A. David Buckingham

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Amyand David Buckingham , called David Buckingham , (born January 28, 1930 in Pymble , Sydney ) is an Australian chemist who was involved in physical chemistry .

Life

Buckingham went to school in Hornsby in New South Wales and studied from 1948 at the University of Sydney with a bachelor's degree with top marks in 1951 and a master's degree in physical chemistry with Raymond Le Fèvre (1905-1986) in 1953. He continued in the same Year he continued his studies at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge University (as Shell Scholar), where he received his doctorate in 1956 with John Anthony Pople . From 1955 to 1957 he was in Oxford (as an 1851 Exhibition Fellow) in the Laboratory for Physical Chemistry. There he became a tutor at Christ Church College and from 1958 was a university lecturer in the laboratory for inorganic chemistry . In 1965 he became Professor of Theoretical Chemistry at the University of Bristol and in 1969 Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge (and Fellow of Pembroke College ). From 1985 to 1988 he chaired the executive board of the Faculty of Physics and Chemistry.

At Cambridge University he also excelled as a cricket player and later was treasurer of the Cambridge University Cricket Club.

plant

Buckingham worked both theoretically and experimentally.

Initially he was concerned with the dielectric properties of liquids, for example dipole moments of molecules dissolved in liquids and of gases. He developed the theory of the interaction of molecules in liquids and gases with external electric and magnetic fields. In 1959 he developed a direct method of measuring the quadrupole moments of molecules, which he demonstrated experimentally on carbon dioxide molecules in 1963. In 1960 he developed a theory of the effect of the solvent on NMR spectra and vibrational spectra of molecules. While considering the effect of molecular alignment in an external electric field on the NMR spectra, he developed a method for determining the spin-spin coupling constant in 1962 . In 1956, in non-linear optics , he predicted the change in the refractive index of liquids and gases due to high-intensity light (later realized in lasers). In 1968 he determined the first exact values ​​of the hyperpolarizability (a property of nonlinear optics) with the help of the Kerr effect . In 1971 he and Laurence Barron founded the research area of optical activity in Raman scattering (Raman Optical Activity, ROA), where differences in the scattering of left and right polarized light on chiral molecules are investigated.

One of his main areas of research was the forces between molecules. In the 1980s he demonstrated the importance of long-range forces for determining the structure and properties of small molecule clusters, with applications particularly to biological macromolecules. In 1990 he predicted the linear effect of an electric field on the reflection of light at interfaces. In 1995 he proved that the sum of the rotational strengths of all vibrational transitions from the ground state of a chiral molecule vanishes.

Memberships, honors, editing

In 2001 he received the Charles Hard Townes Award . In 1985 he received a Sc.D. in Cambridge. He is also an honorary doctor from the Universities of Nancy I and Sydney. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society (1975), an external member of the National Academy of Sciences (1992), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1992), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1996). In 1985 he became a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (Faraday Division, of which he was President from 1987 to 1989) and was on its council several times. In 1960 he received the Edward Harrison Memorial Prize and in 1970 the Corday Morgan Medal . In 1995 he received the Harrie Massey Medal from the Australian Institute of Physics (IOP). In 2006 he received the first Ahmed Zewail Award. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society , the Institute of Physics , a member of the American Chemical Society and a Fellow of the Optical Society of America and the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI). 1986/87 he was President of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

From 1963 to 1966 he was co-editor of the Journal of Chemical Physics and from 1965 he was on the editorial board of Molecular Physics , from 1978 editor of Chemical Physics Letters and from 1981 to 1989 co-editor of the International Reviews in Physical Chemistry .

Buckingham is Commander of the British Empire (CBE).

Fonts

  • The Laws and Applications of Thermodynamics , Pergamon Press, 1964 (Spanish translation 1966)
  • Organic Liquids: Structure, Dynamics and Chemical Properties , Wiley 1978
  • as editor of The Principles of Molecular Recognition , Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow 1993
  • Electric moments of molecules in H. Eyring, W. Jost, D. Henderson (editors) Physical Chemistry - an advanced treatise , Academic Press 1970
  • with B. Utting Intermolecular forces , Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 21, 1970, 287-316
  • Basic theory of intermolecular forces - application to small molecules in D. Pullman (editor) Intermolecular interactions: from diatomics to biopolymers , Wiley 1978
  • Interatomic and intermolecular forces , in J. Dupuy, AJ Dianoux Microscopic structure and dynamics of liquids , Plenum Press 1978
  • General theory of intermolecular forces in J.-L. Rivail Modeling of molecular structure and properties in Physical Chemistry and Biophysics , Elsevier 1990, pp. 17-26
  • Basic theory of intermolecular forces in JJ Teixera-Dias Molecular Liquids: New Perspectives in Physics and Chemistry , Kluwer 1992

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Biographical data, publications and academic pedigree of A. David Buckingham at academictree.org, accessed on January 22, 2018.
  2. ^ Buckingham Direct method of measuring molecular quadrupole moments , J. Chem. Phys., 30, 1959, 1580-1585
  3. ↑ Buckingham, R. Disch The quadrupole moment of the carbon dioxide molecule , Proc. Roy. Soc. A 273, 1963, 275-289
  4. ↑ Buckingham, T. Schaffer, WG Schneider Solvent effects in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra , J. Chem. Phys., 32, 1960, 1227-1233
  5. ↑ Buckingham Solvent Effects in Vibrational Spectroscopy , Trans. Faraday Society, 56, 1960, 753-760
  6. ^ Buckingham, Lovering Effects of a strong electric fields on NMR spectra. The absolute sign of the spin coupling constant , Transactions Faraday Society, Volume 58, 1962, 2077-2081
  7. ↑ Buckingham Birefringence resulting from the application of an intense beam of light to an anisotropic medium , Proc. Phys. Soc. B, 59, 1956, 344-349
  8. ↑ Buckingham, P. Hibbard Polarizability and Hyperpolarizability of the Helium Atom , Symp. Faraday Society, 2, 1968, 41-47
  9. ↑ Barron, Buckingham Rayleigh and Raman Scattering from optically active molecules , Molecular Physics, 20, 1971, 1111-1119
  10. ↑ Buckingham Linear and nonlinear light scattering from the surface of liquids , Australien Journal of Physics, Volume 43, 1990, pp. 617-624
  11. ^ Buckingham The theoretical background to vibrational optical activity , Faraday Discussions, Volume 99, 1994, pp. 1-12, abstract
  12. ↑ Emeritus Fellows of Pembroke College ( Memento from December 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Buckingham, A. David
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Buckingham, Amyand David (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Australian chemist
DATE OF BIRTH January 28, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Sydney