Solomon Friedlaender

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Salomo Friedlaender (name variants: Salomon ; Friedländer ; pseudonym: Mynona ; * May 4, 1871 in Gollantsch near Posen ; † September 9, 1946 in Paris ) was a German philosopher and writer who worked primarily in the literary avant-garde .

Life

Memorial plaque on the house at Johann-Georg-Strasse 20 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf

Friedlaender came from a well-to-do family of doctors. At the age of 23 he began to study medicine at the University of Munich , but soon switched to dentistry , which he studied in Berlin . There he gave up medicine in 1896 in favor of philosophy. In the following year Friedlaender moved to the University of Jena to study archeology , German , history and art history . He successfully completed this course in 1902 with a doctorate on Arthur Schopenhauer and Immanuel Kant . Since 1899 - through his brother-in-law, the Essen Rabbi Salomon Samuel - meetings with the Essen philosopher Ernst Marcus took place, whose most important pupil he became.

From 1906 he lived as a freelance writer in Berlin , where he made friends a. a. with Martin Buber , Alfred Kubin , Gustav Landauer , Else Lasker-Schüler , Samuel Lublinski , Erich Mühsam , Ludwig Rubiner , Paul van Ostaijen and Herwarth Walden . He also associated with Raoul Hausmann , Hannah Höch , Ludwig Meidner and Paul Scheerbart .

Under the pseudonym Mynona ( read anonymously backwards) Friedlaender made his debut in expressionist magazines such as Der Sturm , Die Aktion , der Jugend or die Weißen Blätter . In 1919, together with the younger brother of his brother-in-law Salomon Samuel in Essen, Ernst Samuel, who called himself Anselm Ruest as an author and publicist , he also founded the Stirner Association in Berlin and the magazine Der Einzige, named after Stirner's main work Der Einzige and his property .

Friedlaender's texts combine expressionist and Dadaist elements with the forms of the grotesque and parody , giving the literary avant-garde new impetus. Many of his texts also contain sharp-tongued social criticism. He saw himself as a synthesis of Immanuel Kant and Charlie Chaplin .

In Gray Magic (1922) is about the "up gray end magic of the future" that neither God (white) has necessary nor devil (Black), a move thought. The magic of reason is supposed to change life for the better. What is mysteriously wrapped up here is reminiscent of Kant's ether theory and Ernst Marcus' theory of natural magic. They are presented in a mixture of science fiction, the grotesque, fairy tales and crime novels. The "Berliner Nachkeyroman" (subtitle) is set in everyday life during the Weimar Republic and turns well-known personalities of the twenties, such as Hinrichsen (clairvoyant Hanussen ) or Kassandrus (historical philosopher Oswald Spengler ) into fictional characters. Humorous heroes of this book are the philosopher Sucram (Marcus) and his opponent Morvitius, the criminal who always gets away. They embody the (futile?) Search for a unifying morality in a new world. The novel thus interweaves technical aspects of the time it was written, such as the industrial awakening, early film, radio and telephone. It offers a (as seen from today) a realistic view of the future, in which there is already a hint of skepticism towards the industrial age. Gray magic offers wise and bizarre texts.

In 1929 Mynona satirically targeting the previous life of Erich Maria Remarque , who had become known nothing new from the novel In the West . With the book Did Erich Maria Remarque Really Live? however, he drew the wrath of the writer Kurt Tucholsky . Friedlaender sharply reprimanded Remarque for this pseudo-unmasking:

The specifically German repugnance that so pollutes the air of our politics blows through this book of Mynonas. In this country objections are responded to by saying: the objector has a red beard and a constipated mother-in-law. Instead of ridiculing and fighting Breitscheid and Hilferding as intellectual types, it is argued: "And then Breitscheid had a gold seal made for himself in 1897, but only paid for amalgam!" Anathema sit .
(Ignaz Wrobel: Did Mynona really live?, In: Die Weltbühne , December 31, 1929, p. 15f.)

Tucholsky then refused to print a replica of Friedlaender in the Weltbühne . A few years later he remembered the episode as follows:

Of course I had 'a lot of honor', namely 'a lot of enemy'. A journalist famous at the time, who later ended up suicide, murdered me in his 'world stage'. As the educated world is, she revealed me to him.
(Ich (1871-1936): Autobiographical sketch (from the estate) , Bielefeld 2003, p. 90f.)

Mynona had also made herself unpopular with other authors, and so Thomas Mann replied to a letter from René Schickele in 1939 with the request that Mynona be assisted:

“I don't like Mynona and I don't want to see him with me. He always had a cheeky Thersites mouth. ”(Thomas Mann: Letter of July 29, 1939, in: Briefe 1937-1947 , Frankfurt / Main 1963)

A few weeks after the National Socialists came to power , Friedlaender emigrated to Paris . There he died impoverished at the age of 75 on September 9, 1946.

Friedlaender's estate is in the Akademie der Künste in Berlin. The administrator and rights holder is Hartmut Geerken , who also publishes Friedlaender's "Collected Writings".

Plaque

A memorial plaque for Salomo Friedlaender can be found in Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Johann-Georg-Straße 20, on the house where he lived until he emigrated.

