Albrunna lund
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Albrunna lund
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| location | Sweden |
| surface | 36.6 ha |
| WDPA ID | 151365 |
| Geographical location | 56 ° 19 ' N , 16 ° 25' E |
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| Setup date | 1997 |
| administration | Kalmar County Provincial Administration |
Albrunna lund is a deciduous forest and nature reserve on the Swedish island of Öland in the Baltic Sea .
location
The forest is located in the southwestern part of the island, east of the town of Albrunna on the western edge of the barren Alvar landscape of the Stora Alvaret . The Albrunna lund forms the western part of the 467 hectare Albrunna nature reserve , which has existed since 1998, and which in its eastern part comprises areas of the Stora Alvaret. The Albrunna lund forest area covers an area of 36 hectares. Towards the Stora Alvaret, the forest is demarcated by an old stone wall that was built to limit grazing.
The forest is divided into two spatially separate areas, the larger northern part and a smaller, younger southern part. The area is designated as a Natura 2000 area .
history
The small forest represents the southernmost remainder of a large deciduous forest that originally ran along the west coast of Öland. Another remnant of this forest is, for example, Halltorps hage in the central part of the coast. Carl von Linné visited Albrunna lund on June 17, 1741 on his Öland trip and described it as a beautiful oak forest. He mentioned several herbs ( laser herb , garlic rocket and liverwort ) that can still be found today on the edge of the forest.
However, 86 years later the forest had completely disappeared. The chronicler Abraham Ahlquist noted in 1827 that the remains of an old oak forest could be found in the field near Albrunna. The reason for this was the lifting of the restrictive hunting and forestry regulations in 1801. Before that, Öland was considered a royal hunting ground for several centuries. Trees and game were state property and were not allowed to be used by the local population. The drastic provisions of the Hunting Ordinance went so far that the farmers' dogs had to have one leg amputated so that the dogs did not pose a threat to the game.
With the abolition of the hunting grounds, the previous state property was given to local farmers. A dramatic overexploitation began, which was based on both a shortage of timber and the deliberate excessive use of the new rights. The Albrunna forest disappeared within a very short time.
The area was used for agriculture and mainly for hay production. Large meadows existed between individual deciduous trees and bushes. The trees in the deciduous meadows were pruned regularly and the meadows grazed. This use probably lasted until the beginning of the 20th century. Until the 1960s, areas were used as pastures for cattle and horses. Old maps also show a Lek Platts playground in the area of the now regrown forest . This is likely to have been used by the residents of Albrunna for festivals in spring and midsummer .
In the 1930s a dance hall was built in the northern part of the forest, which existed until the 1960s. The concrete foundations can still be seen today. It was here that Swedish Prime Minister Tage Erlander gave an election speech in front of 2,000 people in 1960.
About 15 cellar-like rooms are distributed in the forest area. These are shelters that the Swedish military built during the Second World War .
ecology
Originally the forest was dominated by oaks . Today the ash predominates, but oaks are still present. In the southern forest, oak and birch are more prominent. The oldest trees are in the center of the forest, where the average age of the trees is around 100 years. The bush layer is mainly made up of hazel , red dogwood , blackthorn and eucoat . The hawthorn , which was still more common in the 1920s, declines as the forest becomes denser. The red honeysuckle is particularly noticeable in spring . There are also yellow anemones , wood anemones , celandine , woodcocks , liverwort, meadowfoam , common lungwort , hollow lark's spur , multi-flowered cauliflower , onion-toothroot and, especially often, the adonis flower . The Adonis is possibly the best known plant of Albrunna lund, as it blooms very early and profusely on a protected meadow in the north of the forest, the Lek Platts .
The number of threatened animal species living in the forest area is remarkable. Many species of birds breed here or use Albrunna lund as a resting place , such as the golden cockerel. In 1988 32 bird species breeding in Albrunna lund were counted. These include Kernbeisser , turncoat , Fitislaubsänger , Tree Pipit , Rose Finch , Wren , Warbler , Garden Warbler , Nightingale , and Yellow Warbler . The most common bird is the chaffinch .
You can also see woodbirds , nuthatches , redtails and the oriole . Among the insects, the mourning cloak should be mentioned.
The demarcation to the eastern Alvar area is very clear due to the wall and land use there. In the event of abandonment of land use, there would be an expansion of at least the bushes but also, depending on the depth of the soil, of trees to the east. There would be a smoother transition to the Alvar.
literature
- Anders Johansson, Öland - Grove and Heath . Kalmar 1999, ISBN 91-973285-6-1 , page 35 ff.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sweden 2 . National Parks-worldwide.info. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
- ↑ Länsstyrelsen Kalmar län: Albrunna lund . Länsstyrelsen Kalmar län. Retrieved on January 7, 2013. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Nått nytt om Nåturå 2000 ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Johansson: Hain und Heide , page 42
- ^ Johansson: Hain und Heide , p. 52
- ^ Johansson: Hain und Heide , page 48 f.
- ^ Johansson: Hain und Heide , p. 51
- ^ Johansson: Hain und Heide , p. 48