Alcantarea

Alcantarea
	Alcantarea ordorata
Systematics
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae)
Subfamily :	Tillandsioideae
Genre :	Alcantarea
Scientific name
	Alcantarea
	( E. Morren ex Mez ) Harms

The genus Alcantarea belongs to the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). The 30 to 40 species thrive on rock outcrops only in eastern Brazil .

description

Illustration from Alcantarea regina

Illustration of Alcantarea imperialis

Threefold flower of Alcantarea regina

Appearance and leaves

Alcantarea species are evergreen, perennial , herbaceous plants . They mostly grow as epiphytes or lithophytes , i.e. on trees or on rocks. Usually they are funnel bromeliads. The funnels ("cisterns") for collecting water and nutrients are created by the fact that their shoot axes are compressed and the leaves stand together in rosettes and overlap. The parallel- veined leaves are entire and mostly sword-shaped. These unscaled bromeliads can grow very large, with funnel diameters of over 1 meter. They take many years to form their inflorescence.

Inflorescences and flowers

The large bracts of the 3 to 5 meter high inflorescences are long lasting in many species. The inflorescences can be unbranched or branched. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold. There are three sepals . The three free petals are relatively long, linear and curl up in a spiral. There are two by three stamens . The three carpels are a half under constant ovary grown.

Fruits and seeds

There are fruit capsules formed. The seeds have a "parachute", similar to the dandelion .

Systematics and distribution

The generic name Alcantarea honors the Emperor of Brazil Dom Pedro II. De Alcântara (1840 to 1889). A synonym for Alcantarea (E. Morren ex Mez) Harms is Glaziouia hort. ex Carr .

The systematics of the subfamily Tillandsioideae is subject to constant changes due to the problem of delimitation of the genera and recent phylogenetic studies, according to which the original genus Vriesea was divided into three genera ( Vriesea , Alcantarea and Werauhia ). These species were incorporated into the genus Vriesea , in 1995 Jason R. Grant put them back into an independent genus Alcantarea and most recently it was a subgenus Alcantarea within the genus Vriesea Lindl.

The Alcantarea species thrive on rock outcrops only in eastern Brazil .

