Alpine carnation
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Alpine Carnation ( Dianthus alpinus ) |
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The alpine carnation ( Dianthus alpinus ) is a plant species of the genus Carnations ( Dianthus ) within the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae). It is also known as the Eastern Alps carnation .
Together with the glacier carnation ( Dianthus glacialis ), which grows on silicate, it forms a vicarious pair of species. The vernacular does not differentiate between the two species and also names the plants Almnagerl, Kuhdrecknagerl, Miesveigerl or Miesnagerl.
description
The herbaceous perennial plant reaches heights of about 2 to 10 centimeters. The lanceolate to linear-lanceolate leaves are 15 to 25 millimeters long and about two to five millimeters wide. They are obtuse and widest across the middle, with a distinct main nerve.
The scentless, hermaphrodite, five-fold flowers are two to three centimeters in diameter. The petals, which are serrated on the edge, are flesh-colored. The throat is speckled deep purple and white. The tubular-bell-shaped goblet is 12 to 18 millimeters long. Two or four herbaceous calyx scales are drawn out in a long point. The plate of the petals is 10 to 15 millimeters long. The capsule is shorter than the chalice.
Flowering time is from June to August, the number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
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Occurrence
The lime-loving plant is endemic to the north-eastern Limestone Alps in the area from the Dead Mountains to the Semmering . It grows in Upper Austria east of the Traun as well as in Lower Austria and in Styria.
The limestone plant thrives at altitudes of 1000 to 2300 meters above sea level, but occasionally descends in scree slopes down to 700 meters.
Stony, loose lawns, mats and drifts, and occasionally laying pine bushes are preferred as locations .
The species is also often cultivated in alpine gardens , where, however, the lower UV component causes the stems to lengthen and the flower color to lose its luminosity.
Flower ecology
Like all carnations, this species is extremely light-loving. During flowering, the nectar is excreted by a ring-shaped gland at the base of the stamens. Due to the long and narrow calyx tube, this is only accessible to long-nosed butterflies. The dark purple and white sap marks point the way to the nectar source. The flowers are clearly male , the anthers ripen before the stigmas, which ensures cross-pollination.
Danger
The species is completely protected in Styria and Upper Austria .
Common names
The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the Alpine carnation : Grafoil, Miesnagel ( Tyrol , Fusch im Pinzgau ) and Miesveigl (Tyrol, Fusch im Pinzgau).
literature
- Sauerbier, Langer: Alpine Plants - Endemics from Nice to Vienna , Eching 2000, ISBN 3-930167-41-7 .
- Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Wendelberger: Alpine plants - flowers, grasses, dwarf shrubs , Munich 1984, ISBN 3-7632-2975-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gustav Hegi : Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa , Volume III, Part 2. 2nd edition, Paul Parey Verlag, Berlin, 1979, p. 1003. ISBN 3-489-60020-7 .
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 132. ( online ).
