Zeki Velidi Togan
Zeki Velidi Togan ( Bashkir : Әхмәтзәки Вәлиди , sometimes also written Validi ; * December 10, 1890 in Kusjanowo near Sterlitamak ; † July 26, 1970 in Istanbul ) was a historian , Turkologist and leader of the Bashkir revolution and liberation movement against the Soviet Union .
His birth name was Äxmätzäki Äxmätşah ulı Wälidi (Wälidov) ( Әхмәтзәки Әхмәтшах улы Вәлиди (Вәлидов) ). After his emigration to Turkey , his name was adapted to the Turkish language.
From 1912 to 1915 Velidi taught at a madrasa in Kazan . He was then from 1915 to 1917 a member of the Bureau of Support for Muslim MPs in the Russian State Duma . In 1917 he was elected to the Bashkir Millät Mäcles (German: People's Parliament) and, in this role, organized together with S. Manatov the formation of a Bashkir shura (parliament). He chaired the Bashkir Congress in Orenburg , which declared Bashkortostan's independence from Russia at the end of 1917, taking advantage of the turmoil that began after the collapse of the Tsarist Empire .
At the Russian Civil War , the new state structure, stood at the head of Velidi involved, with their own troops. These fought from 1918 to 1919 under the ataman Alexander Ilyich Dutow and the admiral Alexander Kolchak, initially on the side of the whites against the Bolsheviks . After the Bolsheviks had assured the Bashkirs, however, extensive autonomy , Velidi changed sides and now turned against the whites.
From February 1919 to June 1920, Velidi was chairman of the Bashkir Revolutionary Committee. When he then realized that the Bolsheviks would not keep the concessions granted to the Bashkirs, he left his home disappointed and went to Central Asia .
In Turkestan , Velidi took part in the local anti-Soviet Basmachi movement and soon became one of its leaders. From 1920 to 1923 he was chairman of the National Union of Turkestans . In 1923 Velidi emigrated to Iran on the occasion of the slow decline of the Basmachi. There he succeeded in the spectacular rediscovery of the records of the medieval traveler and scholar Ahmad ibn Fadlan .
From 1925 Velidi lived in Turkey, where he worked as a lecturer and professor at the University of Istanbul . He participated in the rewriting of Turkish history , but because of his politics in the tsarist empire was seen as a divider of the Turkish people, because he differentiated between Bashkirs and Tatars.
From the winter semester 1931/32 to the winter semester 1933/34 Velidi studied as "Ahmet Zeki Validi" for four semesters (he paused in the summer semester 1932) at the University of Vienna history and oriental studies with Alfons Dopsch, among others . The short period of study was made possible by the crediting of four semesters that he had completed at the "Kasimije" teacher training institute in Kazan. He finished his studies with a issued on April 25, 1935 Absolutorium before he graduated after approval of his thesis "Ibn Fadlan's trip reports. His reports on experiences of Arab embassy in the country of the Oghuz, Pečenegen, Bashkirs and Bulgars" on June 7, 1935 has been.
He was later professor at the University of Bonn from 1935 to 1937 and professor at the University of Göttingen from 1938 to 1939 . In National Socialist Germany he was strongly influenced by racist ideas. In 1941 he returned to Turkey and campaigned for the establishment of a Great Turkish "thoroughbred" state that would unite all Turkic peoples.
In 1967 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Manchester .
Velidi participated in the creation of the encyclopedia of the Turkic peoples . The contributions he published on the culture , language and history of the Turkic peoples have been translated into many languages.
literature
- Friedrich Bergdolt: The intellectual background of the Turkish historian Ahmed Zeki Velidi Togan after his memoir. Schwarz, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-922968-00-7 ( digitized version ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kemal Bozay : "Exile Turkey: a research contribution on German-speaking emigration to Turkey (1933–1945)". Münster: Lit, 2001. 131 pp., ISBN 3-8258-5103-6 , p. 65
Web links
- Literature by and about Zeki Velidi Togan in the catalog of the German National Library
- Togan as Basmachi
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Velidi Togan, Zeki |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Validi Togan, Zeki; Вәлиди, Әхмәтзәки (Bashkir); Äxmätzäki Wälidiev Äxmätşa ulı (maiden name); Äxmätzäki Wälidi Äxmätşa ulı (maiden name, alternative spelling); Вәлидиев Әхмәтзәки Әхмәтша улы (maiden name, Bashkir); Вәлиди Әхмәтзәки Әхмәтша улы (maiden name, Bashkir, alternative spelling) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Historian, Turkologist, leader of the Bashkir revolution and liberation movement |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 10, 1890 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kusjanowo near Sterlitamak |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 26, 1970 |
| Place of death | Istanbul |