Federation of Turkish Democratic Idealist Associations in Germany
The Federation of Turkish Democratic Idealist Associations in Germany ( Turkish: Almanya Demokratik Ülkücü Türk Dernekleri Federasyonu , ADÜTDF ; also Türk Federasyon, German “Turkish Federation” ) is a registered association based in Frankfurt am Main . The right-wing extremist Turkish Party of the Nationalist Movement (MHP) is seen as the parent organization of the “Federation” . The Institute Center for Turkish Studies at the University of Duisburg-Essen described the ADÜTDF in a report for the Independent Commission “Immigration” in 2001 with the words “Turkish-Islamic synthesis; Nationalist, commitment to a Greater Turkish Empire, strongly political ”. The number of members of the association, which “is considered a collecting tank for extremely nationalistic Turks”, is estimated at around 7,000 members, who are best known under the name “ Gray Wolves ” ( Bozkurtçular ). The Turk Federasyon herself emphasizes in her self-portrayal that she supports Turkish citizens in exercising their democratic rights “within the framework of the laws of the respective countries”. In the 2009 report for the protection of the Constitution of the state of Baden-Württemberg, the ADÜTDF is listed under “endangering efforts by foreigners” and under “foreigner extremism”.
background
The "idealist movement" (Ülkücü Hareket), to which the ADÜTDF belongs, "pursues nationalist - Pan- Turkish goals", that is, it is viewed as a movement oriented towards Panturanism , which as a variant of Turkish nationalism is a union of the settlement areas of all Turkic peoples targets or all members and areas of a postulated "turanid race". An "idealist" (Ülkücü) - this term is also used in the name of the organization - is understood by the supporters to be someone who advocates their political meaning and acts according to their strictly defined values, so this term is much narrower and more specific than usual in common parlance. The “mother organization”, the Turkish party MHP, focused on agitation against the EU and against the “ Kurdistan Workers' Party ” PKK during the 2007 election campaign . The Büyük Birlik Partisi , BBP (German: Party of Great Unity), also belongs to the idealist movement. The ADÜTDF is seen as a “gray wolves group” and as “Turkish right-wing radicals”, the organizations MHP and ADÜTDF as “'racist, violent', 'totalitarian organized' and shaped by conspiracy theories, in the center of which Americans, Kurds and Jews would always stand ". Winfried Becker, an expert in recent and recent history, takes stock of the topic of "Religious communities and the state", that the ADÜTDF is Turkish nationalist and is fighting "the Kurds and other alleged destroyers of Turkey".
After the presidential and parliamentary elections in Turkey in 2018, there is the impression that Turkey is trying to make the extremist group Gray Wolves acceptable in Germany. Cemal Çetin , chairman of the umbrella organization of gray wolves in Europe and newly elected member of the MHP, was a member of the Turkish delegation at the NATO summit in July 2018 and was photographed together with Chancellor Angela Merkel .
symbolism
Wolf greeting
The members and sympathizers of the ADÜTDF, the so-called idealists (Ülküculer), use pronounced symbolism. They show the so-called wolf greeting, a specific hand signal that is offered with the forefinger and little finger spread apart - for the ears - and the thumb, middle and ring finger - for the muzzle - of the right hand on an outstretched arm. That is supposed to represent a wolf's head. The outstretched arm is a common symbol of right-wing extremist and fascist movements.
Three white crescent moons
Often they also use the logo of the MHP, which is made up of three white crescent moons on a red background and is reminiscent of the Ottoman war flag - all typical symbols for this nationalist- folk movement. A simplified representation of the logo with the three crescent moons are three repetitions of the letter "C", ie "CCC", "cCc" or "CcC". Occasionally, especially young "idealists" (gray wolves) can see necklaces with the howling wolf and pendants or rings with the three crescent moons.
Idealist oath
There is also the so-called "oath of the idealists" ("Ülkücü Yemini") among the followers. This "militaristic 'idealist oath" is a kind of oath of the flag , is typically filed in a resolute, combative tone and is a brief summary of the gray wolves' goals. Thus "unbroken willingness to fight" is expressed in it. The oath reads as follows:
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“Allah'a, Kur-an'a, Vatana, Bayrağa yemin olsun. |
"I swear by Allah, the Koran, the Fatherland, by my flag |
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The “Turan Empire” is a summary of the ethnic groups such as Turks, Hungarians, Finns, Estonians, Mongols, Manchurians and Yakuts, which are regarded as “Turanian race theory ”, to form one empire, the Turan Empire, which stretches from the Adriatic Sea all the way to China should extend into or to the Bering Strait, or alternatively at least a union of all Turkic peoples.
