Silesian Franciscan Province

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Aegidius Church in Breslau, Franciscan Church from 1888

The Silesian Franciscan Province of St. Hedwig ("Silesia") was a religious province of the Franciscans . It existed from 1911 to 1992.

Origin and development up to the Second World War

Founding of monasteries in the 19th century

Even before secularization, Silesia had a Franciscan province: On January 22nd, 1755, the convents in Breslau (St. Antonius), Glatz, Glogau, Goldberg, Jauer, Leobschütz, Liegnitz, Namslau, Neisse and Ratibor were from the order's leadership The Bohemian Order Province was detached and constituted as the "Province of St. Hedwig", which, however, only existed until around 1810 as a result of the monastery closings in the course of secularization.

Chair in the Breslau-Carlovitz Study House (2005)

In the second half of the 19th century, the Saxon Franciscan Province of the Holy Cross ( Saxonia ) founded several branches in Silesia ( Silesia ) again or for the first time. These were the convents of St. Annaberg (established in 1859) and Breslau-Carlowitz (1897) as well as the residences Neustadt (Upper Silesia) (1863) with the hospice on the Kapellenberg there (1869), St. Aegidien in Breslau (1889) and Neisse ( 1900). In St. Annaberg there was a novitiate from 1860 to 1863 and a college for aspiring religious from 1870. In the newly built convent in Breslau-Carlowitz, a philosophical-theological course was set up to train the next generation of priests, which was later moved to Glatz. Numerous members of the order province, who came from Silesia, also spoke the Polish language, so that the German bishops transferred the pastoral care of the Polish workers in the Ruhr area to the Saxon Franciscan province in 1893. The spacious monastery and church in Neisse were built in 1902–1905 by the lay brother Mansuetus Fromm as an architect; Some lay brothers received special training as furniture carvers and sculptors for the furnishings.

Separation from the Saxon province

On October 4, 1902, the five Franciscan monasteries of the Saxon Province in Silesia with 100 members (42 fathers, 16 clergy and 42 lay brothers) became an independent custody of St. Hedwig merged within the Saxonia , because among the Silesian brothers of Saxonia in the remote settlements the desire for greater independence from the mother province arose. It should include all brothers who were born in the dioceses of Breslau , Gnesen-Posen , Kulm and Olomouc . The first custodian was P. Alardus Wiertelarz, followed from 1905 by P. Christian Kosubek. As early as 1893 the Saxonia half-chapter had appointed a provincial commissioner with superior functions for these monasteries; the provincial chapter had decided on September 15, 1897 to set up a commissariat. Cardinal Georg von Kopp , Bishop of Wrocław , had concerns about the separation of the Silesian Franciscans from the mother province, while the leadership of the order in Rome, after a visitation in 1900, advocated independence.

The patronage is related to St. Hedwig von Andechs , Duchess of Silesia, who is buried in Trebnitz and is particularly venerated in Silesia.

On November 11, 1911, the custody of the order was raised to the status of an independent Silesian province by St. Hedwig . It comprised six convents, a residence and a hospice. In June 1912 it had 199 members, including 54 fathers, 44 clergy, 55 lay brothers, 11 novices, and 35 brother candidates. In the following decades she founded several branches.

After the division of Upper Silesia in 1922, a new Polish Order Province was established in Eastern Upper Silesia , to which some Silesia monasteries were assigned.

History from 1945

West shift

After the end of the Second World War , the provincial area largely belonged to Poland and developed into a Polish province. The Franciscans of Silesia were expelled from Annaberg by the National Socialists in 1941; the monastery was reoccupied by Polish brothers in 1946. The hospice on Kapellenberg near Neustadt was destroyed in heavy fighting in March / April 1945.

West of the Oder-Neisse border , only the convent founded in 1921 in Berlin-Pankow remained of the Silesia . Several brothers of Silesia joined one of the West German religious provinces. In order for the Silesian Province to continue to exist, Saxonia left the monastery in Halle to the Province in 1946, and in 1951 Silesia founded a branch in Görlitz-Weinhübel, and in 1957 one in Dresden-Klotzsche, where she had been active in pastoral care since 1945. In the Federal Republic of Germany , the monasteries in Hannover-Kleefeld and Ottbergen (Schellerten) , which had been given to Silesia in 1946 by the Thuringian Franciscan Province , were also in Hildesheim (until 1987) and Berlin-Tempelhof and two parish convents in Goslar-Grauhof (since 1946 ) and since 1960 Göttingen-Weende. After the Second World War, the seat of the Provincialate of Silesia was Hanover-Kleefeld, from 1967 the newly built monastery in Berlin-Tempelhof. Due to the isolation from its former provincial area and because of the regional overlap with the Saxonia , the offspring was increasingly lacking, so that the Silesian Province gradually had to give up locations again due to a lack of staff: School and boarding school in Ottbergen in 1971, the student hostel in Hildesheim, which had been in existence since 1953, in 1973 , Klotzsche and Goslar-Grauhof 1975, Göttingen-Weende 1982.

