Kreuzkirche (Hanover)

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Kreuzkirche in Hanover with Duve Chapel

The Evangelical Lutheran Kreuzkirche (Castle and City Church of St. Crucis) is the northwest of the three Hanoverian old town churches (the other two are Marktkirche and Aegidienkirche ). It is in the Kreuzkirchenviertel in the old town of Hanover .

history

The Kreuzkirche goes back to the parish that was separated from the Hanoverian market parish in 1284 . Their services initially took place in the church of the nearby Heiligen-Geist-Spital (at the northern confluence of Bonehauerstrasse and Schmiedestrasse), which no longer exists today. The present building was in 1333 as a church of St. Spiritus et Crucis ordained as a single-nave , Gothic , four jochigen hall church with cross vaults and einjochigem 5 / 8 -Chor .

In 1496/1497 the St. Anne's Chapel was added to the north side of the nave. While the church was made of natural stone, the chapel was made of brick in the so-called monastery format (about 8/13/28 centimeters) with the same eaves height and also a steep gable roof . The east side of St. Anne's Chapel received a Gothic stepped gable as a conclusion. There is still a stone here today that shows a shamrock carried by two angels - part of the Hanover city coat of arms. In addition to the main portal of the Kreuzkirche, distinctive stonemason marks can be seen at eye level, as well as other marks and spoils on the south side of the tower .

In 1560, the church was drastically rebuilt to meet the increased space requirements. Heavy pillars were built between the windows of the north wall and the north wall towards the chapel was broken. This created the sacristy with the well-known library and a new aisle with the gallery for the student choir in the basement of the chapel . In 1591 a false ceiling was built into the chapel and a round stair tower was built on the east side . This was an urgent need for the new Lutheran liturgy.

Around 1900: View towards the cross valve ;
Postcard number "1034" from Karl F. Wunder

The spire of the Kreuzkirche was destroyed in a storm in 1630 and rebuilt as a baroque tower in 1652/1653 on the initiative and with funding of Johann Duve . In 1655, Duve was able to have his own grave chapel built on the south side of the choir. It was a single-storey sandstone building with a splendid, elaborate façade. In addition, the building has a central arched door, shell niches, framed by pilasters with putti capitals , which are topped by sloping gables with message boards and the family coats of arms.

The interior of the Kreuzkirche, which initially housed up to 19 altars, has been rebuilt many times over the centuries. In 1594, for example, a stone Renaissance pulpit was built by Claus von Münchhausen, but it was removed again in 1658. The pulpit was later moved to the church in Lauenau , where it is still located today.

In 1675 the church interior was given a choir screen, and in 1692 a prieche in the upper aisle. The hanging pulpit from 1758, richly carved by the court sculptor Ziesenis, did not survive the Second World War . The Neo-Gothic burned down, as did the 1910 organ. As early as 1822/1823, the remaining medieval and post-Reformation artefacts suffered the same fate as those of the other two Gothic churches. They were cleared out, sold or destroyed. Only the baptismal font remained.

In 1851 the lawyer and publicist Adolf Mensching founded the "Society for Religious Progress" "with the" Norddeutsche Volkszeitung "as the organ of the association, together with" other members of the Volksverein [...] within the Kreuzkirchengemeinde.

In autumn 1873 the pastor F. Wilhelm Th. Höpfner from Osterode was elected as successor to Ludwig Adolf Petri .

In 1943 the Kreuzkirche was destroyed except for the walls, roof structure and Duve chapel in one of the great air raids on Hanover . It was rebuilt between 1959 and 1961 by Ernst Witt (without side aisle and Annenkapelle). A small sacristy was added to the north side in 1961, in which the Serbian Orthodox congregation of St. Sava worshiped until 1995. Because a restoration of the castle church was ruled out, the castle parish received the Kreuzkirche in 1960 as a new place of worship. It then called itself "Castle and City Church of St. Crucis".

The Kreuzkirchengemeinde became part of the Marktkirche in 1982 together with the Aegidienkirche. For several years now, Sunday services have mostly been organized by the Protestant student congregation. The market parish is responsible for both construction and everything else, e.g. B. the concerts and exhibitions. In the Kreuzkirche, church education and guided tours are offered, as well as concerts and events.

description

Interior of the Kreuzkirche

The structure is almost 23 m long and 6.5 m wide. The eaves height of the ship is around 10 meters and the tower height around 70 m. The medieval, original tower had a slender octagonal top.