There are 30 to 40 species in the genus Alcantarea in 2016 (only 23 species in Luther 2008):
Habit, inflorescence and yellow flowers of Alcantarea geniculata Habit and inflorescence of Alcantarea heloisae Budded inflorescence of Alcantarea nahoumii Compound inflorescence of Alcantarea regina Detail of a compound inflorescence with flowers from Alcantarea regina Alcantarea abacta Versieux : It wasfirst describedin 2015 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais . Alcantarea acuminatifolia Leme : It wasfirst describedin 2013 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais . It thrives on vertical granite rock walls in the area of Mata Atlântica at altitudes of around 400 meters. Alcantarea aurantiaca Versieux : It was first described in 2015 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Alcantarea australiana Versieux & Smythe : It wasfirst describedin 2015 from the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro . Alcantarea benzingii Leme : It only thrives on rocks in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo . Alcantarea brasiliana (LBSm.) JRGrant (Syn .: Vriesea regina sensu Mez ): It thrives on rocks at altitudes of around 500 meters only in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro . Alcantarea burle-marxii (Leme) JRGrant : It thrives on rocks only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Alcantarea cerosa Leme, APFontana & OBCRibeiro : It wasfirst describedin 2010 from the Brazilian state of Bahia . It thrives on vertical granite rock walls in full sun at altitudes of about 323 meters. Alcantarea compacta Leme & OBCRibeiro : It was first described in 2010 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It thrives on rocks in "Campos Rupestres" outcrops at altitudes of 1200 to 1400 meters. Alcantarea distractila Leme & Paula : It was first described in 2008 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It thrives in large stocks on almost vertical rock faces at altitudes of around 300 meters. Alcantarea duarteana (LBSm.) JRGrant : It thrives on rock domes at altitudes of 1250 to 1450 meters only in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Alcantarea extensa (LBSm.) JRGrant : It only grows on rocky outcrops in full sun in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Alcantarea farneyi (Martinelli & A.Costa) JRGrant : It thrives on rocks at altitudes of 1500 to 1600 meters only in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Alcantarea galactea Coser & Versieux : It was first described in 2013 from the Brazilian state of Espı́rito Santo. It thrives on gneiss-granite rocks from only three island mountains at altitudes of 300 to 630 meters. Alcantarea geniculata (Wawra) JRGrant : It only thrives on rocks in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Alcantarea glaucifolia Leme & L. Kollmann : It was first described in 2015 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Alcantarea glaziouana (Lem.) Leme : It only thrives on rocks in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Alcantarea hatschbachii (LBSm. & RWRead) Leme : It only comes in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Alcantarea heloisae J.R.Grant : It was first described from the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro of 2003. It thrives on rocks. Alcantarea imperialis (Carrière) Harms (Syn .: Vriesea gigantea Lem. , Vriesea glaziouana sensu Carrière , Vriesea imperialis Carrière , Tillandsia regina sensu Baker non Vell. , Tillandsia blokii Hemsley , Vriesea blokii hort. Ex Hemsl. , Vriesea blokii (Hemsley) Mez ): It thrives on high cliffs at altitudes of 1300 meters only in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Alcantarea lanceopetala Leme : It was first described in 2014 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It thrives on granite rocks in Mata Atlântica at altitudes of around 1000 meters. Alcantarea longibracteata Leme & Fraga : It thrives on sloping rocks between herbaceous or shrubby vegetation at altitudes of 170 to 600 meters only in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Alcantarea lurida Leme : It was first described in 2008 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Alcantarea martinellii Versieux & Wall. : It was first described in 2009 from the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. This endemic thrives on rocks only on two granite outcrops at altitudes of 1000 to 1300 meters in the Serra dos Órgãos only near Petrópolis. Alcantarea mucilaginosa Leme : It was first described in 2009 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. This endemic thrives on steep granite rocks along the road at altitudes of around 700 meters only near Venda Nova dos Imigrantes. Alcantarea nahoumii (Leme) JRGrant : It only thrives on rocks in the Brazilian state of Bahia. Alcantarea nana Leme : It was first described in 2014 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It only thrives lithophytically on the summit areas of mountains at altitudes of 1000 to 1200 meters. Alcantarea nevaresii Leme : It only thrives on rocks in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Alcantarea nigripetala Leme & L. Kollmann : It was first described in 2008 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. So far it has only been found along the road from Santa Luzia do Córrego Azul to Nova Belém and thrives on sloping granite rocks at altitudes of 610 to 630 meters. Alcantarea occulta Leme : It was first described in 2013 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It thrives terrestrially or sometimes lithophytically at altitudes of 90 to 1550 meters. Alcantarea odorata (Leme) JRGrant : It thrives in large groups in the sun on rocks only in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Alcantarea pataxoana Versieux : It was first described in 2012 from the Brazilian state of Bahia. It thrives in dense groups in full sun on granite rocks in the Mata Atlântica at altitudes of around 536 meters. Alcantarea patriae Versieux & wall. : It was first described in 2007 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. It thrives in the sun on rocks at altitudes of 120 to 400 meters. Alcantarea recurvifolia Leme : It was first described in 2014 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It has so far only been found in the Campos Rupestres vegetation of the Diamantina Plateau and thrives in full sun on bare quartzite rocks at altitudes of around 1350 meters. Alcantarea regina (Vellozo) Harms (Syn .: Tillandsia regina Vell. , Vriesea regina (Vell.) Beer , Vriesea hillegeeriana Baker , Tillandsia blokii Hemsl. , Vriesea blokii (Hemsl.) Mez , Vriesea edmundoi Leme , Alcantarea edmundoi (Leme) JRGrant ): In 2009 it was recognized that Alcantarea edmundoi is a synonym and that the distribution area is therefore larger. It occurs in the Brazilian states of southeastern Minas Gerais, southern Rio de Janeiro and northeastern São Paulo. Alcantarea roberto-kautskyi Leme : It was first described in 1999 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. It thrives lithophytically. Alcantarea simplicisticha Leme & APFontana : It was first described in 2008 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. It thrives on rocks at altitudes of 180 to 360 meters. Alcantarea tortuosa Versieux & wall. : It was first described in 2007 from the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. It thrives in the sun on bare rocks at altitudes of around 1900 meters. Alcantarea trepida Versieux & wall. : It was first described in 2010 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. It thrives in the sun on steep cliffs and on the plateaus of the Inselbergs at altitudes of 300 to 900 meters. Alcantarea turgida Versieux & wall. : It was first described in 2007 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It thrives on rocks at altitudes of 1200 to 1300 meters. Alcantarea vasconcelosiana Leme : It was first described in 2009 from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It thrives on island mountains on sloping granite rocks covered by herbaceous to shrubby vegetation at altitudes of around 1000 meters. Alcantarea vinicolor (E.Pereira & Reitz) JRGrant : It was first described in 1995 from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Pictures of Alcantaraea imperialis : Habitus Habit with inflorescence Habit with inflorescence Partial inflorescence with flower