Works

Editions and collections

Fiction literature

  • Through blue veils. Poems. AR Meyer, Berlin 1908. Published under the name Salomo Friedlaender.
  • Rosa, the beautiful policeman. Grotesques. White Books Publishing House, Leipzig 1913
  • For dogs and other people. The storm , Berlin 1914
  • Black White Red. Grotesques. Kurt Wolff Verlag , Leipzig 1916
  • A hundred candies. Sonnets. Lid drawing by Alfred Kubin . Georg Müller, Munich 1918
  • The bank of scoffers. A non-novel. Kurt Wolff, Munich 1919
  • The creator. Imagination. With 18 pen drawings by Alfred Kubin. Kurt Wolff, Munich 1920
  • Only for gentlemen. Un-joyful grotesques. Banas & Dette, Hanover 1920
  • Under the shroud. A night piece. Paul Steegemann, Hanover 1920 (with Kubin illustrations for the first time in 1927). New edition JMB, Hannover 2018, ISBN 978-3-95945-001-0
  • My papa and the maid of Orléans. Along with other grotesques. Kurt Wolff, Munich 1921
  • The unruly bridal bed and other grotesques. Kurt Wolff, Munich 1921
  • Gray magic. Berlin key novel. With 6 drawings by Lothar Hohmeyer. Rudolf Kaemmerer, Dresden 1922. Reprint: Fannei & Walz 1989. New edition Ullstein, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-548-24512-9
  • Trappist strike and other grotesques. Walter Heinrich, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1922
  • Tarzaniade parody. Verlag der Tageblatt-Buchhandlung, Hanover 1924
  • I want to bark and other grotesques. Sea urchins, Berlin 1924
  • The railroad luck or anti-Freud Elena Gottschalk Vlg, Berlin 1925. With 10 Illustr. v. Hans Bellmer
  • My hundredth birthday and other grimaces. Jahode & Siegel, Vienna 1928
  • Did Erich Maria Remarque really live? The man. The work. The genius. 1000 words of remarque. Paul Steegemann, Berlin & Leipzig 1929
  • The wrong way back or Knackes dealing with fleas. Paul Steegemann, Berlin 1931
  • The laughing Job and other grotesques. Editions du Phénix, Paris 1935

Philosophical literature

  • Robert Mayer. Theodor Thomas, Leipzig 1905
  • Logic. The doctrine of thinking. H. Hillger, Berlin 1907
  • Psychology. The teaching of the soul. H. Hillger, Berlin 1907
  • Jean Paul as a thinker. Thoughts from all of his works. Ed. from Solomon Friedlaender. Piper, Munich 1907
  • Schopenhauer. Breviary. Robert Lutz, Stuttgart 1907
  • Friedrich Nietzsche. An intellectual biography. Göschen, Berlin 1911
  • Creative indifference. Müller, Munich 1918
  • Like a prism. Thoughts and looks under the sign of Kant. Taifun, Vlg., Frankfurt 1924
  • Kant for children. Question textbook for moral instruction. Paul Steegemann, Hannover 1924. New edition 2004, ISBN 3-487-12806-3
  • Catechism of Magic. Based on Immanuel Kant's "On the Power of Mind" and Ernst Marcus ' "Theory of Natural Magic". Presented in the form of questions and answers. Merlin Verlag, Heidelberg 1926. New edition: Aurum Vlg., Freiburg 1978, ISBN 3-591-08051-9
  • The philosopher Ernst Marcus as Kant's successor. Life and teaching. Baedeker, Essen, 1930
  • Kant versus Einstein. Question textbook (based on Immanuel Kant and Ernst Marcus) for teaching the rational science preconditions of natural science. The New Spirit, Berlin 1932
  • The magical me. Elements of critical polarism. (from the estate) 2001, ISBN 3-89528-336-3
  • I (1871–1936): autobiographical sketch. (from the estate) 2003, ISBN 3-89528-394-0
  • Magic in Knittel verse. (from the estate and with a foreword by Detlef Thiel) 2013, ISBN 978-3-902871-34-3

literature

  • Peter Cardorff: Friedlaender (Mynona) as an introduction. Junius, Hamburg 1988, ISBN 3-88506-838-9
  • Lisbeth Exner : Carnival as logic. About Solomon Friedlaender / Mynona. Belleville, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-923646-35-6 . First biography and complete work presentation.
  • Lisbeth Exner:  Mynona. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 670 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Daniel Hoffmann: Mynona. In: Andreas B. Kilcher (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon of German-Jewish Literature. Jewish authors in the German language from the Enlightenment to the present. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2000, ISBN 3-476-01682-X .
  • The world-pregnant nothing. Salomo Friedlaenders “creative indifference” In: Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb, Nancy Amendt-Lyon (ed.): The art of gestalt therapy. Springer, Vienna 2006, ISBN 978-3-211-27091-2 (print), ISBN 978-3-211-35720-0
  • Detlef Thiel: Portrait of Salomo Friedlaender / Mynona. In: Information Philosophy , April 2014, pp. 42–48
  • Rolf Schütte: The middle of the difference. Reason and the grotesque. Philosophy of polarity and literary fantasy in the work of Salomo Friedlaender / Mynona. Friedlaender Mynona Studies Vol. 4, Waitawhile 2016, BoD, Norderstedt, ISBN 978-3-7412-3754-6

Web links

Commons : Salomo Friedlaender  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Salomo Friedlaender  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kurt Tucholsky: Did Mynona really live? , 1929, full text
  2. ↑ See the edition plan .
personal data
SURNAME Friedlaender, Solomon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mynona (pseudonym); Friedländer, Solomon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and writer
DATE OF BIRTH May 4, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Gollantsch
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1946
Place of death Paris