Alteromonadaceae

Alteromonadaceae
Systematics
Domain :	Bacteria (bacteria)
Department :	Proteobacteria
Class :	Gammaproteobacteria
Order :	Alteromonadales
Family :	Alteromonadaceae
Scientific name
	Alteromonadaceae
	Ivanova & Mikhailov 2001 ; emend. Ivanova et al. 2004

The Alteromonadaceae are a family of bacteria within the Gammaproteobacteria . Some species are psychrophilic , they can also grow in low temperatures, such as 0 ° C. Also barophilic representatives are present, they tolerate high pressure.

features

Appearance

They are gram-negative bacteria. The rod-shaped cells can be curved or straight. The Alteromonas macleodii species are straight rods measuring 1 × 2–3 µm. Endospores or microcysts are not formed. The cells are with the aid of a polar flagellum movable ( motile ).

Growth and metabolism

The Alteromonadaceae are chemoorgano-heterotrophic and aerobic . Most species react positively to catalase and oxidase . Even fermentation can serve as a pathway absence of oxygen. The anaerobic genera include z. B. Alishewanella .

Most species do not have the enzyme arginine dihydrolase (ADH). However, they are able to hydrolyze gelatin and starch . They need sodium ions for growth and tolerate a sodium chloride content of 6 to 8%. Therefore, they grow optimally on marine agar or in another nutrient medium based on seawater .

Chemotaxonomy

The GC content , ie the proportion of the nucleobases guanine and cytosine in the bacterial DNA , is in the range of 40–48 mol percent . The main menaquinone is Q-8. The fatty acids found in the membrane lipids are mainly molecules with an even number of carbon atoms (C ₁₆ and C ₁₈ ) and no double bond ( saturated fatty acids ) or one double bond (unsaturated fatty acids). These are the fatty acids with the abbreviations C16: 0 (hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid ), C16: 1ω7 ( cis -9-hexadecenoic acid, palmitoleic acid ) and C18: 1ω7 ( cis -11-octadecenoic acid, cis - vaccenoic acid ).

Systematics

The Alteromonadaceae were introduced by EP Ivanova and VV Mikhailov in 2001. Several genera, such as Colwellia (facultative anaerobic) or Shewanella (with some pathogenic species) were assigned to other, newly introduced families in 2004, all of which belong to the order of the Alteromonadales . The Alteromonadaceae family contains the following genera, Alteromonas is the type genus :

Aestuariibacter Yi et al. 2004
Agaribacter Teramoto & Nishijima 2014
Agarivorans Kurahashi & Yokota 2004
Aliagarivorans Jean et al. 2009
Alishewanella Fonnesbech Vogel et al. 2000 emend. Kim et al. 2009
Alteromonas Baumann et al. 1972 emend. Van Trappen et al. 2004
Bowmanella Jean et al. 2006 emend. Lai et al. 2009
Catenovulum Yan et al. 2011
Glaciecola Bowman et al. 1998 emend. Van Trappen et al. 2004
Haliea Urios et al. 2008
Marinimicrobium Lim et al. 2006 emend. Yoon et al. 2009
Marinobacter Gauthier et al. 1992
Marinobacterium González et al. 1997
Salinimonas Jeon et al. 2005

ecology

Some species are psychrophilic ; they grow when exposed to low temperatures. These include B. Species of the genus Glaciecola . The genus Colwellia, which is now part of a family of its own, is also psychrophilic, as the species C. psychrerythraea shows growth at temperatures between 0 and 19 ° C. Both representatives are also barophilic , they show growth under the extreme pressure conditions of 400 to 600 MPa .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g George Garrity, Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James R. Staley (Eds.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria . 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-387-24144-9 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Elena P. Ivanova, Sébastien Flavier, Richard Christen: Phylogenetic relationships among marine Alteromonas-like proteobacteria: emended description of the family Alteromonadaceae and proposal of Pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov., Colwelliaceae fam. nov., Shewanellaceae fam. nov., Moritellaceae fam. nov., Ferrimonadaceae fam. nov., Idiomarinaceae fam. nov. and Psychromonadaceae fam. nov. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Volume 54, No. 5, September 2004, pp. 1773-1788, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.02997-0 .
^ EP Ivanova, VV Mikhailov: A New Family, Alteromonadaceae fam. nov., Including Marine Proteobacteria of the Genera Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Idiomarina, and Colwellia. In: Mikrobiologiya. (in Russian) Volume 70, 2001, pp. 15-23, online ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Family Alteromonadaceae. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved November 22, 2016 .

[Bergey-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g George Garrity, Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James R. Staley (Eds.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria . 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag, New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-387-24144-9 .

[Ivanova_2004-2] Elena P. Ivanova, Sébastien Flavier, Richard Christen: Phylogenetic relationships among marine Alteromonas-like proteobacteria: emended description of the family Alteromonadaceae and proposal of Pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov., Colwelliaceae fam. nov., Shewanellaceae fam. nov., Moritellaceae fam. nov., Ferrimonadaceae fam. nov., Idiomarinaceae fam. nov. and Psychromonadaceae fam. nov. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Volume 54, No. 5, September 2004, pp. 1773-1788, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi: 10.1099 / ijs.0.02997-0 .

[Ivanova_2001-3] EP Ivanova, VV Mikhailov: A New Family, Alteromonadaceae fam. nov., Including Marine Proteobacteria of the Genera Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Idiomarina, and Colwellia. In: Mikrobiologiya. (in Russian) Volume 70, 2001, pp. 15-23, online ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).

[lpsn-4] Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Family Alteromonadaceae. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved November 22, 2016 .