Ala II Flavia
The Ala II Flavia [milliaria] [pia fidelis] [Alexandriana] ( German 2. Ala the Flavian [1000 men] [loyal and loyal] [the Alexandrian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps. In diplomas from 74 to 82 she is referred to as Ala II Flavia Gemina , in a diploma from 116 as Ala II milliaria .
Name components
- Ala : The Ala was a cavalry unit of the auxiliary troops in the Roman army .
- II : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the second ( Latin secunda ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Ala secunda ...
- Flavia : the Flavian. The honorary designation refers to the Flavian emperors Vespasian , Titus or Domitian .
- Gemina : ( Latin Geminus twin). The Ala probably emerged under Vespasian from the amalgamation of two units that had suffered heavy losses during the Batavian uprising around AD 69/70. The addition occurs in the military diplomas from 74 to 82.
- milliaria : 1000 men. The unit was possibly originally an Ala quingenaria with a nominal strength of 480 men, which was expanded under Domitian (81-96). By 86 at the latest, however , it had been expanded into an ala milliaria . The addition appears in the military diplomas from 86 to 162 and in inscriptions. In the military diplomas, the symbol is used instead of milliaria .
- pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. The Ala did not receive this award like other units after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus in 89, but before, probably in 83 for their participation in a campaign against Germanic tribes. The addition appears in military diplomas from 86 to 157 and in an inscription.
- Alexandriana : the Alexandrian. An honorary title that refers to Severus Alexander (222-235). The addition appears in an inscription.
The unit was an ala milliaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 720 men, consisting of 24 towers with 30 riders each.
history
The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Germania and Raetia (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 74-162.
The first evidence of unity in Germania is based on a diploma dated 74. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 76 to 82, prove unity in the same province.
The first evidence in the province of Raetia is based on a diploma dated 86. The diploma lists the Ala as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Raetia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 107 to 162, prove unity in the same province.
In the winter of 88/89 Titus Flavius Norbanus , the procurator of the province of Raetia , led the unit from Raetia to Mogontiacum to help put down the revolt of Lucius Antonius Saturninus .
The last evidence of the Ala is based on an inscription dated 222/235.
Locations
Locations of the Ala in Raetia were possibly:
- Aalen : several inscriptions and two bricks with the stamp of unity were found here. Around 160 the unit was relocated to Aalen, where it remained stationed until the 3rd century.
- Günzburg : an inscription was found here.
- Aquileia ( Heidenheim ): several inscriptions were found here. The unit was relocated to Heidenheim around 106/117.
Members of the Ala
The following members of the Ala are known:
Commanders
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Others
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See also
Web links
literature
- Farkas István Gergő: The Roman Army in Raetia , dissertation, University of Pécs Faculty of Humanities 2015 ( PDF )
- John EH Spaul : Ala². The Auxiliary Cavalry Units of the Pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army. Nectoreca Press, Andover 1994, ISBN 0-9525062-0-3 .
Remarks
- ↑ a b The scenario given here assumes that Ala II Flavia Gemina stationed in Germania is identical to Ala II Flavia milliaria pia fidelis stationed in Raetia .
- ^ According to John EH Spaul, this was suggested by Conrad Cichorius and Eric Birley .
- ↑ According to Farkas István Gergő, Dietwulf Baatz and Wolfgang Czysz suggested that the Ala was stationed in Günzburg at the end of the 1st century.
- ↑ a b c The assignment of the soldiers and the reproduction of their names follows Farkas István Gergő; John EH Spaul and the Clauss-Slaby epigraphy database deviate from this.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c John EH Spaul , Ala², pp. 111-114.
- ↑ Inscriptions with milliaria ( AE 1980, 659 , CIL 6, 31032 , CIL 8, 23068 , CIL 14, 2287 , CIL 14, 4467 , IBR 00208 ).
- ↑ a b c d e f Farkas István Gergő, The Roman Army, pp. 125–126, 244–259, 337–346, 442–460.
- ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Titus Flavius Norbanus, praefectus praetorio Domitians, as governor of Rhaetia in a new military diploma In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 163 (2007), pp. 239-251, here pp. 246-247 ( online ).
- ↑ Inscription with pia fidelis ( CIL 14, 2287 ).
- ^ Inscription with Alexandriana ( AE 1986, 529 ).
- ↑ Military diplomas of the years 74 ( CIL 16, 20 ), 76 ( RMM 2 ), 82 ( CIL 16, 28 ), 86 ( ZPE-163-239 ), 107 ( CIL 16, 55 ), 116 ( RMD 3, 155 , RMD 4, 229 ), 125/128 ( RMD 1, 32 ), 128/133 ( AE 2005, 1149 , AE 2005, 1150 ), 129 ( RMD 4, 243 ), 138/140 ( RMD 2, 94 ), 139 ( RMD 5, 386 ), 151/170 ( RMD 1, 51 ), 153 ( CIL 16, 101 ), 154/161 ( CIL 16, 117 , RMD 3, 175 ), 156 ( CIL 16, 183 ), 157 ( RMD 3, 170 , RMD 4, 275 , RMM 38 ), 159/160 ( AE 2005, 1153 ) and 162 ( CIL 16, 118 ).
- ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 159–160, tables 3–4 ( PDF ).
- ^ Inscription ( AE 1986, 529 ).
- ^ Inscriptions from Aalen ( AE 1986, 528 , AE 1986, 529 , AE 1989, 583 , AE 2004, 1061 , CCID 476 ).
- ↑ Bricks from Aalen : stamp AL II FL ( CIL 3, 14371.01 , CIL 3, 14371.02 , IBR 00501a , IBR 00501b ).
- ^ Inscription from Günzburg ( AE 1911, 228 ).
- ^ Inscriptions from Heidenheim ( AE 2004, 1059 , IBR 00208 , post 00265 , post 00269 , post 00347 ).