Howling wolf and MHP flags
MHP flags and the like can also be seen more often. Furthermore, as a typical sign, there are images of a howling wolf bending strongly upwards. Young followers, in particular, also show themselves with items of clothing on which such a howling wolf is depicted. In addition, at rallies, shoulders are covered with flags, on which, as well as on headscarves, the motif of a wolf surrounded by three crescent moons can be seen. There are also belt buckles or necklaces with a wolf's head. This is explained by the fact that such a howling wolf is “the symbol of the MHP's youth organization, which was founded in 1968 and trained as a paramilitary”, the “Ülkücü Gençlik”. This motif of the Bozkurt ("wolf") is taken from Turkish mythology, it was considered to be the savior and defender of Turkish groups, ethnic groups or people.
ideology
After Kemal Bozay based
"The right-wing extremist movement in Turkey [...] ideologically on a conglomerate of different nationalist and Islamist discourses: on idealistic nationalism (Ülkücülük), which includes pronounced racism against all non-Turkish sections of the population, especially the minorities in their own country; the basic anti-democratic attitude, which focuses on propaganda against the left, socialists, communists and trade unions, but also against democratic institutions; on Islam in its role in the constitution of so-called Turkishness; on the Turkish-Islamic synthesis (Türk Islam Sentezi), the core element of which is the inseparability of Turkish-national and Islamic components, as a counterpoint to the influence of left-wing ideas; on the nine-ray doctrine of the MHP leader Turkes, who thereby proclaimed the way to nationalist Turkey and consolidated the leader's authority; and last but not least on the core ideology of European Turkishness (Avrupa Türkçülüğü) propagated in Germany, which is used as a collective term for the Turkish nationalist identity in Europe. "
In Europe - starting from Turkey - "three right-wing nationalist umbrella organizations" were formed: The "Türk Federasyon (Federation of Idealist Associations in Europe, ADÜDTF), ATIB (Turkish-Islamic Union Europe) and ANF (Federation of the World Order in Europe)".
root
When the Ottoman Empire disintegrated and dissolved, there was a countermovement, as this disintegration was perceived as humiliating and negative. In it a rebuilding of a Turkish empire was called for as a union of all those who profess to be Turkish or who “racially” (ethnically) were perceived as belonging to it. It was postulated that the world or the opponents would continue to be interested in weakening. Therefore, one should ideally strengthen and train oneself in order to make the most of this great goal. One of the masterminds of the "idealists" (Ülkücü movement) was Hüseyin Nihal Atsız , a racist, nationalist and anti-Semitic author.
Understanding of Islam and one's own ethnicity in relation to others
In the oath of the idealists quoted above, Allah is asked to exalt the Turks - this points in the direction of a fundamentalist-religiously justified exaltation over the other ethnic groups (racism) and an amalgamation of the divine name "Allah" with racist or political goals ("exaltation") in relation to people of non-Turkish origin; huge territorial claim under Turkish supremacy). The “Turkish people” are also otherwise ideologically singled out as the “best and strongest race” and the goal is set to “develop Turkey into an internationally leading nation independent of all external influences and systems”. In “Idealistic Nationalism (Ülkücülük)” there was still a pronounced “racism” against all non-Turkish sections of the population, especially against the minorities in their own country. ”By Enver Ören, the founder of the Turkish private television broadcaster TGRT , who is also known as the“ financier of the Gray wolves ”, the statement is passed down that“ the superiority of the Turks is genetically determined ”. In other respects, too, sympathy for right-wing extremist views can now and then be seen in Germany, for example "the Ülküculers sold books: the Turkish translation of Hitler's Mein Kampf " when the so-called "big" mosque was inaugurated in the Jungbusch district of Mannheim in 1995. Lately they have succeeded in getting the board of directors to change in their direction.
Understanding of nation and territorial claims
In the doctrine of Ülkücülük (idealism), nationalism is not understood in the sense of the secular and multiethnic state of Turkey , but in the sense of patriotic ethnic Turkishness, so "on the movement's websites [...] the term 'nationalism' is equated with" Turkism " ". Thus, an abolition of the secular form of government and a Greater Turkish Empire is sought, which encompasses larger areas than the current state territory. A map with such an extremely pronounced "Turkish-Islamic Union", which stretches from western North Africa to northeast Siberia, is, for example, in the section "Turkism and Islam" in the illustrated treatise Internet activities of the Ülkücü movement - "Gray wolves" depicted by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia, their size corresponds to a "Reich Turan" (Panturanism). The aspiration for a "Turan Empire" is also expressed in the idealists' oath mentioned above. In the opinion and self-portrayal of Türk Federasyon / ADÜTDF, "after the collapse of the Soviet Union [...] a great many people and population groups of Turkish origin" emerged.
Turkish-Islamic synthesis
As is characteristic of the Ülkücü (idealist) movement, the ADÜTDF, like the groups that have split off from it, understand Islam in the sense of a “ Turkish-Islamic synthesis ” (Türk Islam Sentezi), as a result of the “Islamization of Turkey” they suggest the inseparable link between the form of government and politics with Islam. A statement by ADÜTDF on the fundamentalist form of interpretation of the Koran and the striving for a "Turkish-Islamic" Islam reads:
“As Turkish-Islamic idealists, we direct our lives according to the Koran, the tradition of the prophet, the consensus of scholars and the conclusion by analogy. We reject reform and modernization of the faith. We will keep fighting until a divine order is established. "
Attitude to democracy and pluralism
The ideological orientation is also based on the ideology and the pronouncements of the Turkish MHP and its youth organization " Idealistic Youth " ("Ülkücü Gençler"). In addition, the founder of the MHP, the former Colonel Alparslan Türkeş , still enjoys great admiration according to the leader principle as "Supreme Leader" (Başbuğ) or "Oberwolf" or "Leitwolf", although he died in 1997. Pictures of him can therefore often be seen at the facilities of this organization. The first name "Alparslan" is a pseudonym and comes from Alp Arslan , a ruler of the Seljuk Empire and conqueror. The real first name of Türkeş was Ali Arslan. Alparslan Türkeş honors a leader who has been characterized by the federal government with the terms “uncompromising in political disputes, intolerance towards dissenters and elite consciousness as well as irrational folk ideas”.
