Minorite Monastery Hanover

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The Minoritenkloster in Hanover was in the Middle Ages, a monastery of Franciscans ( "Ordo Fratrum Minorum" (OFM), also called "Order of Friars Minor" or "Friars Minor", even after the footwear barefoot walking in sandals religious men " Barfüßer called"). The Franciscans, named after the founder of the order, Francis of Assisi , were the only one of the four mendicant orders allowed to settle within the city ​​fortifications of Hanover . The location of the monastery was the site of the later Leineschloss , today's Lower Saxony state parliament . It existed from 1291 to 1533.

history

The grave slab of Thidericus de Rintelen († 1321), the oldest preserved tomb in Hanover, was integrated into the monastery church.

As early as 1288, the Barfüßer Brothers convention in Hanover was verifiably on a piece of land left by the von Alten family , namely Dieterich and Gerhard von Alten, according to another source Dieterich and Eberhard von Alten . Shortly afterwards, the Bishop of Hildesheim , Siegfried II , gave them ownership of the land on September 5, 1291, according to document book no. 54 . In the following year, the von Alten also handed over the sub-property ( regesta ), since the property was originally a fiefdom from Hildesheim.

Now the Franciscans, who belonged to the Saxon Franciscan Province ( Saxonia ), bought a piece of land on the banks of the Leine from the knight Boldewin von Roden and founded their monastery in 1291. However, because they had "built a quay wall" over which the buildings erected on it protruded above the water , and because they also polluted the river with the sewage from their sewers and their kitchen, there was a dispute with the knight's sons. As owners of the Ottenwerder opposite the bank (later Friederikenplatz ), they owned the fishing rights along the line there along with Werder . The monastery was first mentioned in a document through a comparison with the knights on March 19, 1310 : The Franciscans, who also kept a boat on a leash, secured burial places and soul masses for deceased family members at an altar to be built in their monastery church for those of Roden , the

"Primum altare, quod extra chorum in ecclesia nostra fuerit instaurandum."

In a letter from 1322, the Minorites mentioned Baldevin von Roden , his two sons Johann Lambertus and Otto as well as a Johann von Roden and his brother Sifridus by name . In a letter regarding the purchase of the click mill , Otto von Roden and his son Heinrich , Aschwin and Johann von Roden are named.

The individualizing grave slab of those from the Steinhaus came from the Nikolaikapelle to the monastery and later to the Kreuzkirche

But the convention "seems to have gradually moved to permanent buildings". In 1340 he received two "agri prope ... ad caedendos lapides ad structuram aedificiorum sui conventus" in Linden and on May 14, 1399 2,000 small and large bricks for the construction of the monastery. The altar of Mary in the monastery church and the sacristy were first mentioned in 1401. Nevertheless, the first church was not the one that the archaeologist Arnold Nöldeke later found built into the Leineschloss: A document issued on February 5, 1436 spoke of the second church building of the monastery. The grave slab of Dietrich von Rinteln († 1321) was integrated into this as well as the - not preserved - tombs of the von Roden and von Idensen families . In 1365 a provincial chapter of Saxonia had already taken place, which presupposes the existence of sufficient rooms to accommodate brothers from abroad. At the 1401 convent in Hanover there was a study house for the training of the next generation of the order; In 1501 a lector secundarius is attested, according to which the studies were contested by at least two lecturers .

In 1452 the Hanoverian Ludolf Grove , at the time Bishop of Oesel in West Estonia , gave the “domus” of the Grove family on Leinstrasse to the Minorites for the purpose of demolishing the house on it, the construction of a cemetery on the front half and a pleasure garden on the one facing the Leine other half next to the herb garden (viridarium) of the Franciscans. The property of the Quirre family bordered the area ; Ludolf Quirre made it through nepotism , collecting benefices and ropes over the status of a canon of the Braunschweiger St. Blasiusstift to the cathedral provost in Halberstadt .

The Franciscans formed a significant part of the pastoral care clergy in Hanover and were “ in competition with the parish clergy with regard to the exercise of pastoral care rights, which are subject to fees .” Although they traditionally enjoyed a high reputation among the population, as a result of the Reformation (see: Eberhard Runge ) left both their monastery and the city on September 14, 1533. Some of the brothers withdrew in a solemn procession with cross , flags, pictures and torches - according to the legend about " Bischofshol " - from where they met Bishop Otto III. personally accompanied to Hildesheim . At the same time, the entire Catholic clergy had left the city with them, namely the pastors of the Aegidienkirche and the Kreuzkirche as well as the " Canonici " of the St. Gallenkapelle . The last remaining Franciscans were expelled from the city in 1536, as the guilds demanded. In Hildesheim, however, the Franciscans suffered the same fate as early as 1542, when the local monastery was also dissolved; the Hildesheim Franciscan Church of St. Martini became a Lutheran parish church in 1547.

After the Minorites were expelled from Hanover, the city council closed the monastery and handed the building over to the deacons of the market church . The silver found in the monastery, however, was handed over to the mint by the council in order to make money from it and thus finance the voices that were still missing on the organ of the market church.

