Acmopyle pancheri
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Twigs with needles and immature seed cones, the spherical epimatium and the elongated podocarpium are already clearly formed |
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| ( Brongn. & Gris ) Pilg. |
Acmopyle pancheri is a conifer of the genus Acmopyle inthe stone slice family (Podocarpaceae). The natural range is on the island of Grande Terre in New Caledonia , where it grows in the undergrowth of the rainforests or up to the canopy in drier and lower forests. It is in the red list of the IUCN out as potentially at risk due to the small distribution area, but no significant decline in stocks is known. Due to the mostly low growth height, the wood is hardly used.
features
Acmopyle pancheri grows as a small to medium-sized, up to 25 meters high, but mostly smaller, evergreen tree . The trunk is monopodial and reaches a diameter of up to 50 centimeters ( diameter at chest height ). The trunk bark is brown, gray when exposed to the weather and becomes hard and scaly on older trees and breaks into small plates. The inner bark is more or less fibrous. The branches of young trees are spread out horizontally, while older trees are irregular and ascending. They form a flat, irregular treetop. Leafy branches are rounded. The outermost branches are 3 to 15 centimeters long and grow alternately. You lose the needles after a few years.
leaves
Two types of leaves are formed. The scale leaves grow at the base of the branches and gradually enlarge towards the middle of the branches to form comb-like leaves. The needle-like leaves of seedlings grow alternately and comb-like. They are straight, linear, in the middle of the branches about 15 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide, pointed or piercingly pointed. Leaves of young and fully grown trees are similar, are also alternate and comb-like at an angle of 60 to 90 degrees from the branch. They are straight or more often curved crescent-shaped towards the tip, on strong branches they can also be curved in an S-shape. In the middle of the branches they are 10 to 30 millimeters long, 1.5 to 3 millimeters wide and become clearly the branch base, and less pronouncedly shorter towards the branch end. The needle base is twisted and sloping. The edge of the needle is curled down, the end blunt or pointed and bent forward. The central rib is only narrow and weak on the upper side, it protrudes clearly on the lower side. The top of the needle is shiny green and shows two whitish bands separated by the midrib. The underside has green leaf margins. Both sides form numerous interrupted stomata lines , which can also be found on the underside on the midrib. On the upper side there are individual stomata near the base and the tip of the needles.
Cones and seeds
The pollen cones grow individually or in twos or threes on short stems overgrown with scaly leaves, near or at the ends of lateral, leafy branches. They are initially rounded, later elongate and are 20 to 25 millimeters long when ripe and have a diameter of about 3 millimeters. The microsporophylls are arranged like roof tiles, keeled, initially pointed and later long pointed. They carry two small pollen sacs at the base .
The seed cones grow singly or sometimes in twos or threes on up to 12 millimeter long, curved stalks overgrown with scaly leaves near or at the ends of lateral, leafy branches. Sometimes they grow in the armpits of deciduous leaves or scale leaves. The cones consist of several sterile and one or two fertile, coalesced cover scales, which form a fleshy, swollen, irregularly shaped, frosted, warty, 15 to 20 millimeter long and 8 to 10 millimeter diameter podocarpium . The one or two seeds at the outer end of the podocarpium are rounded and, together with the frosted epimatium, have a diameter of 7 to 10 millimeters when fully grown.
Distribution and ecology
The natural range of Acmopyle pancheri is on Grande Terre of the main island of New Caledonia . Most of the deposits are in the mountains in the south of the island, but also some isolated ones in the north, for example on Mont Panié . There it grows scattered in the undergrowth of the rainforests, or as part of the canopy in drier and lower forests from sea level to an altitude of 1200 meters. The distribution area is assigned to the hardiness zone 10, with mean annual minimum temperatures between −1.1 and +4.4 degrees Celsius (30 to 40 degrees Fahrenheit ). The subsoil consists of ultramafic soils, which consist of rocks of the serpentine group or of acidic soils, which have formed from metamorphic mica schists . The species is found together with other conifers, such as several species of the araucarias ( Araucaria spp.), With the resin disk Dacrydium araucarioides , with Falcatifolium taxoides and the Kauri tree Agathis ovata , as well as with numerous deciduous tree species.
Hazard and protection
Acmopyle pancheri was classified in 2010 by the IUCN in the Red List as potentially endangered ("Near Threatened"). Both the extent of occurrence and the area actually covered with vegetation are so small that classification as “vulnerable” would be possible. However, it is unclear whether there actually was a decline in stocks that would have justified such a classification. Several deposits are, however, affected by mining (rocks of the serpentine group are an indicator, for example, of nickel deposits) and also by fires, while others are affected by deteriorated environmental conditions and the fragmentation of the deposits. Although widespread, the species is rarer than, for example, Falcatifolium taxoides . There are several occurrences in protected areas such as the Montagne des Sources and the Riviere Bleue, in the north also in the botanical reserve at Mont Panie.
Systematics and Etymology
Acmopyle pancheri is a species of the genus Acmopyle , which belongs to the family of stone slices (Podocarpaceae). It was in 1870 by Adolphe Brongniart , and Jean Antoine Arthur Gris in the Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France as Dacrydium Pancheri ( Basionym ) first described and the genus dacrydium ( Dacrydium ) attributed. Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger placed them as type species Acmopyle pancheri in the newly established genus Acmopyle . Other synonyms are Acmopyle alba Buchholz , Nageia pancheri (Brongn. & Gris) Kuntze and Podocarpus pectinatus Pancher ex Brongn. & Gris .
The generic name Acmopyle comes from the Greek, akme denotes the highest point and pyle stands for "opening". It thus refers to the erect position of the ripe seeds. The specific epithet pancheri honors the botanist Jean Armand Isidore Pancher (1814–1877), who found the type specimen in 1869 .
use
Since Acmopyle pancheri is rather small, the wood is rarely used. The species is only found in a few botanical gardens.
swell
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5 , pp. 129-130 .
- James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. The Complete Reference . Timber Press, Portland, OR / London 2009, ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4 , pp. 121, 122 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 129.
- ↑ James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. P. 121.
- ^ Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, pp. 129-130.
- ↑ a b c d e Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Volume 1, p. 130.
- ↑ a b c acmopyle Pancheri in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: P. Thomas, 2011. Accessed February 9, 2014.
- ↑ a b James E. Eckenwalder: Conifers of the World. P. 122.
- ^ Acmopyle pancheri in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
- ↑ Dacrydium pancheri. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved February 9, 2014 .
- ^ Acmopyle pancheri. In: The International Plant Name Index. Retrieved February 9, 2014 .
- ^ Acmopyle pancheri. In: The Plant List. Retrieved February 10, 2014 .
Web links
- Christopher J. Earle: Acmopyle pancheri. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, March 26, 2013, accessed February 10, 2014 (English).
- M. Moeller, RR Mill, SM Glidwell, D. Masson, B. Williamson, RM Bateman: Comparative Biology of the Pollination Mechanisms in Acmopyle pancheri and Phyllocladus hypophyllus (Podocarpaceae sl) . In: Annals of Botany . No. 86 , 2000, pp. 149–158 , doi : 10.1006 / anbo.2000.1167 ( online [PDF; accessed on February 10, 2014]).
- Acmopyle pancheri at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 10, 2014.