Alois von Frölich

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Josef Alois von Frölich [also: Josephus Aloysius Froelich; falsely in Meyers Konversationslexikon Johann Aloys von Froelich] (born March 10, 1766 in Oberdorf im Allgäu , † March 11, 1841 in Ellwangen (Jagst) ) was a German doctor , botanist , entomologist , natural scientist, Catholic lay brother and Württemberg court medical advisor . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Froel. ".

life and work

He finished his high school studies at today's Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich in 1784 .

Alois von Frölich already combined medicine and botany during his studies in Ingolstadt , Erlangen and Vienna . In 1796, for example, he submitted his medical doctoral thesis in Erlangen on the subject of “De Gentiana dissertatio” (On Gentians ), which was unusual for this faculty . She made him known internationally. In 1798 Frölich was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

In order to reorganize the health system there according to the then current state of medicine, Clemens Wenzeslaus von Sachsen appointed Frölich in 1797 as "court, city and landscape physicist" at the then Friedrichsuniversity at Ellwang , which was incorporated into the University of Tübingen in 1817 . After secularization , Frölich was taken over into the service of the small state of Neuwuerttemberg .

In his spare time, Frölich did natural history, especially botanical research, which soon made him known in scientific circles. Publications on the genera Crepis ( Pippau ) and Hieracium ( hawkweed ) in 1838 also contributed to its reputation . He was an excellent connoisseur of moss and created an extensive herbarium, both from his own collections (especially in East Württemberg, but also in the Allgäu and Austria) and through exchanges with other botanists. Numerous initial records of spores - such as flowering plants from the areas mentioned come from him.

Through exchange, some of the plants in his herbarium ended up in the herbaria of Johann Christian Daniel von Schrebers (1739–1810) and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarinis (1797–1848), which are now in the Botanical State Collection in the Botanical Garden in Munich (herbarium numbers Z 1813 and Z 1849). The botany professor Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872), founder of Germany's first natural science faculty in Tübingen, referred to Frölich as his spiritual foster father. After Frölich's death, Mohl acquired parts of his herbarium, which are among the oldest documents in today's Tübingen herbarium. The Konstanz pharmacist and botanist Franz Xaver August Leiner (1804–1846) bought other parts for his collection. These contributed significantly to the basis of the botanical collection of the University of Konstanz . The Leiner Herbarium is now in the Lake Constance Nature Museum in the Sea Life Center in Konstanz .

The plant genus Froelichia from the foxtail family is named after Frölich . Also thymus froelichianus (now Thymus pulegioides subsp. Carniolicus ), a Retail of broadleaf thyme ( Thymus pulegioides ) was named after him.

Due to his work on intestinal worms, Frölich is one of the founders of helminthology . In parasitology he provided many initial descriptions and established the class of Linguatulidae .

Trivia

Frölich was appointed as the foster father of an illegitimate child of Jérôme Bonaparte , Napoleon's youngest brother , when he and his wife from his second marriage, Princess Katharina from Württemberg , were held captive in Ellwangen Castle after the battle of Waterloo .

Fonts

(no claim to completeness)

  • De Gentiana libellus sistens specierum cognitarum descriptiones cum observationibus. Accedit tabula aenea Erlangen: Walther, 1796 [Title also: De Gentiana , Erlangen: Kunstmann; De gentiana dissertatio ; Dissertatio inauguralis de Gentiana ], also: Erlangen, Med. Diss., January 1796
  • Descriptions of some new intestinal worms , in: Der Naturforscher , 24, pp. 101–162, Halle, 1789
  • Remarks about some rare beetles from the insect collection of Mr. Hofr. and Prof. Rudolph in Erlangen , in: Der Naturforscher, 26, pp. 68–165, Halle, 1792.

Secondary literature

  • H. Wolf: Josef Aloys Frölich (1766–1841) and the flora of East Württemberg . In: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner Herbarium in Konstanz (reports of the Botanical Working Group Southwest Germany, Supplement 1), pp. 81–148, Karlsruhe 2004, ISSN  1617-5506
  • Wolfgang Lippert : Josef Aloys Frölich and the flora of the Allgäu . In: Restoration and cataloging of the Leiner Herbarium in Konstanz (reports of the Botanical Working Group Southwest Germany, Supplement 1), pp. 149–159, Karlsruhe 2004, ISSN  1617-5506
  • Karl Otto Müller: Alois Frölich: doctor and natural scientist 1766–1841 . In: Swabian Life Pictures . Volume 1, pp. 203-207, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1940

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Max Leitschuh: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich , 4 vol., Munich 1970–1976; Vol. 3, p. 173.
personal data
SURNAME Frölich, Alois von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Frölich, Josef Alois von; Froelich, Josephus Aloysius; Frölich, Joseph Aloys von; Frölich, Josef Aloys von; Froelich, Johann Aloys von (wrong name form, but indicated in Meyers Konversationslexikon)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH March 10, 1766
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberdorf in the Allgäu
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1841
Place of death Ellwangen (Jagst)