Almirante Barroso (1896)
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|---|---|
 The Almirante Barroso |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Protected cruiser |
| Shipyard |
Armstrong, Mitchell & Co , |
| Keel laying | August 31, 1895 |
| Launch | August 25, 1896 |
| Namesake | Admiral Francisco Manuel Barroso da Silva |
| Commissioning | 1897 |
| Decommissioning | 1931 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
3,438 tn.l. |
| length |
108.0 m over everything, |
| width |
13.1 m |
| Draft |
5.1 m |
| crew |
363 men |
| drive |
4 cylinder boilers , |
| speed |
19.5 kn , with artificial pull 20.5 kn |
| Armament |
6 × 6 in. (152 mm) L / 50 Armstrong Rapid Fire Gun |
| Coal supply |
400, maximum 808 tn.l. |
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Armor armored deck command tower |
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| Sister ships |
Ministro Zenteno , Chile |
The fourth Almirante Barroso in the Brazilian Navy was an armored cruiser . She was the second ship in a November 1894 order for three cruisers. The Barroso was the only ship in a series ordered by Brazil that actually came into service with the Brazilian Navy. It completed its testing in April 1897. Her service went without major incidents until she left in 1931.
The three other ships in the series came to Chile as the Ministro Zenteno , since the first ship in the series was resold in September 1895, and as the USS New Orleans and USS Albany for the US Navy , since the United States bought the last two ships in March 1898 to prevent a sale to Spain.
Building history
In November 1894 the Brazilian Navy ordered three cruisers from the warship yard of Armstrong, Mitchell & Co in Elswick near Newcastle upon Tyne , which were slightly smaller than the largest Elswick cruisers delivered to Japan , Argentina and Chile . It was the second order from Brazil to the shipyard after 1891, when an order for three gunboats ( Republica , 1260 tons left, 17 knots; Tiradentes , 728 tons left, 13 knots; Aurora , 465 tons left , 17 knots ) to Armstrong.
Probably because of financial difficulties, Brazil had sold the first of the cruisers ordered in 1894 in September 1895 on the Helgen to Chile, where he came into service in 1897 as Ministro Zenteno ; a fourth replacement ship was ordered to receive three cruisers. Only the second cruiser was actually delivered to Brazil as the Almirante Barroso . Namesake was the Admiral Francisco Manuel Barroso da Silva (born September 29, 1804 in Lisbon, † August 8, 1882 in Montevidéo), first and only Baron do Amazonas, who the Brazilian fleet during the absence of the Marquis Tamandaré in the victory in the sea battle of Riachuelo had commanded in the Triple Alliance War between Brazil , Argentina and Uruguay against Paraguay .
On March 16, 1898, the now almost completed third ship and the unfinished replacement building were sold to the United States, which wanted to prevent the sale of these ships to the Spanish Navy in view of the existing tensions with Spain .
The cruisers designed by Philip Watts for Brazil displaced a little over 3400 tn.l., were 108.1 m long and 13.1 m wide and had a copper-clad hull for use in tropical waters. The four-cylinder triple expansion machines supplied by Humphrys & Tennant developed 6500 PSi and with artificial pull up to 7520 PSi on two screws.
The armament proposed by the manufacturer with eight 6-inch (152-mm) guns was only installed on the first ship. After a lengthy test, the Brazilian Navy decided on a mixed armament of six 6-inch and four 4.7-inch rapid-fire guns from the manufacturer , which were installed in the three other structures. In addition, the Barroso had ten six-pounder and four one- pounder cannons, Maxim-Nordenfeldt system , four machine guns and three 450 mm torpedo tubes (rigid nose tube and two movable broadside tubes).
When it was completed, the cruiser had two round fighting stalls in each of the two masts. During an overhaul in 1915, the lower platforms were changed and the upper stand in the rear mast was removed.
Mission history
The Almirante Barroso arrived in Brazil in 1897. In 1900 she made her first important journey as the so-called Divisão Branca (White Division) with President Campos Sales to the Argentine capital Buenos Aires on a state visit together with the ironclad Riachuelo and the torpedo cruiser Tamoyo . The ships had been painted white for the occasion and as a sign of peace. In 1901, the aforementioned three ships together with the Tupy , a sister ship of the Tamoyo , formed the fleet's training squadron . In March 1903 the Barroso visited Chile for the first time. She then served on various stations in the fleet service.
