Anaglyph 3D
Under anaglyph 3D (also anaglyph or anaglyph image ) from ancient Greek ἀνά aná , German ` ` on, on top of '' and γλύφω glýphō , ` ` chisel '', ` ` engrave '', also ` ` represent '' one understands in the original sense basically any stereo projection (e.g. the So, strictly speaking, 3D polarization projection is also an "anaglyph projection"), but "anaglyphic" usually means a color anaglyphic representation.
A color anaglyph image is a stereogram in which the two stereoscopic partial images are not displayed next to one another but rather are superimposed. The term anaglyph image is mostly used for monochrome or color anaglyphs, in which the fields are colored in complementary colors. There are now a number of different methods with different color filters. Color anaglyphs 3D is above all a very inexpensive 3D process that can be implemented.
functionality
In the anaglyph process, the image is separated using color filters. The right and left fields are colored in complementary colors. The two fields are separated using special anaglyph glasses with appropriately colored glasses or colored foils. In the past, red was mostly used with green or blue. When viewing the anaglyph image, the red filter erases the red film image and the green image becomes black - the green filter deletes the green color image and the red becomes black. Since both eyes now see different images, a spatial image is created again in the brain.
Using the red-cyan process, the procedure for creating a three-dimensional image is explained here using the adjacent diagram:
- In the first line you can see the two colored images for the left and right eyes (in this illustration also seen with a parallel view).
- The second line shows that only the red channel of the left image and the blue and green channels of the right image are used for the calculation.
- The finished, colored anaglyph in row three is created by combining the red channel of the left and blue-green values of the right image.
This method is not perfect. When looking through red-cyan glasses, the two spheres on the left are particularly problematic as they have the filter colors red and cyan, which leads to disruptive effects when looking at them.
While red-green and red-blue glasses only use two color channels of the available red, green and blue channels , cyan consists of a mixture of green and blue, which together with the red filter brings all three colors into play ( In the case of blue-yellow glasses, the same applies, since yellow is produced from red and green light).
history
The anaglyph method was developed in 1853 by Wilhelm Rollmann in Leipzig, who published a paper entitled Two new stereoscopic methods in J. C. Poggendorf's Annalen der Physik (and Chemistry) and presented the method in it. In the early days, the anaglyph images were used in particular in mathematical textbooks to illustrate stereometry and trigonometry . At that time, the 3D glasses still contained the red filter in front of the left eye, the green in front of the right.
Special anaglyph cards were also used in geography lessons. For example, in the Department of Geography - Methodology at the Pädagogische Hochschule Potsdam, various three-dimensional maps have been developed using the anaglyph method and successfully tested in local history and geography lessons. In the Potsdam teaching experiments with anaglyph materials (1967–1970), instead of the traditional inductive approach, the deductive path of knowledge was taken when introducing the students to map comprehension.
In the late 1970s, Stephen Gibson improved the color anaglyph technique with his patented "Deep Vision" system that uses different filter colors: red in front of the right eye and cyan in front of the left. In today's red-cyan glasses, the colors have just been swapped (see illustration). Cyan consists of equal parts blue and green and enables a better representation of true colors. The Danish company ColorCode 3D made it possible to use a new process (amber / blue) to display anaglyphs in even more realistic colors. The filter colors of the “ColorCode” glasses are blue in front of the right eye and yellow in front of the left. This system allows the color red to be included in the design of the 3D image. Since 2007 the Californian company "TrioScopics" has been supplementing the range of inexpensive color filter techniques with the filter colors green (left) and magenta (right). In 2008, another color anaglyph method (“Trio Scopics”) was introduced in England, with green in front of the left eye and magenta in front of the right. This color filter technique is particularly suitable for screen display and is used for some 3D films that have appeared on DVDs and BDs .
gallery
Dandelion 3D image (anaglyph red / green, red filter on the right)
Reactor ancillary systems 3D image (anaglyph red / green, red filter on the left)
Jedutenhügel 3D image (anaglyph red / cyan, red filter on the right)
Lilac blossom 3D image (color anaglyph, red filter on the right)
Stereo photograph from around 1906 as an anaglyph image
Digital stereo photography from 2009
A brass vessel as an example of a ColorCode 3D anaglyph
Colored 3D anaglyph image for red-cyan glasses, motif: in the streets of Hvar on the Croatian island of the same name
Colored 3D anaglyph image from the stereo microscope for red-cyan glasses, motif: self-tapping screw
Colored 3D anaglyph image for red-cyan glasses. Motif: leaf of a marsh marigold
Colored 3D anaglyph image for red-cyan glasses. Motive: 3D macro shot of a fly
Colored 3D anaglyph image for red-cyan glasses. Motif: Historic town hall and Jakobuskirche in 63486 Bruchköbel , Main-Kinzig-Kreis , Hesse
Colored 3D anaglyph image for red-cyan glasses. Motif: Green iguana in the Dolphin Research Center , Grassy Key , Florida , USA
Amlishagen Castle. Two laterally offset drone recordings were converted into a 3D anaglyph image using special software. (further shot)
- Anaglyph video of a tesseract
Others
On February 28, 1982, the third television program ran the program When the Pictures Become Plastic , for which viewers had to wear anaglyph glasses. Winfried Göpfert conducted the show .
literature
- Breetz, Egon: Anaglyphs to support spatial imagination and map understanding in geography lessons. In: Zt. Fd Erdkundeunter., H 11/1966, pp. 413–421 (with picture and map supplement).
- Breetz, Egon: Procedure for developing card reading skills with special consideration of the use of anaglyph materials. PH Potsdam 1971. (Diss. A).
- Breetz, Egon and Gerth, Ewald: Process for the production of large-area parallax stereograms, in particular for the spatial representation of the ground relief. GDR patent specification 83901, WP 57a / 148 150 (August 12, 1971).
- Göbel, Joachim: Anaglyphs in geography lessons at the school for the hearing impaired. In: Die Sonderschule, H. 5/1968, pp. 279–283.
Web links
- www.anaglyphe.de - collections of pictures, games and videos as well as tutorials on the anaglyph method
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Rollmann: Two new stereoscopic methods . In: Annals of Physics (and Chemistry) . Edition 90. Halle, Leipzig, p. 186 f . ( Google Books )
- ↑ As of February 28, 1982 - The first 3D broadcast on German television. WDR , February 28, 2012, accessed March 9, 2020 .