conversation of the old shafts had now become very expensive, especially since the progress complicated in ever greater depths funding procedure presupposed. From 1868, the Ottiliae shaft was sunk as the new main shaft and the existing ore barge was expanded on the deep water section to the new shaft.

At that time, the ores in the Rosenhöfer Revier were first lifted in the Rosenhöfer Shaft to the 11th route, 440 meters underground, and from there in the Silbersegener Shaft to the bottom of the valley, from where they were transported to the Ottiliae Shaft to be placed in a secondary center to promote for days . Another problem was that the ore was pushed in further and further east.

It was therefore decided to set up the deepest waterway as the new main conveyor line . For this, the Ottiliae shaft was sunk further and the deepest water route to this by driven . The Rosenhöfer Schacht was dropped and sunk 300 meters further east from the deepest waterway from the Thekla-Schacht , which by 1930 reached the level of the 23rd route and remained the most important extraction shaft for the Rosenhöfer Revier.

In 1930, mining around Clausthal-Zellerfeld was stopped because the global economic crisis led to low metal prices and further mining was no longer economical.

Water management

In the middle of the 19th century, twelve ponds with almost 200 acres and 75 million cubic feet of volume were available for operating the pits of the Rosenhöfer Gangzug . Nine water wheels and two water column machines were operated. There was also a network of ditches with a total length of 8,785 puddles (16.9 km), florets with a total length of 520 puddles (1 km) and eleven watercourses with a total length of 3865 puddles (7.4 km).

Mining and yields

In the middle of the 19th century , low-silver galena ( galena ) was mined, and more rarely bournonite and pale ore . 70 to 75 pounds of galena were extracted from one hundredweight of Schlich , from which a little more than 2 lots of silver were extracted  .

Siderite (spate iron stone) was found in large quantities, calcite (calcite) rarely and very rarely quartz . The siderite was especially used for the fusion of the ores of the Burgstätter gangway.

A lot of sphalerite (zinc blende) and barite (barite) occurred in civil engineering .

See also

literature

  • Wilfried Ließmann : Historical mining in the Harz . 3. Edition. Springer, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-540-31327-4 .
  • Carl Hartmann, Bruno Kerl, Karl Rudolph Bornemann, Friedrich Wimmer, G. Köhler: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung with special consideration of mineralogy and geology . 18th year / new series: 13th year, 1859.
  • A. von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining in the north-western Upper Harz . In: Ministry for trade, industry and public works (Hrsg.): Journal for the mining, metallurgy and saltworks in the Prussian state . tape 14 . Publishing house of the royal and secret Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin 1866, p. 273-295 .
  • Friedrich Ludwig Christian Jugler : The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of the year 1849 and the Ernst August tunnel . In: CJB Karsten, H. v. Dechen (Ed.): Archives for mineralogy, geognosy, mining and metallurgy . tape 26 Issue 1. Georg Reimer, Berlin 1854, p. 199-294 .
  • Schennen: The new installations of the Royal Mining Inspection in Clausthal . In: Glückauf - Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine . June 1, 1907, p. 657-674 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Jugler: The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of 1849 and the Ernst-August-Stollen. In: Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy. , Volume 26, Issue 1, 1854, p. 230 ff.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Hartmann uw: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung, 18th year. 1859, p. 473 f.
  3. ↑ a b c d Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz. 2010, p. 168.
  4. ↑ Jugler: The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of 1849 and the Ernst August tunnel. In: Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy. , Volume 26, Issue 1, 1854, p. 210.
  5. ^ Ließmann: Historical mining in the Harz. 2010, p. 170.
  6. ↑ a b von Groddeck: Overview of the technical conditions of lead and silver mining on the north-western Upper Harz. 1866, p. 285.
  7. ↑ Jugler: The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of 1849 and the Ernst August tunnel. In: Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy. , Volume 26, Issue 1, 1854, p. 219 f.
  8. ^ Schennen: The new installations of the Royal Mining Inspection at Clausthal. In: Glückauf - Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitschrift , No. 22, 43rd volume, 1907, p. 658.
  9. ↑ Jugler: The Upper Harz silver mining at the end of 1849 and the Ernst August tunnel. In: Archives for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Mining and Metallurgy. , Volume 26, Issue 1, 1854, p. 266.

Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ′ 21 ″  N , 10 ° 18 ′ 55 ″  E