Sevket Kücükhüseyin shows in a brochure of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung that the ADÜTDF has endeavored since the participation of the HP in Turkey to be "perceived in the German public as a democratic association of the political center" and has emphasized "expressly" "To move within the legal framework of the Federal Republic of Germany". However, she classifies this as a “varnish of displayed democratic sentiments”, under which “ ethnocentric […] ideas” are to be found.
Attitude to the situation of migrants of Turkish origin and to “Western” influences on them
Sevket Kücükhüseyin also points out that the ADÜTDF is polemicising “against any westernization tendency”, but “mostly speaking of Western European Turks with regard to its clientele”. According to the ADÜTDF's way of thinking, Turkishness should be preserved in relation to “culture-destroying cosmopolitan powers” such as “humanism and communism” and “latent Christian missionary efforts”.
Foundation and form of organization
Registered association
The ADÜTDF is a registered association that was established on June 18, 1978 as the “ Federation of Turkish-Democratic Idealist Associations in Europe”. V. ”(“ Avrupa Demokratik Ülkücü Türk Dernekleri Federasyonu ”) was founded. It is based in Frankfurt am Main and has numerous subgroups. A name change, with which the name component "Germany" was officially included in the club name instead of "Europe", was decided on at the 25th Great Kurultai in Oberhausen. Since this name change, the association has been called the "Federation of Turkish-Democratic Idealist Associations in Germany" and as such was entered in the register of associations of the AG Frankfurt (Main) on July 18, 2007. The ADÜTDF is a founding member of the “Turkish Confederation in Europe” (Avrupa Türk Konfederasyon, ATK).
Şentürk Doğruyol is currently chairman of the ADÜTDF. ADÜTDF is the publisher of a publication called “Türk Federasyon Bülteni”, which means something like “Bulletin of Turk Federasyon”, and operates a Turkish-language website. In addition, many members and sympathizers of the Türk Federasyon prefer to read the daily newspaper Türkiye, in which, for example, the terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001 were presented as a “Jewish conspiracy”.
Subdivision and affiliated local groups and societies
The ADÜTDF is divided into 13 so-called "arches". There are local associations such as so-called "idealist clubs " (Ülkü Ocaklari) or mosque associations or mosques affiliated to the associations or similar associations or groups, often with names such as "Großer Idealer Kreis", "Turkish Cultural Association" or "German-Turkish Friendship Association" and similar. Such designations also have their roots in the fact that the Turkish constitutional court banned the appearance of MHP in Europe in the 1970s. In this context, “front organizations under the names of culture, idealist, support association, nationalist ideas association, Islamic association and Turkish community” were formed in Germany.
The development of ADÜTDF since 1970 until today
Founding and 1980s
After founding the association in Frankfurt am Main, he “initially pursued a nationalist-pan-Turkish ideology with a strong emphasis on the pre-Islamic history and culture of the Turks”. After the military coup in Turkey in 1980, he emphasized the Islamic religion more than before.
Spin-off of the "Union of Turkish-Islamic Cultural Associations in Europe" (ATIB)
In 1987 several member associations of ADÜTDF split off under the chairmanship of Musa Serdar Çelebi, which a year later in Koblenz became the “Union of Turkish-Islamic Cultural Associations”. V. “(Türk Islam Dernekleri Birligi), TIKDB for short. Since 1993, the organization, also known as the “Turkish-Islamic Union in Europe”, based in Cologne, has been known as the “ Union of Turkish-Islamic Cultural Associations in Europe” . V. “( Avrupa Türk-İslam Birliği , ATIB for short). In the ATIB a "turning away from the MHP" and "approach to the liberal-conservative ANAP" after Sevket Kücükhüseyin in contrast to ADÜTDF to observe the " Motherland Party " (Motherland Party)., Now with the Democrat Parti (Democratic Party) is merged.
activities
In addition to sporting, cultural or social activities, the associations or societies or other groups subordinate to the ADÜTDF organize Turkish national and religious events and “convey [...] Turkish young people [...] the 'idealistic' values in the context of sporting, cultural and religious activities ". A group in Filderstadt "disguises itself" - as Dorothea Jung puts it - with the "seemingly harmless guise" of the association's name "German-Turkish Friendship Association" and organized a performance by a "right-wing extremist folklore singer". In contrast to such club names as “German-Turkish Friendship Association”, the Ülkücü movement (“Idealist movement”, “Ülkü Ocaklari”) is actually ceasing, according to the Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia, “just like some Islamist movements […] Obstacle to the integration of the people of Turkish origin ”. In addition, the message is conveyed that the Turkish-Islamic culture must be defended, and Koran courses are also organized. In this way, political ideology is also linked to Islam, and the Koran is also read. In addition, events are musically strengthened in an ethnic-Turkish direction by “folk singers (halk ozani)” and “patriotic hymns”. From the time ADÜTDF was founded, it has also appeared publicly as the “Turkish Federation” (“Türk Federasyon”). Sometimes the groups, especially those that have organized themselves as mosque associations, also organize a so-called “Kermes”, a kind of “open day”, on which the Ottoman culture is presented.