swell

literature

Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other bromeliads worthy of culture. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
MHJ Barfuss, R. Samuel, W. Till, TF Stuessy: Phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) based on DNA sequence data from seven plastid regions. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 92, 2005, pp. 337-351.
Christian Lexer, Fabienne Marthaler, Sarah Humbert, Thelma Barbará, Marylaure de la Harpe, Eligio Bossolini, Margot Paris, Gustavo Martinelli, Leonardo M. Versieux: Gene flow and diversification in a species complex of Alcantarea inselberg bromeliads. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, Issue 3, July 2016, pp. 505-520. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12372

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Leonardo M. Versieux, Thelma Barbará, Maria das Graças L. Wanderley, A. Calvente, Michael F. Fay, Christian Lexer: Molecular phylogenetics of the Brazilian giant bromeliads (Alcantarea, Bromeliaceae): implications for morphological evolution and biogeography. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 64, Issue 1, July 2012, pp. 177-189. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2012.03.015
↑ ^a ^b Leonardo M. Versieux, Nara Vasconcellos, Gustavo Martinelli, Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley: Alcantarea pataxoana (Bromeliaceae), a New Species from Bahia, Brazil. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 37, Issue 3, September 2012, pp. 636-640. doi : 10.1600 / 036364412X648580
Jump up ↑ Jason R. Grant: An Annotated Catalog of the Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae , online version from Selbyana , Volume 19, Issue 1, 1998, pp. 91-121.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an In “Species Index” click on Alcantaraea at Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). _{last accessed on December 31, 2014}
^ Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 (PDF; 321 kB) in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International . (PDF file; 314 kB)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Alcantarea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 12, 2020.
↑ Thiago S. Coser, Leonardo M. Versieux, Tânia Wendt: Alcantarea galactea (Bromeliaceae), a New Giant Bromeliad from Brazil, with Populations Seen from the Sky. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 38, Issue 2, June 2013, pp. 339–343. doi : 10.1600 / 036364413X666804
↑ Leonardo M. Versieux, Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley: A new species of Alcantarea (E. Morren ex Mez) Harms, Bromeliaceae. In: Hoehnea , Volume 34, 2007, pp. 409-413. doi : 10.1590 / S2236-89062007000300009
↑ Leonardo M. Versieux: Sistemática, filogenia e morfologia de Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae). Ph. D. thesis. São Paulo, Brazil: University of São Paulo 2009. online.
↑ ^a ^b Leonardo M. Versieux, Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley: Two new species of Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) from Brazil. In: Brittonia , Volume 59, 2007, pp. 57-64. doi : 10.1663 / 0007-196X (2007) 59 [57: TNSOAB] 2.0.CO; 2

Web links

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