Ajarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

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Flag of the Ajarian ASSR
Map of the Ajarian ASSR in 1922 (dark green left)

The Adjar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ( Adjarians ASSR or Adjara Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , Georgian : აჭარის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა, Russian Аджарская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика ) was an autonomous republic within the Georgian SSR . It was founded on July 16, 1921, existed until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and then became the Adjara Autonomous Republic of the now independent Georgia . The capital was Batumi .

history

After a temporary occupation by Turkish and British troops in 1918–1920, Adjara was reunited with Georgia in 1920. After a brief military conflict in March 1921, the Ankara government ceded the territory of Georgia by Article VI of the Treaty of Kars with the condition of autonomy for the Muslim population. Soviet Russia established the Ajarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on July 16, 1921 in accordance with this clause. The Soviet government proclaimed the Ajarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the same day, July 16, 1921.

The Turkey joined the region to the Bolsheviks from under the condition that it would be granted autonomy in the interest of Muslims among the mixed population of Adzharia. It is believed that Moscow also wanted to prevent Georgia from gaining full control of Batumi's important Black Sea ports and that it wanted to support the communist leanings among the ethnic Georgian Muslims living in Turkey. However, under the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin, Islam and Christianity were suppressed.

In April 1929, the Muslim inhabitants of the mountain regions in Adjara took up arms to fight against forced collectivization and the restriction of religious freedom. Soviet troops quickly put down the uprising. Thousands of ajars were deported from the republic.

Individual evidence

  1. Eric Lohr (2003), Nationalizing the Russian Empire: the Campaign against Enemy Aliens during World War I , pp. 151-152, 220-221. Harvard University Press , ISBN 0674010418 .
  2. ^ Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann KS Lambton, Bernard Lewis: The Cambridge history of Islam , Cambridge University Press 1977, ISBN 0521291364 , page 639.