Number of members and sympathizers
Today the ADÜTDF has around 7,000 members in Germany, which is about as many as the extremely nationalist NPD , which shows the relevance of this movement. However, up to 10,000 participants can be counted at annual general meetings, as in 2003 in Hesse. Sevket Kücükhüseyin estimates the number of members at 10,000. On November 26, 1994, more than 10,000 and over 15,000 people took part in the annual idealists' congress in Sindelfingen, which was organized by ADÜTDF. Nationwide, the ADÜTDF has around 150 local associations, the main areas of distribution are - in the order of the number of members - Baden-Württemberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bavaria and Hesse (as of 2007).
In 1980 its membership was "estimated nationwide at 26,000". A decade later, the ADÜTDF broke away from a group chaired by Musa Serdar Çelebi, which is known as the “Turkish-Islamic Union in Europe” or the “Union of Turkish-Islamic Cultural Associations in Europe”, as detailed above. V. “(Avrupa Türk-İslam Birliği, ATIB for short), lost a large number of members. The ATIB places a greater emphasis on the “Turkish-Islamic synthesis”, a link “between Turkish nationalism and Islam”. Around 80,000 people are accepted as supporters of ADÜTDF. According to Sevket Kücükhüseyin, the observed attractiveness of the organization for young people plays a role in the fact that "subjectively perceived experiences of discrimination can be compensated for" by "conveying an excessive sense of nationality, sports clubs and rapid integration into responsible positions within the club or association hierarchy".
Internet activities
There are numerous websites, forums, YouTube spots, etc., of supporters of the idealist movement (Ülkücü movement) on the Internet. They often contain “hateful propaganda against certain nations, religions, ethnic groups and minorities”, for example against Jews and Kurds. Such Internet activities, which convey the “extremely nationalistic and hateful ideology of the Ülkücü movement”, play “a major role in the everyday life of many young people” who have a Turkish migration background.
Violence
Origin in Turkey
In the 1960s, under Alparslan Türkeş, even before the MHP was founded, military command camps were set up in which young people received military and ideological training - for example in the sense of the Panturan ideology. These commands were called "Bozkurtlar" ("Gray Wolves"). In the second half of the 1970s, when the Turkish left gained in importance and organized itself, “the right-wing extremist camp” formed in two orientations, one being a “militant Islamic” and the other a “ nationalist-racist ”movement. On this basis, supporters of the Gray Wolves had carried out attacks in Turkey, for example on “left students at Turkish universities”. In the 1980s, gray wolves in Turkey acted paramilitary in connection with the strengthening of left-wing movements and Kurdish aspirations for autonomy. In addition to the paramilitaries, the military and police were dominated by this "movement and waged a bloody war against everything that defined itself as left and non-Turkish". In addition to the Kurds and left-wing movements, Alevis were also seen as an enemy, on the one hand because of their - often assumed - proximity to left-wing and communist and Kurdish movements, and on the other because they were and are viewed as heretics who do not belong to Islam. "The terror of the right-wing extremists" was "organized in thugs like the 'Gray Wolves' (Bozkurtlar)" or in "'Idealist associations' (Ülkücü Ocaklarý)".
Transfer to Germany
At the same time, the Türk Federasyon, as a foreign organization, "carried out these disputes [...] violently in Germany too". As early as the 1960s and 1970s, “Turkish communities” (Türk Ocagi) and local “idealist associations” (Ülkü Ocagi) and - from the 1970s - the youth organization of the gray wolves were organized in European migrant societies. In 1980 it became known that "militant Turkes supporters [...] had extorted donations from Turkish guest workers" and had acted "with open violence against those who thought differently". Alleged perpetrators of a “stabbing” in Frankfurt am Main “were members of an idealist association”. Despite a reply from Musa Serdar Celebi for the Federation of Turkish Democratic Idealist Associations, Der Spiegel stuck to its representations. Until the 1990s, “the gray wolves also used violence up to and including assassination attempts in Germany”. On the other hand, violence by German right-wing extremists against migrants of Turkish origin triggers a longing for strength and resistance. When several violent attacks such as the murder attacks in Mölln and Solingen by neo-Nazi German groups or their supporters against Turkish migrants were recorded at the end of the 1990s, in which there were deaths, the Turk Federasyon also gained popularity again. Kemal Bozay, a German political and social scientist, sees domestic as well as Turkish incidents as the reason for the strengthening and formulated this in 2007 as follows: “After the attacks in Mölln and Solingen, many young people turned to the Gray Wolves, now the Kurdish conflict is worrying for inlet ". “The ethnic mobilization that we are currently experiencing in Germany” was “initiated from the outside, but it meets with a foundation. Right-wing nationalist organizations can use this nationalist mood for their own purposes and instrumentalize young people ”. In addition, there are experiences with stigmatization which, since the 1990s, have favored “strong ethnicization pressure”. On April 26, 2015, 10,000 people came to the König-Pilsener-Arena in Oberhausen for an election campaign event announced by the ADÜTDF with MHP chairman Devlet Bahceli .