The interior of the Kreuzkirche is kept simple. The most important ornament is the altar painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Ä. (before 1537). It was originally located in the castle church in the Leineschloss , for which Duke Johann Friedrich acquired it from the Alexander monastery in Einbeck in 1675 (?) .

The bronze baptismal font from around 1410 is very likely a Hildesheim work. It is a round cauldron, carried by three kneeling men, who are probably the bronze foundries from Hildesheim. The baptismal font shows sculptural figures of saints and a crucifixion motif in an arcature of eight fields, which is a masterpiece from the 15th century.

The three chandeliers come from the Aegidien Church, from which they could be relocated in good time before the bombing raids in World War II. They were cast in brass in the 17th and 18th centuries.

The gravestones attached to the walls are of artistic, historical and special iconographic importance. This includes two grave slabs from the Middle Ages. It is a gravestone for the city governor Dietrich von Rinteln († 1321), who shows the deceased in a long coat and with his coat of arms - the inscription in Gothic capitals . It is the oldest preserved grave monument in Hanover.

The grave slab of Thidericus de Rintelen († 1321), the oldest preserved tomb in Hanover, was integrated into the Minorite monastery .
The individualizing grave slab of those from the stone house was originally found on the Nikolaikapelle outside the city ​​fortifications of Hanover .

The other tomb is that of city governor Johannes von Stenhus († 1332) and his wife Hildegardis († 1335) together with their large band of sons and daughters. It is possibly the first grave memorial to depict a family in Germany. The people depicted have individual features and are classified according to age. This was not common with human images in the early 14th century. The Hanover city archaeologist and museum director Helmut Plath found the plates in the ruins of the Leineschloss in 1949 . There they had served as wall and floor panels in the castle church. An impressive stone on the outer northeast side is the epitaph for the merchant Berendt Duve (* 1634), a nephew of Johann Duve . The dove (Low German: Duve ) can be recognized twice in the family coat of arms .

Parts of the medieval tombs, in which historical bone finds from Hanover are kept, have been preserved. They served as air raid shelters in World War II.

organ

organ

The neo-baroque organ was built by the Emil Hammer Orgelbau workshop in 1965 and overhauled and its sound improved by OBM Jörg Bente in 2011/2012 . It has 34 registers on three manuals and a pedal . The game actions are mechanical, the stop actions are electric.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
Dumped 8th'
Principal 4 ′
recorder 4 ′
Gemshorn 2 ′
Sesquialtera II
octave 1'
Scharff IV
Rankett 16 ′
Krummhorn 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
Drone 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Reed flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
octave 2 ′
Mixture V-VI
Trumpet 8th'
III breast swelling C – g 3
Wooden dacked 8th'
Reed flute 4 ′
Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Principal 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Zimbel III
shelf 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
octave 4 ′
Night horn 2 ′
Mixture V
trombone 16 ′
Trumpet 8th'
Clarine 4 ′
  • Pair : I / II, III / II, I / P

Bells

The ringing consists of four church bells from the bell founder Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling from 1961. They sound in the strike tone sequence e 1 –gis 1 –h 1 –cis 2 . In the same year he cast two bells (e 2 and g sharp 2 ) for the existing old bell (h 2 ), which still comes from the castle church. After noise complaints, only the larger chime acts as a quarter-hour chime, the hour chiming occurs via the smallest chime. The Great David (a 0) was originally donated by Pastor David Meyer for the Kreuzkirche and only reached the Marktkirche after the Second World War. The George Bell (cis 1 ) and the larger quarter-hour bell (cis 1) now also hang in the tower of the market church .

Personalities

  • Rupert Erythropel (1556-1626); the pastor and ancestor of one of the oldest Hanoverian scholarly families, the Erythropels , worked at the Kreuzkirche from 1586 to 1596.
  • David Meyer (1572–1640), the poet and chronicler was the pastor of the Kreuzkirche from 1599–1609, initiated the “Kreuzkirchenbibliothek”, donated the bell “Great David”.

