Acidithiobacillus

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Acidithiobacillus
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Acidithiobacillia
Order : Acidithiobacillales
Family : Acidithiobacillaceae
Genre : Acidithiobacillus
Scientific name of the  family
Acidithiobacillaceae
Garrity et al. 2005
Scientific name of the  genus
Acidithiobacillus
Kelly & Wood 2000 emend. Hallberg et al. 2010.

Acidithiobacillus is a genus of bacteria , which in 2000 by reallocating some Thiobacillus - species was established as a new genus. It is the only genus in the Acidithiobacillaceae family . The species of the genus are characterized by chemolithotrophy , acidophilicity and the ability to oxidize elemental sulfur and reduced sulfur compounds.

features

Characteristic and well-studied species are:

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans : oxidizes divalent iron, elemental sulfur and reduced sulfur compounds. These oxidations dissolve iron - sulfur minerals such as pyrite and marcasite . The resulting metabolic products are trivalent iron or sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid . The genus Acidithiobacillus tolerates very high acid concentrations. This bacterium was found in acidic waters that seep from pyrite-containing mining heaps.

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans : oxidizes reduced sulfur compounds to sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid. The bacterium was found in acidic water seeping from pyrite-containing mine dumps and in damaged sewer pipes thatcontained hydrogen sulfide and other reduced sulfur compounds.

Occurrence and meaning

Both species inhabit rocks, mines, and mining dumps that contain compounds with divalent iron or reduced sulfur compounds, or both. They are used industrially in bioleaching , a special metal extraction process in which metals are extracted from sulfidic ores , gold from pyrite inclusions and uranium from uraninite- containing ores through bacterial oxidation .

Systematics

The genus Acidithiobacillus was established in 2000 by Donovan P. Kelly and Ann P. Wood , who placed some species of the genus Thiobacillus ( family of the Hydrogenophilaceae of the Betaproteobacteria ) in the new genus. Acidithiobacillus is currently the only genus in the Acidithiobacillaceae family. It belongs to the order of Acidithiobacillales , which is the only order in the class of Acidithiobacillia. In 2013 it was proposed to assign the order of Acidithiobacillales to a new, independent class of Acidithiobacillia, which is to be arranged next to the Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria . Such changes are usually only recognized with the new edition of the important reference work of the phylogenetic systematics of prokaryotes , Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology .

The following types are known (as of 2014):

See also

Endolites

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b K. L. Temple, AR Colmer: The autotrophic oxidation of iron by a new bacterium, thiobacillus ferrooxidans. In: Journal of bacteriology , Vol. 62, No. 5, November 1951, pp. 605-611, ISSN  0021-9193 . PMID 14897836 . PMC 386175 (free full text).
  2. ↑ a b S. A. Waksman, JS Joffe: Microorganisms Concerned in the Oxidation of Sulfur in the Soil: II. Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, a New Sulfur-oxidizing Organism Isolated from the Soil. In: Journal of bacteriology , Volume 7, No. 2, March 1922, pp. 239-256, ISSN  0021-9193 . PMID 16558952 . PMC 378965 (free full text).
  3. ↑ DP Kelly, AP Wood: Reclassification of some species of Thiobacillus to the newly designated genera Acidithiobacillus gen. Nov., Halothiobacillus gen. Nov. and Thermithiobacillus gen. nov. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology , Volume 50, No. 2, March 2000, pp. 511-516, ISSN  1466-5026 . doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-50-2-511 . PMID 10758854 .
  4. ↑ KP Williams, DP Kelly: Proposal for a new class within the phylum Proteobacteria, Acidithiobacillia classis nov., With the type order Acidithiobacillales, and emended description of the class Gammaproteobacteria. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology , Volume 63, No. 8, August 2013, pp. 2901-2906, ISSN  1466-5034 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.049270-0 . PMID 23334881 .
  5. ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Acidithiobacillus. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved July 27, 2014 .
  6. ↑ S. Hedrich, DB Johnson: Acidithiobacillus ferridurans sp. nov., an acidophilic iron-, sulfur- and hydrogen-metabolizing chemolithotrophic gammaproteobacterium. In: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology , Volume 63, No. 11, November 2013, pp. 4018-4025, ISSN  1466-5034 . doi : 10.1099 / ijs.0.049759-0 . PMID 23710060 .
  7. ^ KB Hallberg, E. González-Toril, DB Johnson: Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, sp. nov .; facultatively anaerobic, psychrotolerant iron-, and sulfur-oxidizing acidophiles isolated from metal mine-impacted environments. In: Extremophiles. Life under extreme conditions , Volume 14, No. 1, January 2010, pp. 9-19, ISSN  1433-4909 . doi : 10.1007 / s00792-009-0282-y . PMID 19787416 .