Efforts to turn away from violence
ADÜTDF officials officially “rejected violence as a means of enforcing their ideological convictions” years ago. After "citizens of Kurdish origin and Kurdish and left-wing Turkish associations" were attacked in several German cities after a request to the Bundestag was presented and, for example, in the Berlin district of Kreuzberg on October 28, 2007, "several hundred Turkish nationalists [...] numerous people were attacked by stone and throwing bottles ”, while the“ Greetings from the 'Gray Wolves' ”was shown, the Federal Government emphasized that it had“ no knowledge of organization-controlled acts of violence [...] ”. This meant the ADÜTDF. The Federal Government also reported that, as far as it is aware, “the perpetrators' affiliation to the ADÜTDF could not regularly be proven” in “preliminary investigations”. A youth from Berlin-Kreuzberg describes the relationship of the Gray Wolves in Berlin to violence as follows:
“They are no longer like they used to be, at least no longer violent. There are still such clubs and most of them do support work. They are now also doing cultural work for young people. They want to keep their mentality, their past. They bring the youngsters in this direction too. I don't know the events of these organizations very well, but as I have noticed, they are not doing any violent action. "
The beginning of this moderate relationship to violence is set in the relevant municipal analysis by the Berlin Center for Democratic Culture, which conducted the interview, at the time when the parent party MHP was involved in the Turkish government. Another migrant interviewed, he was of Turkish-Kurdish origin, agreed that now “things have changed. They have become very economically oriented. Many of the former gray wolves now have large trade or something like that. In the meantime, I think you have also noticed that things can be done differently here. "
Assessments and fears by politically dissenting people of Kurdish origin
Statements by political opponents show that in this country they have a fear that often silences one. Two men of Kurdish origin from Reutlingen in the Südwest-Presse in 2010 assessed the movement in such a way that “anyone who speaks publicly against the 'gray wolves' must fear for life and limb”. They also expressed their assessment: “The gray wolves” are “very dangerous. Anyone who says something different from them is their enemy. ”They also attested:“ The Germans ”are“ naive and don't see through the game and the system of the gray wolves. ”
Self-presentation of ADÜTDF / Türk Federasyon
On their own website as well as on private or commercial websites of members, self-portraits of ADÜTDF / Türk Federasyon can be found (“We about us ... Türk Federasyon”), which emphasize that they stand up for “social, cultural and economic issues [sic! ] for the Turkish citizens living in their vicinity ”and promote or organize events. It forms a "bridging function between the civil administration and the citizens in the respective countries and the [sic!] Resident Turkish citizens [sic!]" And wants to prevent "growing ghettoization [...]". She also wants to introduce “Turkey and the culture of the Turks”, perform “integration work” and support “Turkish citizens” in exercising their democratic rights “within the framework of the laws of the respective countries”, for example “working in local councils or in Immigration Councils. ". and to keep them from "falling into a crisis of meaning about their affiliation". According to Sevket Kücükhüseyin, the AÜTDF is also demanding the “municipal right to vote for Turkish nationals living in Germany or the granting of dual citizenship”. The ADÜTDF emphasizes that it supports “every Turkish citizen” in “accepting the respective citizenship of the respective country” and “every event” that leads to an approach [sic!] Of the different cultures ”. She wants to encourage her young people to “strive for a good education and training. They should later be able to appreciate living in a clean environment and forming a good link in the community ”. She teaches the young people who “were born outside Turkey” “the importance and beauty of the Turkish Republic”. In a statute of 1980, the ADÜTDF expressed the goal of "promoting the interests of the Turkish republic and nation within the framework of the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany through activities".
The ADÜTDF as an object of observation by the constitutional protection offices of the federal states
The ideology of the Ülkücü movement is - as a constitutional protection report from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia - is characterized by a “glorification of Turkishness”, “shaped by a rigid friend-foe thinking” and thus feeds “essentially from enemy images” and from one racism characterized by “pan-Turkism” . According to the assessment of "Department II - Protection of the Constitution" of the "Berlin Senate Department for the Interior and Sport", there is "a latent willingness to confront and violent individual supporters". According to Kemal Bozay, “the 'gray wolf' symbolizes the militancy of a political movement”. In portraying the determination and fanaticism of the movement, he quotes Necdet Sevinç, a leading ideologist of the MHP: “As a rule, an idealist is not a man of thought, but always a man of action [...] All modes of thinking, all actions and all Opinions that deviate from the idealists' way of acting and thinking have no validity. ”Bozay attests to her“ versatile propaganda against leftists, socialists and communists, but also against democratic institutions, such as trade unions, scientific institutions and the like ”. The publication of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia Turkish Nationalism: "Gray Wolves" and "Ülkücü" (Idealist) Movement explains that the ideology of the Ülkücü movement lives essentially from enemy images such as Kurds , Armenians , Jews , Greeks , Alevis , Communists and from Zionism .
Contrary to the word “ democratic ” in the association's name, the constitutional protection report of the state of Baden-Württemberg from 2008 certifies the ADÜTDF decidedly an “anti-democratic character of this organization”. He sums up in 2009 that the ADÜTDF “for its own positioning […] has always used racist and political enemy images” and that “aspirations” originate from it “which are directed against the idea of international understanding and especially against peaceful coexistence among peoples are".
