Ala I Pannoniorum (Moesia)

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The Ala I Pannoniorum ( German  1. Ala of the Pannonians ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. The Ala is identical to both the Ala I Gallorum et Pannoniorum and the Ala I Pannoniorum et Gallorum , which are listed in military diplomas from AD 120 to 157.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Ala prima ...
  • Pannoniorum : the Pannonian . The soldiers of the Ala were recruited from the various tribes of the Pannonians in the area of ​​the Roman province of Pannonia when the unit was established .
  • Gallorum et Pannoniorum : the Gauls and Pannonians. Between 111 and 120, a larger number of Gallic horsemen were newly admitted to the unit, which led to the name change.
  • catafractata : the cataphracts . The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no reference to the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was an Ala quingenaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 480 men, consisting of 16 towers with 30 riders each.

history

The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia , Moesia inferior and Dacia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 92-157 AD.

The unit was probably set up during the reigns of Augustus or Tiberius . The unit was initially stationed in Dalmatia before it was moved to the province of Pannonia . At an unspecified point in time, the Ala was then transferred to Moesia .

The first evidence of unity in the province of Moesia inferior is based on a military diploma dated 92. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in Moesia inferior . Other diplomas, dated from 99 to 111, prove unity in the same province. The diploma of 113/114 shows that the Ala was part of the troops in the province of Dacia for some time (see Roman forces in Dacia ).

The Ala probably took part in Trajan's Parthian War afterwards . The losses suffered in the process were probably compensated by Gallic horsemen who were newly accepted into the unit. This would explain why the Ala is listed as Ala I Gallorum et Pannoniorum in the diplomas for Moesia inferior from 120 to 157 . In the military diplomas of 127 it appears as Ala I Pannoniorum et Gallorum .

Locations

Locations of the Ala in Pannonia may have been:

Locations of the Ala in Moesia inferior were possibly:

  • Troesmis (Iglitza): Bricks with the stamp ALA I PAN were found here.

Members of the Ala

The following members of the Ala are known:

Commanders

Others

See also

Remarks

  1. ↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of Yann Le Bohec , Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu and Margaret M. Roxan . It is based on two different units with this designation: the Ala I Pannoniorum (Africa) , which was stationed in the province of Africa and a second unit of the same name, the Ala I Pannoniorum (Moesia) , which was stationed in the province of Moesia inferior . John Spaul, on the other hand, assumes a single Ala who was stationed in both provinces. All inscriptions from the province of Africa (or Numidia ) are therefore assigned to the Ala I Pannoniorum (Africa) ; all other inscriptions, however, are from Ala I Pannoniorum (Moesia) .
  2. ↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu and Margaret M. Roxan. It assumes that the Ala I Gallorum et Pannoniorum , which is recorded from 120 in Moesia inferior , arose from the Ala I Pannoniorum (Moesia) ; possibly this happened because the Ala I Pannoniorum (Moesia) was merged with an Ala Gallorum , which had also suffered heavy losses in the Parthian War. John Spaul, on the other hand, assumes a newly formed unit, the Ala Gallorum et Pannoniorum Catafracta , which consisted of heavily armored riders (see cataphract ).

literature

  • Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004 ( PDF ).
  • John EH Spaul : Ala². The Auxiliary Cavalry Units of the Pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army. Nectoreca Press, Andover 1994, ISBN 0-9525062-0-3 .
  • John EH Spaul: Ala I Pannoniorum - One or Many In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . Volume 105 (1995), pp. 63-73 ( PDF ).
  • Margaret M. Roxan , Werner Eck : A Diploma of Moesia Inferior: 125 June. 1 In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy. Volume 116 (1997), pp. 193-203 ( PDF ).
  • Margaret M. Roxan: An Auxiliary / Fleet Diploma of Moesia Inferior: 127 Aug 20 In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy. Volume 118 (1997), pp. 287-299 ( PDF ).
  • Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296 ( online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inscription with catafractata ( CIL 11, 5632 ).
  2. ↑ a b c John EH Spaul , Ala², pp. 82-84, 167-172.
  3. ↑ Jörg Scheuerbrandt , Exercitus, p. 166 table 9 (PDF p. 168).
  4. ↑ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu, Alae et Cohortes, pp. 267–270.
  5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 92 ( ZPE-148-269 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 44 ), 105 ( RMM 10 ), 107 ( AE 2009, 1803 ), 111 ( RMD 4, 222 ), 113/114 ( RMD 4, 225 ), 120 ( AE 2009, 1808 ), 125 ( AE 2009, 1810 , RMD 4, 235 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 241 , ZPE-165-232 ), 134 ( CIL 16, 78 ), 138 ( RMD 4 , 253 ), 145 ( RMD 3, 165 ), 146 ( AE 2007, 1233 , AE 2009, 1816 , RMD 4, 270 ) and 157 ( RMD 1, 50 ).
  6. ↑ a b Margaret M. Roxan , Werner Eck , A Diploma, pp. 195–196 (PDF pp. 5–6).
  7. ↑ Margaret M. Roxan, An Auxiliary / Fleet Diploma, p. 290 (PDF p. 6).
  8. ↑ Inscriptions from Arrabona ( CIL 3, 4372 , CIL 3, 4376 , CIL 3, 4377 )
  9. ↑ Inscriptions from Savaria ( CIL 3, 4227 , CIL 3, 4228 )
  10. ^ A b John EH Spaul, Ala I Pannoniorum, pp. 66, 69, 71.
  11. ↑ Brick stamp ( CIL 3, 6242 )