Saint-Pierre de Solesmes Abbey

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The Abbey of St. Pierre in Solesmes

The Abbey of Saint Peter zu Solesmes (French Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes ; Latin Abbatia Sancti Petri Solesmensis ) is a Benedictine abbey in Solesmes in the French Sarthe department . It is located near the town of Sablé-sur-Sarthe in the triangle of Laval , Le Mans and Angers on the Sarthe River .

history

Until the French Revolution

The Benedictine monastery was built in 1010 as a dependent priory of the Abbey of St. Pierre La Couture in nearby Le Mans . During the Hundred Years War , the monastery was looted twice and almost completely destroyed once. The rebuilding of the church began at the end of the 15th century under Prior Philibert de la Croix .

Philibert's successor, Jean Bougler, completed the construction of the church and had the high-quality furnishings made. After Bougler's death in 1556, the monastery no longer had a regular prior ; a number of priors " in commendam " followed. The monastery was threatened immediately during the Huguenot Wars . The monks built barricades to defend them.

In 1664 the convent joined the Masons , a Benedictine reform branch. The mason monks rebuilt the priory in 1722. In the course of secularization , the Solesmes priory was abolished in 1791 and fell into disrepair.

19th and 20th centuries

The abbey seen from the west

The secular priest Prosper-Louis-Pascal Guéranger bought the monastery back in 1832 and founded a community on July 11, 1833, which was elevated to an abbey in 1837. At the same time, Pope Gregory XVI. the French Benedictine Congregation (Congregatio Gallica, today: Congrégation de Solesmes), whose superior general was the Abbot of Solesmes.

Thanks to the personality of Abbot Guéranger, Solesmes soon made an important contribution to the renewal of Catholicism in France. Studies on the liturgy and the history of Gregorian chant were published in the company's own publishing house . The abbey was basically ultramontane . She played an essential part in the spread of the Roman liturgy and the suppression of the diocesan liturgies . From Solesmes the idea of ​​the liturgical movement spread throughout Europe. In recognition of the monks' merits, Pope Pius IX. the Solesmener scholar Jean-Baptiste-François Pitra to Cardinal .

At the end of the 19th century, the monks were expelled three times by the secular authorities, the first time in 1880. Each time they were able to return after a while. The congregational laws of 1901 hit the convent harder . The monks had to leave France as well as their abbey. They settled in Appuldurcombe House on the Isle of Wight , later in Quarr Abbey . They were only allowed to return to Solesmes in 1922.

Abbots (since the abbey was rebuilt in 1837)

Restitution of Gregorian chant

The liturgical renewal also went hand in hand with the restitution of the Gregorian chant , the maintenance of which first flourished under the direction of Prosper-Louis-Pascal Guéranger and through the intensive cooperation of the monks Paul Jausions and Joseph Pothier of the Solesmes Abbey. After the death of Abbot Guéranger, the work was continued mainly by the monk André Mocquereau and had a lasting influence on the worldwide reception of this type of song. In 1928, Eugène Cardine entered the abbey, who was the first cantor from 1940 and founded Gregorian semiology . The Abbey of Saint-Pierre de Solesmes has edited or influenced many important choral books since 1864 .

Publications

year publication Author / editor
1864 Directory Chori Dom Paul Jausions
1883 Liber Gradualis Dom Joseph Pothier
1889 Paléographie musicale with the Codex Sangallensis 359 Dom André Mocquereau
1896 Liber Usualis Dom André Mocquereau
1905 Editio Vaticana : Kyriale Vatican
1908 Editio Vaticana: Graduals Vatican
1912 Editio Vaticana: Antiphonals Vatican
1934 Antiphonal Monasticum St. Pierre Abbey
1954 Études Grégoriennes St. Pierre Abbey
1957 Le Graduel Romain - Volume I. St. Pierre Abbey
1960 Le Graduel Romain - Volume II St. Pierre Abbey
1962 Le Graduel Romain - Volume III St. Pierre Abbey
1966 Graduel Neumé Dom Eugène Cardine
1968 Semiologia Gregoriana Dom Eugène Cardine
1974 Graduale Romanum St. Pierre Abbey
1979 Gradual triplex St. Pierre Abbey

literature

  • Guy-Marie Oury: Dom Prosper Guéranger 1805-1875. A monk on duty for the renewal of the church . Be & Be-Verlag , Heiligenkreuz im Wienerwald 2013.
  • Louis Soltner: Solesmes and Dom Guéranger (1805–1875) (= studies on monastic culture, vol. 4). Eos-Verlag, St. Ottilien 2011, ISBN 978-3-8306-7506-8 .

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Margaret Truran: "Nun of a closed monastery, but not a closed mind". Laurentia McLachlan OSB (1866–1953) from Stanbrook Abbey . In: Erbe und Einsatz, Vol. 94 (2018), pp. 275–292, here p. 277.

Coordinates: 47 ° 51 ′ 7 ″  N , 0 ° 18 ′ 10 ″  W.