Assessments of the organization's willingness to integrate
The self-assessments of the ADÜTDF and the assessments of other social groups with regard to the willingness to integrate are opposite.
The district association of the CDU, City of Cologne, pointed out:
"The rise of an excessive Turkish national consciousness, especially among the young people of Turkish origin of the second and third generation of migrants, who were often born in Germany, gives cause for concern, as this is detrimental to the integration of young people into the living and social conditions in Germany."
Christiane Stuff analyzed in her contribution "Islamic Fundamentalism in Germany" that "the attitude towards German society [...] is shaped by distance", "by keeping away from the 'infidels'". Such behavior is justified in a fundamentalist interpretation of Koran texts such as Sura 5, verse 51:
“You believers! Do not take the Jews and Christians as friends! They are friends with one another (but not with you). If one of you joins them, he belongs to them (and no longer to the community of believers). "
This manifests itself as a “refusal of any form of integration”. The ADÜTDF commented on this as follows:
“As Turks, we want to make further concessions to our way of life, dignity and identity. That's what we mean by integration. "
A German-Turkish social worker from Berlin working with young migrants wrote:
“That is the preservation of everything [sic!] That is Turkish, and thereby also the exclusion of everything that is non-Turkish. If you really put it in such a banally simplified way. But that's how it works. Just as easy. I'm Turkish and I represent Turkish values and everything else has to be excluded. "
The Cologne City Association of the Education and Science Union (GEW) stated:
“Colleagues at Cologne schools regularly report on activities by Islamist-oriented youths that are directed against classmates as well as colleagues. In many cases, we lack the basic knowledge that would help us perceive and classify these activities.
Anyone who does not know the swastika (even in its various 'modern' variations) cannot identify neo-Nazism; Anyone who does not recognize the symbols of Islamist groups such as the 'gray wolf' or the 'triple crescent' can be of the deceptive opinion that this form of Turkish nationalist or Islamist extremism does not exist in their environment. "
After "Ülkücüler" idealists (Türk Federasyon) came to the head of the "Great Mosque" in Mannheim, the then Baden-Württemberg Minister of Education, Annette Schavan , commented on this and the effects as follows:
“The Mannheim mosque community [sic!] Was at times a highly accepted, very open community and also had an Islamic-Christian dialogue. Your prepared application for religious instruction was supported by the members of the community and also by the schools. The change in the top of the mosque community brought everything that had existed up to that point to an end in the form of dialogue from one day to the next. That was really a question of a few days, the application was withdrawn, it was not wanted. "
Sevket Kücükhüseyin summarized in a brochure from the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung:
"In general, the attitude of ADÜTDF must be assessed as inhibiting integration."
The State Office for the Protection of the Constitution in Baden-Württemberg stated:
“It is obvious that by belonging to an association with this orientation, integration into German society seems impossible, as the goals of the 'idealists' are not only directed against the peaceful coexistence of peoples, but are also anti-democratic at the same time to be evaluated as anti-liberal and anti-pluralistic. "
The former board member Ali Yildiz of the German-Turkish Forum compared the organization with the NPD :
"It cannot be that on the one hand we unite against Pro Cologne and on the other hand we court the Turkish NPD through the CDU Cologne."
See also
literature
Literature on Turkish (idealists) cultural associations and nationalism
- Fikret Aslan, Kemal Bozay: Gray wolves are howling again. Turkish fascists and their networking in the FRG . Münster 2000, ISBN 3-89771-004-8 .
- Emre Arslan: The Myth of the Nation in the Transnational Space. Turkish gray wolves in Germany . Verlag der Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009. ISBN 978-3-531-16866-1 .
- Kemal Bozay: "... I am proud to be Turkish!", Ethnicization of social conflicts in the context of globalization . Wochenschau Verlag, Schwalbach 2005. ISBN 978-3-89974-208-4 . (Dissertation)
- Katy Schröder: Turkey in the shadow of nationalism . An analysis of the political influence of the right-wing MHP. BOD 2003 ISBN 3-8311-4266-1 .
- Ina Wunn among others: Muslim groups in Germany: A manual . Stuttgart 2007. ISBN 3-17-019534-4 .
Further literature
- Education and Science Union, Cologne City Association (ed.) / Dr. Kemal Bozay, Emre Aslan: Self-ethnicization as a barrier to social participation. The main culture of the gray wolves (Bozkurt). An educational pamphlet ( memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). Cologne 2007.
- Christiane Stuff: Islamic Fundamentalism in Germany . In: Brandenburg State Center for Political Education / Kilian Kindelberger (Hrsg.): Fundamentalism. Politicized Religions . Potsdam 2004. ISBN 3-932502-38-8 . P. 75.
- Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Wuerttemberg (Ed.): Verfassungsschutzbericht Baden-Wuerttemberg 2009 .
- Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Ed.) / Sevket Kücükhüseyin: Turkish political organizations in Germany . Brochure series of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung eV No. 45, Sankt Augustin 2002, ISBN 3-933714-55-9 .
- Mediha Göbenli: Contemporary Turkish Women’s Literature. A comparative literature analysis of selected works by Leylâ Erbil, Füruzan, Pýnar Kür and Aysel Özakýn . Dissertation on obtaining a doctorate from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Hamburg, Hamburg, in July 1999.