Kreuzkirchenviertel

View into Kreuzstrasse

The Cross Church 1949-1951 which was created Kreuzkirche quarter . The quarter was rebuilt in place of the houses that were completely destroyed in the Second World War. For this purpose, the owners of the land joined together to form a construction cooperative. The previously very small parceled and closely built-up plots have been redistributed and rebuilt with plenty of green and garden areas.

literature

  • Arnold Nöldeke : The art monuments of the province of Hanover . 1: Hanover district. Issue 2: City of Hanover. Part 1: Monuments of the "old" city area of ​​Hanover. Hanover 1932, pp. 130-153.
  • Wulf Schadendorf: Hannoversche Kirchen ( Small Art Guide for Lower Saxony , Issue 8). Goettingen 1954
  • Festschrift for the inauguration of the castle and city church Hanover St. Crucis - Kreuzkirche . Edited by the ev.-luth. Kreuzkirchengemeinde and the ev.-luth. Schloßkirchengemeinde Hannover. Hanover 1960.
  • Waldemar R. Röhrbein : The castle church becomes Catholic . In: Stories about Hanover's churches. Studies, pictures, documents . [Ed .:] Hans Werner Dannowski and Waldemar R. Röhrbein. Hanover: Lutherhaus-Verlag 1983, pp. 166–169 (on the origin of the Cranach altar). ISBN 3-87502-145-2
  • Ulfrid Müller: The castle and town church St. Crucis (Kreuzkirche) in Hanover ( large architectural monuments , issue 373). Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag 1985
  • Klaus Eberhard Sander: The Cranach Altar in the Kreuzkirche, its history and character . In: Market Church . Edited by the parish council of the Marktkirchengemeinde Hannover. Vol. 1990, pp. 41-46.
  • Heinrich Emmendörffer: The Kreuzkirche in new splendor. The renovation of the Kreuzkirche in summer 1991 . In: Market Church . Edited by the parish council of the Marktkirchengemeinde Hannover. Vol. 1991, pp. 31-33.
  • Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Hanover art and culture lexicon , manual and city guide , 3rd, rev. Edition Hannover: Schäfer 1995, pp. 142–144.
  • Albrecht Weisker: Castle and town church St. Crucis (cruciform church) . In: Hanover's churches. 140 churches in and around town . Edited by Wolfgang Puschmann . Hermannsburg: Ludwig-Harms-Haus 2005, pp. 16-19. ISBN 3-937301-35-6
  • Martin-G. Kunze: Marktkirche - Aegidienkirche - Kreuzkirche - Nikolaikapelle. Features of medieval Hanover city history . In: Churches, monasteries, chapels in the Hanover region . Sascha Aust (among others). Photographs by Thomas Langreder. Hanover: Lutherisches Verlagshaus 2005, pp. 13–22. ISBN 3-7859-0924-1
  • Gerd Weiß, Marianne Zehnpfennig: Kreuzkirche and Kreuzkirchenviertel. In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, part 1, vol. 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , p. 57ff ..; as well as in the middle of the addendum to volume 10.2, list of architectural monuments according to § 4 (NDSchG) (excluding architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation) / Status: July 1, 1985 / City of Hanover , p. 3ff.
  • Florian Hoffmann: Kreuzkirche. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 368.

Web links

Commons : Schloss- und Stadtkirche St. Crucis (Hanover)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Mlynek : MENSCHING, (1) Adolf. In: Dirk Böttcher, Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , pp. 250f .; online through google books
  2. ↑ More information about the organ on the municipality's website
  3. ↑ Dirk Böttcher : Erythropel. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 112; online through google books
  4. ^ Johann Anton Strubberg : M. Rupertus Erythropilus. In: ders .: Kurtze message from which evangelical preachers, So since the Reformation Lutheri stood on the old city Hanover. Part of: David Meier : Kurtzgefaste Message of the Christian Reformation In Churches and Schools The Old Town Hanover. Förster, Hannover 1731, pp. 120-128.
  5. ↑ Dirk Böttcher : MEYER, (2) David (also Meier). In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 252

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 '24 "  N , 9 ° 43' 58"  E