Alangium
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Illustration of Alangium salviifolium from Engler's "Das Pflanzenreich" |
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The genus Alangium belongs to the dogwood family (Cornaceae). The twenty or so plant species are mainly found in Southeast Asia, with a few species found north to Japan, west to Madagascar and Africa.
description
All species in this genus are woody plants , both evergreen and deciduous species, which grow as trees or shrubs , rarely also lianas . The alternate arranged leaves are simple, entire or slightly lobed.
The flowers are several as zymous inflorescences in the leaf axils. The flowers are white or whitish-yellow. The narrow petals bend back or curl up when the flower bud is opened. The large anthers protrude from the flower on long stamens . The ovary is subordinate. The result is a lonely stone fruit .
distribution
The distribution center of Alangium is Southeast Asia, in the north of Japan and Korea via China, the southern slope of the Himalayas via the Indonesian islands to tropical Australia. The westernmost distribution areas are found in Madagascar and Africa.
The size of the populated area is very different from species to species: Alangium chinense occurs from China to Africa - with corresponding variations that have led to numerous synonyms. Other species such as Alangium circulare , Alangium havilandii or Alangium longiflorum are on the red list as "vulnerable" because their habitat has become dangerously smaller.
There are no species native to Central Europe; Alangium platanifolium or Alangium chinense are rarely seen as ornamental trees.
use
Some species are used medicinally, including Alangium chinense and Alangium salviifolium . They are sometimes planted as ornamental trees because of the pretty, fragrant flowers.
Systematics
The genus Alangium was established in 1783 by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck in Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique , 1, p. 174. Synonyms for Alangium Lam. are: Angolam Adans. , Angolamia Scop. , Diacicarpium flower , Kara-angolam Adans. , Marlea Roxb. , Pautsauvia Juss. , Pseudalangium F. Muell. , Rhytidandra A. Gray , Stelanthes Stokes , Stylidium Lour. nom. rej ., Stylis Poir. , Karangolum Kuntze .
About twenty species belong to the genus Alangium :
- Alangium alpinum (CBClarke) WWSm. & Cave : It is spread from the eastern Himalayas via Myanmar to south-central China (only southern Tibet and western Yunnan ).
- Alangium barbatum (R.Br. ex CBClarke) Baill. ex Kuntze (Syn .: Alangium faberi Oliv. ): The three subspecies are distributed from the eastern Himalaya via Indochina to China ( Guangdong , southern Guangxi , southern Yunnan).
- Alangium brachyanthum Merr. : This endemic occurs only on the Philippine island of Luzon .
- Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms : The range includes tropical and subtropical Asia and the area from Cameroon and Ethiopia to southern Africa .
- Alangium circulare B.C.Stone & Kochummen : The home is Sarawak on Borneo.
- Alangium faberi olive. (Syn .: Alangium tetrandrum R.H. Miao ): There are several subspecies in China.
- Alangium grisolleoides Capuron : It is native to northern and central Madagascar .
- Alangium havilandii Bloemb. : The home is Sarawak on Borneo.
- Alangium javanicum (flower) Wangerin : The six varieties are distributed from the Andamans to the Solomon Islands .
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Alangium kurzii Craib : The range extends from China to western Malesia .: There are varieties:
- Alangium kurzii var. Handelii (Schnarf) WPFang (Syn .: Alangium handelii Schnarf ): It is widespread in China, Korea and Japan.
- Alangium kurzii Craib var. Kurzii (Syn .: Alangium begoniifolium subsp. Tomentosum (Blume) Palm , Alangium chinense var. Tomentosum (Blume) Merrill , Alangium chungii H.L.Li , Alangium kurzii var. Laxifolium (YCWu) WPFang , Alangium kurzii var. Umbellatum (YCYang) WPFang , Alangium rotundifolium var. laxifolium Y.C.Wu , Alangium tomentosum (flower) Koorders non Lam. , Alangium umbellatum Y.C.Yang ): It is widely used by Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
- Alangium kwangsiense Melch. : It thrives in dense forests at altitudes below 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi.
- Alangium longiflorum Merr. : It iswidespreadfrom the Philippines to northern Borneo .
- Alangium maliliense Bloemb. : The home is Sulawesi .
- Alangium nobile (CBClarke) Harms : It is common in western Malesia.
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Alangium platanifolium (Siebold & Zucc.) Harms : The range extends from China, Japan and Korea to Russia's Far East . There are two varieties:
- Alangium platanifolium (Siebold & Zucc.) Harms var. Platanifolium : It occurs in Japan and Korea.
- Alangium platanifolium var. Trilobum (Miq.) Ohwi (Syn .: Alangium sinicum (Nakai) SYHu, Spongberg & Z.Cheng ): She's from Korea, Japan, Taiwan and northeastern Yunnan and Zhejiang common.
- Alangium premnifolium Ohwi : It is distributed from the Japanese Kyushu to Nansei-shoto .
- Alangium qingchuanense M.Y.He : It thrives in forests at altitudes of around 2300 meters only in northern Sichuan.
- Alangium ridleyi King : It is common from Indochina to Sumatra.
- Alangium rotundifolium (Hassk.) Bloemb. : It is common in western Malesia.
- Alangium salviifolium (L. f.) Wangerin (Syn .: Alangium lamarckii Thwaites ): The two subspecies arewidespreadfrom eastern tropical Africa and the Comoros and from the Indian subcontinent via southern China to tropical Asia and New Guinea .
- Alangium scandens Bloemb. : The homeland is Sumatra and Borneo.
- Alangium taiwanianum Masam. (probably belongs to a subspecies of Alangium chinense ): The home is Taiwan.
- Alangium tonkinense Gagnep .: The home is Vietnam.
- Alangium uniloculare (Griff.) King (Syn .: Alangium griffithii (CBClarke) Harms ): It is widespread from Thailand to Malesia.
- Alangium villosum (flower) Wangerin ( incl.Alangium vitiense ) (A.Gray) Baill. ex Harms and Pseudalangium polyosmoides F. Muell. : With ten subspecies. The distribution area extends from Java to the southwest islands in the Pacific.
- Alangium yunnanense C.Y.Wu ex WPFang : It thrives in forests at altitudes of around 1400 meters only in central Yunnan .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Alangium at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ George E. Schatz: Malagasy / Indo-australo-malesian Phytogeographic Connections . In: WR Lourenço (Ed.): Biogeography of Madagascar . 1996 ( MBG: Research: Projects: Africa: Malagasy / Indo-australo-malesian Phytogeographic Connections [accessed February 5, 2007]).
- ↑ a b Search for "Alangium" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ↑ Andreas Bärtels: Alangium, distinctive exotic species . In: gardening practice . tape 27 , no. 1 , 2001, p. 20-21 .
- ↑ YES Duke, ES Ayensu: Medicinal Plants of China . Reference Publications, 1985, ISBN 0-917256-20-4 .
- ^ Alangium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 3, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Alangium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 3, 2015.
- ^ Alangium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ APNI = Australian Plant Name Index species list Alangium
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Haining Qin, Chamlong Phengklai: Alangiaceae. : Alangium , p. 304 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7
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