Web links
- Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Protection of the Constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Turkish Nationalism: 'Gray Wolves and' Ülkücü '(Idealists) Movement ( Memento from November 30, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) ( PDF file).
- Kemal Bozay: “Gray wolves” are still howling. Background and work of extreme right-wing Turkish organizations in the FRG . (PDF file; 109 kB)
- Constitutional Protection Report Baden-Württemberg 2009 (PDF; 5.9 MB), there in particular pp. 126–132.
- Information on gray wolves from Europenews
- Dorothea Jung: Between glossing over and looking away. The difficult dealings with Islamist associations . In: Deutschlandfunk, January 30, 2010.
- Official website of the ADÜTDF (Almanya Demokratik Ülkücü Türk Dernekleri Federasyonu) or Turk Federasyon (Turkish)
- Gray wolves in Neukölln? A video report by and for young people in Berlin-Neukölln.
- German Bundestag, printed matter 16/7682, 16th electoral period of January 8, 2008. (PDF file; 101 kB) The Federal Government's response to the minor question from MPs Ulla Jelpke , Sevim Dağdelen , Wolfgang Nešković and the Die Linke parliamentary group . Printed matter 16/7455 - Turkish right-wing extremists in Germany .
- Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Protection of the Constitution: Internet activities of the Ülkücü movement - "Gray Wolves" (PDF) - with illustrations of typical images and symbols
- Center for Democratic Culture Project area “Community Coaching” (ed.): Phenomena that endanger democracy in Kreuzberg and possibilities for intervention - a problem outline . Berlin, February 2003 ( excerpt )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b See Center for Turkish Studies (ed.), Faruk Şen, Martina Sauer, Dirk Halm: Intergenerative behavior and (self-) ethnicization of Turkish immigrants . Expert opinion of the ZfT for the Independent Commission “Immigration”, Essen 2001, p. 78, table 19.
- ^ Andreas Rigo: Turkish right-wing nationalists celebrate in Filderstadt. Controversial organization uses the Uhlberhalle for a youth festival. Filder newspaper of December 10, 2009.
- ↑ Quoted from http://www.fubos.de/tuerkfederasyon/index.html , accessed on December 19, 2010.
- ^ Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Verfassungsschutzbericht Baden-Württemberg 2009, p. 5.
- ^ Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Verfassungsschutzbericht Baden-Württemberg 2009, pp. 128–132.
- ↑ Parties and religious communities, in: DIE ZEIT, 14/1995, quoted from http://www.zeit.de/1995/14/Pektiven_und_Glaubensgemeinschaften
- ↑ a b Quoted from Till-R. Stoldt: Gray wolves. Turkish right-wing extremists sneak into the CDU. Article from April 16, 2010, in WeltOnline.
- ↑ See also German Bundestag: Printed matter 13/2164 of August 18, 1995 .
- ^ Winfried Becker: Religious communities and the state . In: Hans-Peter Schwarz: The Federal Republic of Germany. A balance sheet after 60 years . Munich 2008. S. 550. ISBN 978-3-412-20237-8 .
- ↑ https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2018-07/extremismus-graue-woelfe-angela-merkel-tuerkei-treffen/komplettansicht
- ↑ a b c d Baden-Württemberg, State Office for the Protection of the Constitution: Militaristic "idealist oath" at ADÜTDF event in the Stuttgart area ( Memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), 07/2005.
- ^ Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (ed.): Verfassungsschutzbericht des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen for the year 2009, press version . P. 81.
- ↑ Cf. the Ülkücü Yemini in İbrahim Sarı: Ülkücünün El Kitabı, p. 42
- ↑ See Wolfdieter Bihl: The Caucasus Policy of the Central Powers. Part 1: Your basis in Orient politics and your actions 1914–1917 . Publishing house Böhlau, Vienna 1975.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Center for Democratic Culture, project area “Community Coaching”: Phenomena in Kreuzberg that endanger democracy and options for intervention - a problem outline (see #Sources ).
- ↑ Kemal Bozay: The Return of the Wolves . In: Jungle World No. 45, November 8, 2007.
- ↑ Trade Union for Education and Science, Cologne City Association (ed.) / Dr. Kemal Bozay, Emre Aslan: Self-ethnicization as a barrier to social participation. The main culture of the gray wolves (Bozkurt). An educational pamphlet . Cologne 2007, p. 8.
- ↑ a b See the Baden-Württemberg Constitutional Protection Report 2008, p. 101.
- ↑ a b c Internet activities of the Ülkücü movement - "Gray wolves" (PDF) Protection of the Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia. December 2009. Archived from the original on April 15, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Senate Department for Internal Affairs and Sport, Department for the Protection of the Constitution (ed.): Activities of nationalist Turkish organizations ( Memento of the original from February 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 125 kB) from November 2007.
- ↑ Quoted from Christiane Stuff: Islamic Fundamentalism in Germany (see #Sources ). - See also archived copy ( memento of the original from January 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ See archive link ( Memento of the original from September 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cf. [1] ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ See e.g. B: Archive link ( Memento of the original from May 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ See http://www.alparslanturkes.org/
- ↑ German Bundestag Printed Matter 13/2164 of 18 August 1995th
- ↑ a b c d Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Hrsg.) / Sevket Kücükhüseyin: Turkish political organizations in Germany. Brochure series of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e. V. No. 45, Sankt Augustin 2002, p. 33.
