Alphavirus

Alphavirus

Alphavirus

Classification :	Viruses
Area :	Riboviria
Empire :	Orthornavirae
Phylum :	Kitrinoviricota
Class :	Alsuviricetes
Order :	Martellivirales
Family :	Togaviridae
Genre :	Alphavirus

Taxonomic characteristics

Genome :	(+) ssRNA linear
Baltimore :	Group 4
Symmetry :	icosahedral
Cover :	available

Scientific name

Alphavirus

Left

NCBI Taxonomy:	11019
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB):	625
ICTVdB Virus Code :	00.073.0.01

Alpha virus (formerly: Arbovirus A ) is a virus - genus of the Togaviridae .

properties

About 20 enveloped and positive single-stranded RNA viruses with a diameter of approx. 60 to 70 nanometers are classified in this genus . The virus envelope has characteristic spikes of glycoproteins . They multiply in the cytoplasm and the nucleic acid alone is infectious.

Alphaviruses occur worldwide. The pathogens are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes (e.g. Anopheles ) (hence the old name arbovirus ). Alphaviruses can cause endemic , epidemic and sporadic diseases in humans . Benign febrile infections predominate, some of which are associated with exanthema and joint inflammation ( polyarthritis ). In animals, however, there are also fatal diseases involving the central nervous system , such as encephalomyelitis in horses , whose clinical pictures are notifiable animal diseases .

Systematics

The system presented here is a conventional classification of some representatives according to hosts and disease symptoms. For a taxonomic system, see Togaviridae .

Human pathogenic viruses:

Animal pathogenic viruses:

in horses

Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (EEEV) = Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus , Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus , causative agent of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis ; Transmission by mosquitoes to humans is also possible (rarely!) → encephalitis / encephalomyelitis

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (WEEV) = Western equine encephalitis virus , causative agent of Western equine encephalomyelitis ; Transmission by mosquitoes to humans is also possible (rarely!) → encephalitis / encephalomyelitis

Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus (VEEV), the causative agent of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis

in rodents and birds :

Highlands J Virus (HJV)

swell

David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley, et al. (eds.): Fields' Virology. 4th edition, Philadelphia 2001.
CM Fauquet, MA Mayo et al .: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. London / San Diego 2005.

Individual evidence

↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)
↑ Lexicon of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics . Pp. 402-403: Barmah Forest Virus (BFV).
^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Eastern Equine Encephalitis . On: cdc.gov of April 5, 2016; last accessed on August 30, 2016.
↑ Adriana Delfraro, Analía Burgueño, Noelia Morel u. a .: Fatal Human Case of Western Equine Encephalitis, Uruguay. In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. Volume 17, No. 5, May 2011, pp. 952–954 → Letters, doi: 10.3201 / eid1705.101068 ( full text as PDF file ).

[1] ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019

[ICTV_MSL#35-2] ICTV: ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1 , New MSL including all taxa updates since the 2018b release, March 2020 (MSL # 35)

[3] Lexicon of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics . Pp. 402-403: Barmah Forest Virus (BFV).

[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Eastern Equine Encephalitis . On: cdc.gov of April 5, 2016; last accessed on August 30, 2016.

[5] Adriana Delfraro, Analía Burgueño, Noelia Morel u. a .: Fatal Human Case of Western Equine Encephalitis, Uruguay. In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. Volume 17, No. 5, May 2011, pp. 952–954 → Letters, doi: 10.3201 / eid1705.101068 ( full text as PDF file ).