Habibullah Khan
Habibullah Khan ( Pashtun حبيب الله خان; Persian حبیباللهخان, DMG Ḥabību-llāh-Ḫān ; * June 3, 1872 in Tashkent , Russian Empire , today Uzbekistan ; † February 20, 1919 in Kalagosh ) was the 15th emir of Afghanistan from October 3, 1901 to February 20, 1919 . He was the son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan and was the firstborn to succeed his father as ruler of Afghanistan.
Life
Habibullah was a relatively cosmopolitan, reform-minded ruler who tried to modernize his country. He was a Freemason and a member of Lodge Concordia No. 3102 in Calcutta , India. He is said to have had a total of 300 wives. During his reign, he brought Western medicine and technology to Afghanistan. In 1904 he founded the Madrasse-ye Harbi-ye Military School to improve the training of his officers. He brought out a weekly newspaper called Siraj-ul-Akhbar in the Persian language, which promoted the reforms. His reforms of the legal system removed many of the cruelest punishments. He also disbanded the secret police founded by his father to control the people . Nevertheless, on July 14, 1903, he had his chief advisor, Abdul Latif, stoned to death for apostasy .
He was able to reduce the tensions between his country and India significantly by signing a peace treaty in 1905 and officially making a state visit to India in 1907. In 1905 he allowed the British to open a diplomatic mission. The Russians, who counted Afghanistan as one of their areas of influence, were forced to cease to exercise domestic political influence after their defeat by Japan. Great Britain also signed a corresponding contract. During the First World War he adhered strictly to neutrality - despite the strong efforts of the Ottoman caliph (who also saw himself as the spiritual leader of Islam) and the German Niedermayer-Hentig expedition to win Afghanistan over to his side.
On February 20, 1919, Habibullah was murdered by opponents of his foreign policy while on a hunting excursion in Laghman Province .
literature
- Jules Stewart: On Afghanistan's Plains. The Story of Britain's Afghan Wars . IB Tauris. London / New York 2011 ISBN 978-1-84885-717-9
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ ایوب آروین: رازهای پنهان امیر حبیبالله ؛ ظاهری تنومند و باطنی رنجور . In: BBC Persian . October 3, 2017 ( bbc.com [accessed October 6, 2017]).
- ^ Yohanan Friedmann: Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background , Oxford University Press India 2003, p. 27.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Habibullah Khan |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Emir of Afghanistan (1901-1919) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 3, 1872 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tashkent , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 20, 1919 |
| Place of death | Kalagosh , Afghanistan |