2-methyl-2-butanol
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| Surname | 2-methyl-2-butanol | |||||||||||||||
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| Molecular formula | C 5 H 12 O | |||||||||||||||
| Brief description |
volatile, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor |
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| properties | ||||||||||||||||
| Molar mass | 88.15 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
| Physical state |
liquid |
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| density |
0.81 g cm −3 (20 ° C) |
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| Melting point |
−8 ° C |
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| boiling point |
102 ° C |
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| Vapor pressure |
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| solubility |
easily in water (118 g l −1 at 20 ° C) |
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| Refractive index |
1.4052 (20 ° C, 589 nm) |
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C | ||||||||||||||||
2-Methyl-2-butanol is a chemical compound from the group of alcohols . It is one of eight structural isomers of pentanols .
Extraction and presentation
2-Methyl-2-butanol is mainly obtained by hydrating pentenes , for example 2-methyl-2-butene .
It is also accessible by hydroformylation of 1-butene , 2-butene or isobutylene with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst, a mixture of isomeric C5 aldehydes being formed which are then hydrogenated to the associated amyl alcohol .
It can also by fractionation of fusel oils are obtained.
Another source is the Grignard reaction of methyl magnesium bromide with butanone .
properties
2-methyl-2-butanol is a volatile, colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor that is easily soluble in water. It decomposes when heated and has a kinematic viscosity of 5 mm 2 / s (23 ° C).
Safety-related parameters
2-methyl-2-butanol is considered a flammable liquid. Flammable vapor-air mixtures can form above the flash point. The compound has a flash point of 19 ° C. The explosion range is between 1.3% by volume (47 g / m 3 ) as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 10.2% by volume (374 g / m 3 ) as the upper explosion limit (UEL). The limit oxygen concentration at 100 ° C is 9.6% by volume. The limit gap width was determined to be 0.9 mm. This results in an assignment to explosion group IIA. The ignition temperature is 435 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T2.
use
2-Methyl-2-butanol is used as a solvent for oils, fats and many artificial and synthetic resins, paraffin, waxes and the like.
2-Methyl-2-butanol found pharmaceutical use as a sedative under the name amylene hydrate .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Entry on 2-methyl-2-butanol in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b Data sheet tert-amyl alcohol (PDF) from Merck , accessed on April 1, 2012.
- ↑ Entry on 2-methylbutan-2-ol in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ a b c Entry on 2-methyl-2-butanol in the Hazardous Substances Data Bank , accessed on July 27, 2012.
- ^ Osterberg, PM; Niemeier JK; Welch, CJ; Hawkins, JM; Martinelli, JR; Johnson, TE; Root, TW; Stahl, SS: Experimental Limiting Oxygen Concentrations for Nine Organic Solvents at Temperatures and Pressures Relevant to Aerobic Oxidations in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Org. Process Res. Dev. 19 (2015) 1537–1542, doi : 10.1021 / op500328f .
- ^ E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.
- ^ Entry tert-pentanol at Enius, accessed on January 27, 2018.