Activism (Kurt Hiller)

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Activism was the name of a pacifist movement in Germany that existed from 1914 to the 1920s . It was founded by the writer and publicist Kurt Hiller and aimed to “activate the spiritual to bring about a new era of humanity” ( departure to paradise ).

The activism formed a kind of minor flow of Expressionism . It is a matter of a loose connection mainly between writers who cultivated a predominantly literary and literary critical discourse. Common to the various directions of this movement was the pacifist- socialist tendency. One of the journalistic organs was Das Ziel. Spiritual Politics Yearbook . From 1916 to 1924 a total of five yearbooks were published, first in Berlin by Georg Müller and Munich, then in Leipzig ( Kurt Wolff ). According to Ursula Baumeister, activism is the cultural radical wing of Expressionism and an aesthetic program.

Well-known representatives and employees at the various organs of the movement were Heinrich Mann , Kurt Hiller, Max Brod , Walter Benjamin , Hedwig Dohm , Alfred Wolfenstein , Ludwig Rubiner , Gustav Landauer , Kurt Pinthus , Hans Blüher , Helene Stöcker , Gustav Wyneken , Hellmut von Gerlach , Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi , Armin T. Wegner , Rudolf Leonhard , Walther Rilla , Hugo Sinzheimer , Rudolf Kayser , Johannes Maria Verweyen , Frank Thieß , Magnus Hirschfeld , Otto Flake , Alfred Kerr , Friedrich Bauermeister , Frederik van Eeden , Salomo Friedlaender , Otto Ernst Hesse , Hermann Kesser , Alfred Kurella , Berta Lask , Alfred Lemm , Richard Mattheus , Leo Matthias , Hans Natonek , Carl Maria Weber , Alfred Kubin , Carl von Ossietzky , Hans Koch-Dieffenbach , Arnold Ulitz , Max Deri , Felix Emmel , Karl Gareis , Theodor Haubach , Ernst Hierl and Robert Müller .

See also

literature

  • Kurt Hiller: The departure to paradise. A book of theses. Munich Desch 1952 (First edition of the version expanded by a second part. The first part of the volume was published by Kurt Wolff in 1922 under the title "Der Aufbruch zum Paradies. Sentences".)
  • Kurt Hiller: Spirit become master. Berlin: Erich Reiss, 1920 (rallies by an activist before, during and after the war.) The volume collects Hiller's early political and pacifist writings that were written outside of the target yearbooks on the Bund der Geistige and the activism created by Hiller.
  • Kurt Hiller (ed.): The goal. Calls to active mind. Georg Müller, Munich-Berlin. 1916 (This first volume of the target yearbooks appeared at the end of 1915. It was banned in 1916 due to its pacifist stance. Source: Zeitschriften-Raabe 105.)
  • Kurt Hiller: Gustav Wyneken's education and activism. Hanover Steegemann. 1919 (The Silver Column, Vol. 4)
  • Paul Raabe (editor): I cut out the time. Expressionism and politics in Franz Pfemfert's "Aktion" . Munich 1964.
  • Wolfgang Rothe (editor): Activism 1915–1920. With short biographies of the contributors. With an afterword by Rothe. With contributions by Heinrich Mann, Kurt Hiller, Max Brod, Ludwig Rubiner, Gustav Landauer, Kurt Pinthus and others. a. Munich, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1969
  • Eva Kolinsky: Committed Expressionism. Politics and literature between the World War and the Weimar Republic. An Analysis of Expressionist Magazines. Stuttgart 1970.
  • Helmut Kreuzer and Günter Helmes (eds.): Expressionism - Activism - Exotism. Studies of the literary work of Robert Müller 1887–1924. With contemporary reception documents and a bibliography. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1981
  • Juliane Habereder: Kurt Hiller and literary activism. On the intellectual history of the political poet in the early 20th century. Frankfurt: Lang 1981, ISBN 3-8204-6202-3 .
  • Harald Lützenkirchen: "The" goal "year books, manifestos of activism", in: Writings of the Kurt Hiller Society. Volume 1. Ed. Dr. Harald Lützenkirchen. With 1 portrait and 4 full-page illustrations. Fürth: Klaußner 2001.
  • Robert Müller: "Activist sentences", in: Daimon, H. 4, Vienna 1918, pp. 210-213.
  • Robert Müller: "The writing politician", in: Die Neue Bücherschau, No. 3, 1919, pp. 17-23.
  • Robert Müller: "The Activist", in: Der Neue Merkur, 4th year, 1st half volume, April – Sept. 1920, pp. 183-185.
  • Robert Müller: "The circle of activism. A dialogue of the activist character", in: The goal. Yearbooks for intellectual politics, vol. 4, ed. by Kurt Hiller, Munich 1920, pp. 190ff.
  • Robert Müller: " Thomas Mann , France, Activism", in: Der Neue Merkur, 5th year, 1921/22, pp. 717–725.
  • Robert Müller: "Der Untergang des Geistes", in: Künstlerhilfe-Almanach der Literaria, Vienna-Leipzig 1924, pp. 84–96.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerald Raunig: The author as a traitor , in: republicart.net , 10/2004 (as pdf) preprint from Gerald Raunig: Art and Revolution. Artistic activism in the long 20th century , table of contents Turia + Kant, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-85132-425-0 (This is a contribution about Walter Benjamin's essay The Author as Producer from 1934)
  2. ↑ Ursula Baumeister: The action 1911-1932. Journalistic opposition and literary activism of the magazine in a restrictive context , Palm & Enke, Erlangen 1996, ISBN 3-7896-0807-6 , p. 43 (referenced in the article by Raunig 2004)