Round-leaved orchid
| Round-leaved orchid | ||||||||||||
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Round-leaved orchid ( Amerorchis rotundifolia ) |
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| Amerorchis rotundifolia | ||||||||||||
| ( Banks ex Pursh ) RMBateman |
The round-leaved orchid ( Galearis rotundifolia ), also called single-leaf orchis (there is a risk of confusion with the small-flowered single-leaf ( Malaxis monophyllos )), is a species of the genus Galearis within the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It has a large range, mainly in the boreal zone of North America.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The round-leaved orchid is a relatively small, perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 35 centimeters. The slender, fleshy roots sit on a thin, branched underground rhizome . The stem bears a single leaf , beneath which sit a few lower leaves enveloping the stem.
The dull-green, often slightly yellowish-green, foliage leaf is 3 to 11 centimeters long and 2 to 8 centimeters wide and is rounded to oblong-egg-shaped. The spreader tip is blunt to rounded, the spreader base tapers in a wedge shape and encompasses the stem. The texture of the leaf is somewhat fleshy, in the bud it is folded along the midrib.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period begins in March in North America and extends from June to August in Greenland. The enständige easily einseitswendige, traubige inflorescence is bare and carries in the upper region up to 16 resupinierte flowers . The bracts are lanceolate, pointed, they measure 7 to 15 millimeters long and 3 to 5 millimeters wide.
The about 1 centimeter long ovary is stalked short. The bracts are white, pink or light purple, the lip white or light pink with purple dots. The sepals are egg-shaped with a length of 6 to 10 millimeters; the lateral ones stand out horizontally, while the middle sepal - this is somewhat wider and shorter - is inclined concave over the column . The petals are narrower and smaller than the outer bracts, they lie on the side of the middle sepal and form a hood over the flower with this. The lip forms a narrow, slightly curved spur about 5 millimeters long at the base. The blade of the lip is flat and three-lobed, it measures about one centimeter. The side lobes are small, the middle lobe is briefly indented at the tip, the edge smooth or slightly curled. The column, 3 to 4 millimeters long and about 2 millimeters wide, is quite short. The stamen contains two pollinia , each provided with an adhesive disc (Viscidium). Both viscidia are in a common, bilobed pocket (bursicula). The scar is bean- to heart-shaped, the bursicula is in the middle of the scar surface so that it is laterally surrounded by the scar.
The upright capsule fruits , they are ellipsoid with a length of about 1.5 centimeters and a diameter of about 0.5 centimeters.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.
Occurrence
The round-leaved orchid is common in North America. It grows mainly in Canada and Alaska , with only a few populations in the US south of the Canadian border. Some deposits can be found in southwest Greenland . Vertically it is common in North America at altitudes from 0 to 1200 meters, in Greenland only up to 100 meters.
Mainly it inhabits the boreal zone and the southern tundra . In the north of the distribution area it occurs in open situations and also colonizes drier places, in the south the habitat is limited to cool, moist coniferous forests. The populated soils mostly contain limestone. In Greenland the species thrives in dwarf shrub heaths with silver arum , and in swampy, moss-rich depressions with willows or dwarf birches .
Systematics and botanical history
The first description was in 1813 (1814) under the name ( Basionym ) Orchis rotundifolia by Joseph Banks in Frederick Traugott Pursh : Flora Americae Septentrionalis; or, ... , 2, page 588. The specific epithet rotundifolia means round-leaved. Eric Hultén established the genus Amerorchis in 1968 (1967) , with Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén as the only species. The genus name Amerorchis is made up of Amer for America and Orchis , the Greek name for orchids.
According to Bateman et al. In 2009 this species belongs as Galearis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) RMBateman to the genus Galearis within the subtribe Orchidinae .
Galearis rotundifolia does not distinguish between subspecies , but two color forms have been described that are considered synonyms.
Other synonyms for Galearis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) RMBateman are: habenaria rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Richardson , Platanthera rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl. , Ponerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Soó , Orchis grandiflora B. Heyne ex Wall. nom. NUD., orchis rotundifolia var. lineata Mousley , orchis rotundifolia f. angustifolia J. Rousseau , Orchis rotundifolia f. beckettii B. Boivin , Orchis rotundifolia f. lineata (Mousley) EGVoss , Amerorchis rotundifolia f. beckettii (B. Boivin) Hultén , Amerorchis rotundifolia f. lineata (Mousley) Hultén , Amerorchis rotundifolia f. immaculata Mazurski & Laur.P.Johnson , Amerorchis rotundifolia var. lineata (Mousley) WJSchrenk , Amerorchis rotundifolia f. rosea P.M.Br. , Amerorchis rotundifolia f. wardii P.M.Br. , Amerorchis rotundifolia f. angustifolia (J.Rousseau) PMBr.
use
The round-leaved orchid is rarely used as an ornamental plant for bog beds.
literature
The information in this article comes from:
- Richard M. Bateman, KE James, YB Luo, RK Lauri, T. Fulcher, PJ Cribb, Mark W. Chase : Molecular phylogenetics and morphological reappraisal of the Platanthera clade (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) prompts expansion of the generic limits of Galearis and Platanthera . In: Annals of Botany , Volume 104, 2009, pp. 431-445.
- Richard M. Bateman, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Jillian Preston, Luo Yi-Bo, Alec M. Pridgeon, Mark W. Chase: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected habenariinae (Orchidaceae) . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 142 , 2003, doi : 10.1046 / j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x .
- MR Penskar, PJ Higman: Special plant abstract for Amerorchis rotundifolia (round-leaved orchis) . In: Michigan State University (Ed.): Michigan Natural Features Inventory . 1999 ( online ( Memento from December 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF]).
- Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling: Amerorchis . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . tape 26 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2002, ISBN 0-19-515208-5 ( same text online as the printed work ).
- Lisa St. Hilaire: Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén. Small round-leaved orchis . In: New England Wild Flower Society (Ed.): New England Plant Conservation Program . 2002 ( PDF (PDF; 199 kB)).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (Eds.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
- ↑ a b c Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 , p. 8.
- ↑ a b c RM Bateman, KE James, YB Luo, RK Lauri, T. Fulcher, PJ Cribb, Mark W. Chase : Molecular phylogenetics and morphological reappraisal of the Platanthera clade (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) prompts expansion of the generic limits of Galearis and Platanthera. In: Annals of Botany , Volume 104, 2009, pp. 431-445.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts, 2011: World checklist of selected plant families published update. Facilitated by the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Amerorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 4, 2018.
