Acidava

Acidava
Alternative name	Enoşeşti Castle
limes	Dacian Limes
section	Limes Alutanus; A / X / 71
Dating (occupancy)	A) Trajanic; B) Hadrianic
Type	Auxiliary fort
unit	Cohors I Flavia Commagenorum ; Cohors I Thracum (?)
size	A) unsecured ; B) approx. 60 m × 60 m = 0.36 ha (?)
Construction	A) Wood and earth warehouse ; B) Stone fort
State of preservation	partially destroyed ground monument
place	Enoşeşti / Piatra-Olt , Olt district
Geographical location	44 ° 22 '29.3 " N , 24 ° 18' 11.7" E Coordinates: 44 ° 22 '29.3 " N , 24 ° 18' 11.7" E
height	104 m
Previous	Reșca castles ; (A / X / 70, south)
Subsequently	Rusidava ; (A / X / 72, north)

Acidava in the course of the Dacian Limites

Acidava , the Enoşeşti castle , was a former Roman auxiliary troop camp in the area of the town of Piatra-Olt belonging to the village of Enoşeşti in the Olt district , in the Romanian region of Little Wallachia . In ancient times it was part of the Limes Alutanus and administratively belonged to the province of Dacia inferior , later to the Dacia Malvensis .

location

Acidava can already be found on the Tabula Peutingeriana . In ancient times, the fort crew was responsible for monitoring the trunk road running parallel to the Olt (Roman Alutus ).

In the modern settlement image, today's soil monument is in the corridor Cetate a lui Traian (Trajan's fortress), just under 3.5 km west of the Olt on agricultural land in the village of Enoşeşti, east outside of its buildings and around 200 meters north of Strada Măriceşti, the leads to Criva. Topographically, it is at the end of a ridge that rises around 20 meters above the Oltișor valley , a right tributary of the Olt.

From the Roman relics nothing can be seen in the area, especially because large areas of the fort area were destroyed by railway construction work. Only part of the south side of the camp remained undamaged.

Archaeological evidence

No major systematic excavations have been carried out to date, only a few exploratory excavations were carried out in 1977. Two construction phases could be identified:

Even in the early phase of the occupation, a wood-earth camp of indefinite size was set up.
In Hadrianic times the wood-earth camp was replaced by a presumably square stone fort with an assumed side length of 60 meters.

It is believed that the 40 meter square stone fort was oriented in the four cardinal directions. It was reinforced by a 1.0 m to 1.8 m thick brick wall, in front of which a 16 m wide and 3.0 m deep trench ran.

The Cohors I Flavia Commagenorum is addressed as the main unit of the camp . But there are also inscriptions from the Cohors I Thracum in Enoşeşti.

The auxiliary vicus stretched northwest of the camp . A vicus was a civil settlement that can be found at almost every Roman military camp and in which the living quarters of the relatives of soldiers, veterans, craftsmen, traders, innkeepers, prostitutes and other service providers were located.

Lost property and monument protection

The found material from Acidava is stored in the Muzeul Militar Național (National Military Museum) in Bucharest and partly in the Muzeul Județean Olt in the district capital Slatina .

The entire archaeological site and in particular the fort are protected as historical monuments according to Act No. 422/2001, passed in 2001. It is registered in the Repertoriul Arheologic Național (National Archaeological Directory) under the number 128114.06. Responsible are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii și Patrimoniului Național) , in particular the General Directorate for National Cultural Heritage, the Department of Fine Arts, the National Commission for Historical Monuments and other institutions subordinate to the Ministry. Unauthorized excavations and the export of ancient objects are prohibited in Romania.

literature

Nicolae Gudea : The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 86f., ( Digitized version ).
Nicolae Gudea: The Lower Moesian Danube Limes and the defense of the Moesian north and west coast of the Black Sea. Limes et Litus Moesiae inferioris (AD 86–275) . In: Yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz, 52nd year 2005, Verlag des Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums, Mainz 2006, ISSN 0076-2741 , p. 494.
Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , p. 201.

Individual evidence

^ Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).
↑ ^a ^b AE 1978, 00700
↑ ^a ^b AE 1989, 00630b and AE 1989, 00630a .
↑ Tab. Peut. VII, A, 1.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 86f., ( Digitized version ).
^ ^A ^b Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , p. 201.
↑ Official website of the Muzeul Militar Național (Romanian), accessed on January 1, 2020.
↑ Information on archaeological finds on the website of the Muzeul Județean Olt , accessed on January 3, 2020 (Romanian).
↑ RAN 128114.06

[1] Route / section / fort number (based on Nicolae Gudea , 1997).

[COHIFLA-2] AE 1978, 00700

[COHITHR-3] AE 1989, 00630b and AE 1989, 00630a .

[4] Tab. Peut. VII, A, 1.

[Gudea-5] Nicolae Gudea: The Dacian Limes. Materials on its story. In: Yearbook of the Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz. 44, 2, 1997, p. 86f., ( Digitized version ).

[Marcu-6] A ^b Felix Marcu: The Internal Planning of Roman Forts of Dacia . (= Bibliotheca Mvsei Napocensis XXX), Mega Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca 2009, ISBN 978-606-543-058-7 , p. 201.

[7] Official website of the Muzeul Militar Național (Romanian), accessed on January 1, 2020.

[8] Information on archaeological finds on the website of the Muzeul Județean Olt , accessed on January 3, 2020 (Romanian).

[9] RAN 128114.06