Alexander Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow

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Alexander Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow

Alexander Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow (Александр Илларионович Васильчиков, born November 7, 1818 in Saint Petersburg , † October 14, 1881 in Trubetchino ( Lipetsk Oblast , Tambov Governorate )) was a Russian prince , writer and state councilor .

Life

Knes AI Wassiltschikow studied in 1839 at the Imperial University of Saint Petersburg with a degree in law. He was not enthusiastic about the subsequent work in a law firm and at the beginning of 1840 accepted an invitation to the Caucasus to set up a new administrative structure there. When this task failed in 1841, Alexander went back to Saint Petersburg, in 1845 he was accepted as a young civil servant in the 2nd department of the State Chancellery. From 1846 to 1848 he was appointed master of ceremonies at the Imperial Court . He then moved to the Novgorod governorate, was district chairman of the 1st district from 1848 to 1851 and from 1851 to 1854 he was an aristocratic marshal in the Novgorod governorate. Al Wassilschikow developed into a law-abiding and strict state official who, instead of taking on the duties of governor in Novgorod, preferred to withdraw to his possessions in the Kovno governorate and devote himself to agriculture.

From 1853 to 1856 he was drafted into the militia during the Crimean War , in which his brother Viktor served as chief of staff. After the defeat of the Russian Empire, Alexander returned to the Novgorod governorate. His new field of expertise was the beginning peasant reform and self-government in the government, so that he worked his way up to a sought-after expert in a very short time. He became a member of commissions and committees, worked on peasant reforms and peasant rights, and from 1864 implemented the reforms for self-government. From 1865 to 1872 he was a member of the Novgorod Provincial Assembly and published a number of works. At the end of 1872 he was appointed to the Ministry of State Property and worked in the "Commission for the Study of the Situation of Agriculture and Rural Productivity in Russia". In this commission he insisted on repeated opinions that “the knot of the question of improving agriculture is tax reform”. In 1872 Vasilchikov became chairman of the St. Petersburg branch of the Loan Partnership Committee and remained in that position until his death. From 1876 to 1878 he was chairman of the St. Petersburg Department of the Slavic Committee. In the summer of 1881, shortly before his death, he was invited as a knowledgeable employee to discuss reducing the repayment payments.

The second

AI Wassiltschikow was on friendly terms with the Russian poet Michail Jurjewitsch Lermontow (1814–1841). After Lermontov had a dispute with Nikolai Martynow, on July 13, 1841, there was a pistol duel between them , his second was Alexander Illarionowitsch. Because of this participation he was brought to justice, but pardoned by Tsar Nicholas I , the Tsar had taken into account the merits of his father Illarion Vasilievich Vasilchikov and had mercy granted before the law .

Writer and publicist

His publications were closely related to social activities and issues of contemporary history. In his brochures he tried to give answers to social developments and he defended the new form of self-government ( Zemstvo ). His main works were: "About self-administration" (Petersb. 1862); "Agriculture and landed property in Russia and other European countries" (das. 1876, 2 vols.); "Rural Life and Agriculture in Russia" (that. 1881). His brochures and series included:

  • The Russian administrator of the newest school, with a foreword by Yu F. Samarin (Berli, 1868).
  • About self-government (1st edition - 1869, 2nd edition - 1872).
  • Letter to the Minister of Education, Count Tolstoy von Prince. Vasilchikova, (Berlin, 1875), in which he does not see classicism as an antidote to nihilistic ideas.
  • Land ownership and agriculture in Russia and other European countries (1st edition - 1876, 2nd edition - 1881).
  • About the small credit (1876).
  • Rural Life and Agriculture in Russia (1881), compendium of his essay "Landbesitz und Landwirtschaft".

Founder of a cooperative

In 1871, Al Wassiltschikow founded the "Committee for Rural Savings and Loans Partnerships" with Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Vereshchagin and Eugen Valentin De Roberti, which was awarded a silver medal at the Brussels exhibition in 1876. This organization existed until 1917 and at the beginning of the 20th century coordinated the activities of over 1,500 small credit institutions in the form of self-governing cooperatives.

Origin and family

Princely coat of arms of the Vasilchikov family

The Vasilchikovs are a primeval Russian boyar family . Alexander Illarionowitsch was the eldest son of Prince Illarion Wassiljewitsch Wassiltschikow (1776-1847) and the lady-in-waiting Tatyana Wassiljewna, née Pashkova (1793-1875). His brothers were the Russian Lieutenant General Illarion Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow (1805-1862) and Viktor Illarionowitsch Wassiltschikow (1820-1878). Alexander Illarionowitsch married Eugenia Ivanovna Senjawin (1829-1862). Her descendants were: Olga Alexandrovna (1857–1934) ∞ Count Mikhail Pavlovich Tolstoy ; Prince Boris Alexandrovich (1860–1931) ∞ Sofia Nikolajewna Meshcherskaya (1867–1942); Eugenie Alexandrovna (1862-1884) ∞ Sergei Alexandrovich Count Stroganow (1852-1923).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Imperial University of Saint Petersburg, see ru: Императорский Санкт-Петербургский университет
  2. ↑ "Prince A. Vasilchikov, who is valued as an authority in the field of Russian agricultural history ... belonged to the Valuev Commission in 1872 (see above, p. 38), and was President of the Petersburg Department of the Slavic Committee in 1876". In: Alexander von Tobien: Die Livländische Ritterschaft in their relationship to Tsarism and Russian nationalism , Volume 2, (SS 49, footnote 5) Verlag Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2019, ISBN 3111423646 , 9783111423647 S. 39/40 [1 ] , accessed November 15, 2019]
  3. ↑ Doris Liebermann , poet Michail Lermontow, Tragic death through a duel , Deutschlandfunk , November 16, 2019 [2]
  4. ^ The Livonian knighthood in its relationship to tsarism and Russian nationalism, p. 40, footnote 1 [3]
  5. ↑ Vasilchikov. On: Zeno.org [4]
  6. ^ International Health Care and Rescue Services Exhibition and Congress. On: zeno.org: Exhibitions [5]
personal data
SURNAME Wassiltschikow, Alexander Illarionowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Александр Илларионович Васильчиков (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian prince, writer and State Councilor
DATE OF BIRTH November 7, 1818
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH October 14, 1881
Place of death Trubetchino ( Lipetsk Oblast , Tambov Governorate )