- ↑ “Avrupa Türk Konfederasyon” Kuruldu ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (= European Turk Föderasyon founded)
- ↑ See, for example, German-speaking mosque district Berlin (DMK-Berlin e.V.): Mosques and prayer rooms in Berlin ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth (eds.) / Dirk Halm & Martina Sauer: Voluntary engagement of Turks in Germany. Project of the Foundation Center for Turkish Studies on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth, Essen 2005, p. 27
- ↑ Konrad Adenauer Foundation (ed.) / Sevket Kücükhüseyin: Turkish political organizations in Germany. Brochure series of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung eV No. 45, Sankt Augustin 2002, p. 34
- ^ Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Verfassungsschutzbericht Baden-Württemberg 2009, p. 127.
- ↑ Dorothea Jung: Between glossing over and looking away. […] (See #Sources).
- ↑ a b Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia / Protection of the Constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Turkish Nationalism: “Gray Wolves” and “Ülkücü” (idealists) movement ( memento of November 30, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF), p. 3.
- ↑ On the contents of this section, see also the Baden-Württemberg Constitutional Protection Report 2008, p. 101.
- ↑ See e.g. B. Archive link ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated December 22, 2010
- ↑ a b Konrad Adenauer Foundation (ed.) / Sevket Kücükhüseyin: Turkish political organizations in Germany. Brochure series of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung eV No. 45, Sankt Augustin 2002, p. 31
- ^ Institute for Islamic Issues of the Evangelical Alliance in Germany, Austria, Switzerland: Islam in Germany: Islamic Organizations in Germany . ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ see also German Bundestag: printed matter 13/2164 of August 18, 1995, answer of the federal government to question 7
- ↑ Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia / Protection of the Constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Turkish nationalism: “Gray wolves” and “Ülkücü” (idealists) movement ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective . Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 101 kB), pp. 3–5.
- ↑ Quoted from the archive link ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , also available as a PDF document.
- ↑ Foundation Center for Turkish Studies / Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth: Voluntary engagement of Turks in Germany ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 955 kB). Project of the Foundation Center for Turkish Studies on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth (PDF)
- ↑ See Thomas Lemmen: Islamic Organizations in Germany . Bonn 2000, published on the website of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Bonn.
- ↑ Konrad Adenauer Foundation (ed.) / Sevket Kücükhüseyin: Turkish political organizations in Germany. Brochure series of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung eV No. 45, Sankt Augustin 2002, p. 32
- ↑ Quoted from [2] ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Mediha Göbenli: Contemporary Turkish women's literature. A comparative literature analysis of selected works by Leylâ Erbil, Füruzan, Pýnar Kür and Aysel Özakýn . Dissertation to obtain a doctorate from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Hamburg, Hamburg 1999, p. 33.
- ↑ a b Quoted from Der Spiegel , No. 44/1980, p. 71 .
- ↑ a b c Kemal Bozay: The gray wolves are played down . Interview by Deniz Yücel , taz from November 9, 2007.
- ↑ Ruşen Tayfur: “Gray wolves” cheer their party leader in Oberhausen. In: WAZ. Retrieved August 4, 2016 .
- ↑ a b Quoted from the website of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany, District Association of the City of Cologne: What actually is the "Ülkücü movement", also known as the "Gray Wolves"? ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
- ↑ German Bundestagsdrucksache 16/7682 (2008) and printed matter 16/7455 (s. #Quellen ) p 1 f.
- ↑ German Bundestag printed matter 16/7682 (2008) and printed matter 16/7455 (see # Sources ), p. 2 f.
- ↑ Quoted from: Turkish "Gray Wolves". No tolerance whatsoever towards those who think differently, Südwest-Presse April 27, 2010, [3] ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
- ↑ Quoted from [4] , accessed on December 19, 2010, cf. also German Bundestag printed matter 16/7682 (2008) and printed matter 16/7455 (see # Sources ), p. 6 f. [5] ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e cf. “We About Us (De)” ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the "Türk Federation"
- ↑ Answer of the Federal Government to question 17 c of Bundestag printed matter 13/2164 of August 18, 1995.
- ↑ Latest news . Berlin.de. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 28, 2010.
- ↑ a b Bozay: "Gray wolves" are still howling. Background and work of extreme right-wing Turkish organizations in Germany ( Memento of the original from October 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 109 kB), p. 29.
- ↑ See also: Ministry of the Interior of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia / Protection of the Constitution of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Turkish Nationalism: “Gray Wolves” and “Ülkücü” (idealists) movement . ( Memento from November 30, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ See also the location of images of the enemy by Kubilay Demirkaya in: Spiegel-TV: Die grau Wölfe, November 18, 2007, RTL .
- ↑ State of Baden-Württemberg: Report on the Protection of the Constitution Baden-Württemberg 2009 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 5.9 MB) p. 127 and 129.
- ↑ Union of Education and Science, Cologne City Association (ed.) / Dr. Kemal Bozay, Emre Aslan: Self-ethnicization as a barrier to social participation. The main culture of the gray wolves (Bozkurt). An educational pamphlet . Cologne 2007, p. 2.
- ^ Turkish right-wing extremists: "Gray Wolves" in the Cologne CDU. ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger from June 4, 2009.