Since the former convent buildings should not be turned into simple residential purposes, the City Council in 1551 put a so-called hospitium for 19 arms into it, - the 1533-1548 designed and intended for destitute men and women Council monastery . Added to this was the 1587 "from Hildesheim Propst Mauritius von Soden " Founded Hospital Nevertheless followed uses to more mundane purposes: The church building was as Arsenal made subservient, exploited other rooms on the urban coin as an urban grain or salt magazine as library and housing for municipal officials as well as writing and arithmetic school.

When in 1630 - in the middle of the Thirty Years' War - an attempt was made to restitute the monastery of the Barefoot Order, the city council, on the instructions of the sovereign, Duke Georg von Calenberg , refused to accept the trade. Finally, in 1637, the duke designated the city of Hanover as his residence and the site of the former Minorite monastery for the construction of the Leineschloss built for him . For this purpose, the remaining buildings were demolished, only the church was preserved and converted into a court and palace chapel .

Probably due to the war, the writing and arithmetic school had since died. It was moved to another building in 1647, “probably the old beguinage ”. The later “Lyceum I” or the Hanoverian Ratsgymnasium emerged from this “Council writing and arithmetic school” .

Building description

The chronicler Johann Heinrich Redecker is said to have fallen into error when attempting to reconstruct the floor plan of the barefoot monastery before 1637. The church, which was abandoned in 1533, is secured along the Leinstrasse "and - at right angles to it, from its choir to the guardianship of the city wall - the living and sleeping quarters for the monks".

Minorite altar

The so-called "Minorite Altar" was described by the monument conservator Arnold Nöldeke (see literature) with the help of various photographs "with the permission of His Royal Highness the Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg". The altar was at the time in the "Provincial Museum" (today: Lower Saxony State Museum ).

In addition, Nöldeke also described other items of equipment.

St. Anthony's Monastery in the 20th century

In the 20th century there was a branch in Kleefeld from 1927 to 2010, initially for the Thuringian Franciscan Province ( Thuringia ), which provided pastoral care at the local St. Antonius Church . The foundation stone for the new monastery was laid on August 31, 1927. In 1946 the Thuringia left the monastery to the Silesian Franciscan Province ( Silesia ), whose Silesian monasteries had become a Polish religious province. In 1983 the Thuringia monasteries in the Federal Republic of Germany and thus Hanover as well were incorporated into Saxonia . In 1998 the Saxon Franciscan Province moved its Provincialate from Werl to the convent in Kleefeld. In 2010, the year the German Franciscan Province was founded, the provincial office was relocated to Munich and the Hanover branch was given up due to a lack of young people.

literature

  • Stephan Gutowski: The Friars Minor in Hanover. In: Dieter Berg (ed.): Franciscan life in the Middle Ages. Studies on the history of the Rhenish and Saxon order provinces. Werl 1994, pp. 93-109.
  • Arnold Nöldeke : Minorite Monastery. In: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Provinz Hannover Vol. 1, H. 2, Teil 1, self-published by the Provinzialverwaltung, Theodor Schulzes Buchhandlung, Hannover 1932 (Neudruck Verlag Wenner, Osnabrück 1979, ISBN 3-87898-151-1 ), p. 215– 220; Nöldeke names numerous abbreviations for document numbers and other sources
  • Joachim Studtmann: History of the Franciscan Monastery in Hanover. In: Our Diocese in Past and Present , Jhrg. 2 (1928), pp. 45–79
  • Georg Schnath : Das Leineschloss: monastery, princely seat, state parliament building , with contributions by Rudolf Hillebrecht and Helmut Plath , new edition of the previous title Das Leineschloß , Hahn, Hannover 1962, pp. 9–28
  • Klaus Mlynek : Minorites. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 444.

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c d Klaus Mlynek: Minorites (see literature)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Arnold Nöldeke: Minorite monastery (see literature)
  3. ^ R. Hartmann: History of the residential city of Hanover from the oldest times to the present , E. Kniep, 1880, pp. 39, 134, 256; partly online via Google books
  4. ↑ a b c Rudolph L. Hoppe: History of the city of Hanover: with 2 views and 1 floor plan , Hanover 1845, p. 18f. u.ö .; online through google books.
  5. ↑ Gerd Weiß, Mariann Zehnpfennig: Old Town. Beginnings of settlement and the development of the old town plan In: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 1, [Bd.] 10.1 , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , p. 49ff, here: 50.
  6. ↑ Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Leineinsel "Little Venice" . In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 396f.
  7. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 121.139.
  8. ↑ a b Brigide Schwarz : A "rope team" of clerics from Hanover in the late Middle Ages . In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries . Volume 81, 2001, pp. 256–277 ( online on Perspektiveia.net ).
  9. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 277.283.
  10. ↑ Note: After Nöldeke was the foundation of Maurice of Sode "well-founded"
  11. ↑ Stadtlexikon: a writing and arithmetic school; according to Nöldeke: "Writing and Girls School".
  12. ↑ Klaus Mlynek : Beguines. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 53f.
  13. ^ Ines Katenhusen , Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Lower Saxony State Museum. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 473ff.
  14. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 553.577.621641.

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 14 ″  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 1 ″  E