Andreas Scheele

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Andreas Scheele (also: Andreas Schele and Andreas Scheilen and Andreas Scheile ; * before 1638 in Verden ; † November 16, 1677 in Hanover ) was a German goldsmith and mint master .

Life

"VON FEINEM SILVER ": 12 Mariengroschen , 1672;
Exhibit in the Bode Museum , Berlin

Shortly after the residence acquisition of Hanover by Duke George of Calenberg in 1636 - right in the Thirty Years' War - was made by the coming of Verden and has already trained goldsmith Andreas Scheele on 12 October 1638 the oath of citizenship of the city of Hannover. In the same year he married a sister of the Hanoverian goldsmith Moritz Borchmann .

After the end of the war - his first wife had since died - Scheele married again on August 10, 1649. In the following year 1650 - as well as 1656 - he held the office of Hanoverian foreman.

Also in 1650 Scheele created one of his most important works, the cup of the baker's office in his chosen city, which became the property of the Hanover Historical Museum .

As a maker's mark used Scheele his initials A S , as Beschaustempel the cloverleaf .

In a letter dated November 20, 1650, foreman Scheele and his foreman colleague Hilmer Zindel complained about the "highly harmful Jews " and raised the allegations that "they spoil all good police order and not only with gold and silver work, especially Also with other honest professionals run goods from home at home and thus scout out where, for example, a lot of silver or gold can be haggled, and thereby let the good silver boil and renovate again by their goldsmiths and fusers in the new town and elsewhere in the country and solder it with forbidden means and thus apparently deceive people. "

In the basement of the old council and von Soden monastery , today the cloister corridor and Rademacher staircase on the Leine , the municipal mint was housed until 1674, Schele's workplace;
Photography around 1900

From October 12, 1666, Schele worked as a mint master in the building of the municipal mint, which was housed in the basement of the council and von Sooden monastery built in 1636 .

At the same time, from 1668 to 1672, specifically from April 17, 1668, he worked as a mint master for the town of “ Eimbeck ”, minting groschen as well as 4 and 3 pfennig pieces. He was supposed to manufacture these coins in accordance with the Lower Saxony District Coin Order, for which he was liable with all his belongings. At the same time, the city council of Einbeck claimed a treasure trove of 3 Mariengroschen for each mark .

However, Scheele allegedly failed to strike Einbeck's coins in spite of his contract. Coin tests of the Eimbeck coins carried out in November 1670 are said to have shown that 140 silver groschen from a mark of 7 1/2 lot were minted for silver instead of 124 pieces from an 8-lot mark. The samples also showed that the Mariengroschen struck by Scheele were of too little value. It should have been noted that Scheele "in connection with a Jew in the Mint zu Einbeck let these fraudulent groschen beat by the thousands (as well as in Northeim )".

In Hanover, however, Scheele initially continued to work as a mint master. In the same year 1666, when he took over this office, the city council leased the municipal mint to Johann Duve . Scheele's minters were initially Johann Duve and the vineyard master Erich Volger , but soon Duve was alone. But Duve's coin manipulation ultimately led Duke Johann Friedrich to close the city mint on November 27, 1674, forever.

With the closure of municipal mint Although Scheles task ended as Master of the Mint, but Duke Johann Friedrich put it soon after, on February 16, 1675, or in 1676, in his services as herzoglich brunswick-Lüneburg coin Wardein .

In addition to outstanding individual items such as Willkommen , Schele had previously created numerous coins such as ducats with the coat of arms of the city of Hanover, thalers , half and quarter thalers , different- valued Mariengroschen , groschen and pennies as well as threes, mostly made of silver, more rarely of gold.

The funeral service for the 1677 deceased was held in the Hanover market church .

Works (selection)

  • Dated 1644: Lid for the little welcome of the Hanover bakers created by Hans Rhaders in 1626
  • 1650: Cup of the City of Hanover's Bakery Office
  • 1652: Baptismal bowl for the Aegidienkirche , donated by the pastors and deacons of the sacred building
  • 1664: Christening bowl embossed in silver for the Kreuzkirche in Hanover, donated by Hans Kumme and Ilse Nortmeyers

literature

  • Hans Graeven : History of the city-Hanoverian goldsmiths . In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , volume 4/1901, pp. 193–228; here: pp. 200, 213, 214; Preview over google books
  • Heinrich Buck , Ortwin Meier (arrangement): Mintmaster Andreas Schele, October 12, 1666 to November 27, 1674. Mintmark: A · S · , in this: The coins of the city of Hanover. On behalf of the Lord Mayor of Hanover, Hanover: Self-published by the capital Hanover; [Frankfurt am Main]: [Hess], Hanover 1935; illustrated digital copy (excerpt) on coingallery.de
  • Wolfgang Scheffler : Andreas Scheele (Scheile) , in this: Goldsmiths in Lower Saxony. Dates, works, characters , half volume 1: Aerzen - Hamburg , Berlin: de Gruyter, 1965, p. 721; limited preview in Google Book search

Web links

Commons : Andreas Scheele  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Wolfgang Scheffler: Andreas Scheele (Scheile) , in ders .: Goldsmiths of Lower Saxony. Dates, works, characters , half volume 1: Aerzen - Hamburg , Berlin: de Gruyter, 1965, p. 721; limited preview in Google Book search
  2. ↑ a b Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Schlickeysen , Reinhold Pallmann: Explanation of the abbreviations on coins of modern times, the Middle Ages and antiquity as well as on commemorative coins and coin-like symbols , 4th edition, unchanged imprint of the one published in 1896 by W. Spemann, Berlin and Stuttgart 3rd and improved edition, Photomechanischer Nachdruck, Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 1961, p. 44; Preview over google books
  3. ^ A b c d e f Heinrich Buck, Ortwin Meier (arrangement): Mint master Andreas Schele, October 12, 1666 to November 27, 1674. Mintmark: A · S · , in this: The coins of the city of Hanover. On behalf of the Lord Mayor of Hanover, Hanover: Self-published by the capital Hanover; [Frankfurt am Main]: [Hess], Hanover 1935; illustrated digital copy (excerpt) on coingallery.de
  4. ↑ a b c d Arnold Nöldeke: The art monuments of the city of Hanover, part 1, monuments of the "old" city area of ​​Hanover. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Hannover , Volume 1, H. 2, Teil 1) Hannover 1932. (as reprint : Verlag Wenner, Osnabrück 1979, ISBN 3-87898-151-1 ), p. 125; 150-151; Digitized via archive.org
  5. ^ Klaus Mlynek : Residenzrezess (contract) , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 521
  6. ^ A b Sabine Wehking : DI 36, City of Hannover, No. 362 in the inscription catalog City of Hannover
  7. ↑ Bernd Schedlitz: Leffmann Behrens. Studies on Court Judaism in the Age of Absolutism (= sources and representations on the history of Lower Saxony , vol. 97), at the same time dissertation 1982 at the University of Kiel, Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1984, ISBN 978-3-7848-3497-9 and ISBN 3- 7848-3497-3 , p. 44; Preview over google books
  8. ↑ a b c Klaus Mlynek : Münzwesen , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 454
  9. ^ A b The Numismatic Circular , Volumes 18-20, 1910, p. 87; Preview over google books
  10. ↑ a b Journal for Numismatics , Volume 29 [1912], pp. 44, 45; Preview over google books
personal data
SURNAME Scheele, Andreas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schele, Andreas; Scheile, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German goldsmith and mint master
DATE OF BIRTH before 1638
PLACE OF BIRTH Verden
DATE OF DEATH November 16, 1677
Place of death Hanover