On January 21, 1906, the Barroso ran with the ironclad Aquidabã and the torpedo cruiser Tamoyo at the port of Jacarepaguá near Rio de Janeiro. The cruiser had the Minister of the Navy, Admiral Julio de Noronha , and his staff on board, who were looking for a position for a new naval arsenal. In the evening, the ironclad's powder magazine exploded and sank in just three minutes. 212 men died, including three admirals and most of the officers. Only 98 men survived the accident.
In 1907 the cruiser ran with the Riachuelo and the Tamoyo to visit Chile in the Pacific. The association then went to the USA to take part in the 300th anniversary of the settlement of the United States. In addition to 23 US Navy ships, foreign warships came for the naval parade, such as the British HMS Good Hope with three other cruisers, the Austro-Hungarian Sankt Georg and Aspern , the French armored cruisers Victor Hugo and Kléber , and the Italian Varese , a cruiser Argentina and the Barroso's Chilean sister ship , the Ministro Zenteno . Most of the guests also visited New York. The Brazilian ships were temporarily quarantined there because of an illness on board.
On May 5, 1909, the Barroso ran with the torpedo cruiser Tupy and the new destroyers Pará and Piauí Santos . On board the cruiser were the President Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena , the Navy Minister Admiral Alexandrino de Alencar , the Minister of War Field Marshal Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca and other officials to inaugurate a new nautical school. On May 19 to June 11, 1913, the Barroso made a trip to Buenos Aires and Montevideo with the torpedo cruisers Tupy and Tamoyo from Rio de Janeiro . It was the Barroso's last trip abroad .
In 1917, Brazil joined the war on the Allied side. After several inquiries from the British and the Americans, the Minister of the Navy, Vice Admiral Alencar, instructed the naval command on May 6, 1918, to march four of the ten Brazilian destroyers from Rio de Janeiro to Gibraltar the following day . The cruisers Bahia , Rio Grande do Sul and the old Barroso , also built by Armstrong , were to follow on May 11th. The outdated Barroso was only to march to Europe if the Rio Grande do Sul should fail, for which urgently needed spare parts ordered in the USA had not been delivered. In general, the two more modern cruisers were in a poor state of preservation. The auxiliary cruiser Belmonte (the former German steamer Valesia ) was intended as a tender for the destroyer division and should be equipped by May 15. Since the other ships were still to carry out exercises, a meeting of all units in Bahia was planned. In fact, the Bahia and the four destroyers left Rio on May 11th and arrived in Bahia on the 15th. On the 14th, the Rio Grande do Sul , flagship of Rear Admiral Frontin , and the Barroso left Rio to meet with the other ships in Bahia. The President Venceslau Brás visited the commander before he left. Both cruisers reached Bahia on May 19th. The Belmonte did not leave Rio until July 8th. On July 31, 1918, the cruiser left Rio Grande do Sul and Bahia , the destroyers Parahyba , Santa Catarina , Piauhy and Rio Grande do Norte of at Yarrow built Para-Class and the auxiliary cruiser Belmonte at dusk Fernando de Noronha to Sierra Leone , where they arrived on August 9th. The basis for the Brazilian association was finally Dakar .
Final fate
The cruiser mainly fulfilled training tasks and was last used as a survey ship since 1929. In 1931 the Barroso was deleted from the fleet list, but remained for a while as a residential ship.
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Later namesake
Of the first Barroso class, the Brazilian Navy only received the ship that gave it its name. 1951 followed two light cruisers bought from the USA with the Barroso (ex USS Philadelphia ) and the very similar Tamandaré (ex USS St. Louis ) . Argentina and Chile each received two of these American Brooklyn- class cruisers .
From 2002, the Brazilian Navy took over third- class Barroso- class corvettes built in the country .
literature
- Peter Brooke: Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships 1867-1927. World Ship Society, Gravesend 1999, ISBN 0-905617-89-4 .
- Roger Chesneau, Eugène M. Koleśnik, NJM Campbell: Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md. 1979, ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 6 "/ 50 (15.2 cm) Mark 5 (Armstrong)
- ↑ 4.7 "/ 50 (12 cm) Mark 3 Armstrong
- ↑ Cruzador-Torpedeiro Tamoyo (Classe Tupy ) ( Memento from November 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), 1895 Germania, 1075 t, 21 kn, 2–100 mm
- ^ Warship Blown Up, 212 Lost. NYT, January 23, 1906.
- ^ All the Ships At Sea. (PDF; 2.9 MB)
- ↑ BERI-BERI ON CRUISER .; Surgeon of the Tomayo hurries ashore with Midshipman who dies NYT, May 30, 1907
- ^ The Brazilian Navy in the World War.