From 1960, the Silesian Province participated in the establishment of an interprovincial course of the German Franciscan provinces for the next generation of religious orders in Münster and Munich and in 1971 in the establishment of the Philosophical-Theological University of Münster .

Consequences of the division of Germany

From the German division was Silesia severely affected, as well as the Saxonia . Contact between the provincial administrations, which were based in Werl and Hanover, with their branches in the GDR was increasingly difficult and, since the Wall was built in 1961, almost impossible. On March 28, 1955, the Saxon and Silesian provinces established a joint novitiate in Dingelstädt . In 1973, the monasteries of Saxonia and Silesia , located on the territory of the GDR, were merged by the order leadership to form a federation, which became a vicarie in 1980 and a vice province within Saxonia in 1987 . Of the 50 Franciscans in the GDR, 19 belonged to Saxonia and 31 to Silesia in 1970 . The western part of the Silesian Province, located in the Federal Republic, was completely separated from the Province by the Order's leadership in Rome on a resolution of the Chapter of Silesia with effect from January 1, 1980 and converted to the "Silesian Custody of St. Hedwig", depending on of the Saxon Franciscan Province of the Holy Cross. The chapter of this custody decided in January 1983 the complete incorporation of the western monasteries into the Saxon province, which was carried out in 1986 with effect from January 1, 1987.

The Vice Province in the GDR with the houses in Berlin-Pankow, Dingelstädt, Halberstadt, Halle and Hülfensberg was incorporated into Saxonia on January 1, 1992 ; In 1989 the monastery in Görlitz-Weinhübel was taken over by Polish Franciscans from the Breslau Province. Since then, the Silesian Franciscan Province no longer existed.

Polish Franciscan Province of St. Hedwig

The Prowincja Świętej Jadwigi Zakonu Braci Mniejszych ("Province of the Order of the Friars Minor of St. Hedwig") in Silesia, based in Wroclaw, continued the patronage of the Silesian Province with St. Hedwig. Towards the end of the 20th century she took over several branches in Germany (after Görlitz-Weinhübel also Marienweiher) and in 2006 in Gößweinstein, she joined her brothers in Gößweinstein as the "Delegation of the Breslau Franciscan Province of St. Hedwig eV" Breslau Franciscan Province of St. Hedwig "Based in Marktleugast-Marienweiher. Today it has 26 branches in Arendal (Norway), Falconara Marittima and Osimo near Ancona (Italy), Görlitz (St. Johannes and St. Franziskus Weinhübel), Gößweinstein , Grafrath , Marienweiher , Borki Wielkie ( Olesno , Diocese of Opole), Duszniki-Zdrój , Gliwice / Gleiwitz , St. Annaberg, Breslau, Głubczyce (Leobschütz) , Kłodzko / Glatz and other places in Poland.

Provincial minister

1951–1961 P. Lucius Teichmann (provincial delegate, born January 21, 1905, † March 8, 1996)

...

1973– P. Petrus Kujawa (* March 20, 1935 in Berlin; † July 28, 2018 in Dortmund)

Known members

literature

  • The Silesian Franciscan Province of St. Hedwig 1902-1927. Antonius-Druck, Breslau-Carlowitz 1927 (52 pages).
  • Chrysogonus Reisch OFM: The Franciscans in today's Silesia from the beginning of the 17th century up to secularization. In: Journal of the Association for the History of Silesia No. 47, 1913, pp. 276–300.
  • Chrysogonus Reisch OFM: Document book of the custodians Goldberg and Breslau, Part I: 1240-1517. Düsseldorf 1917, p. 479.
  • Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. (History of the Saxon Franciscan Province from its founding to the beginning of the 21st century, vol. 3) Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn-Munich-Vienna-Zurich 2010, ISBN 978-3-506-76991-6 , p. 109f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 421.451.
  2. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 481.483.487.513.
  3. ↑ Jürgen Werinhard Einhorn: Education and training, science, school and pastoral care from the Kulturkampf to the present. In: Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. Paderborn 2010, pp. 633–786, here p. 680.
  4. ↑ Jürgen Werinhard Einhorn: Education and training, science, school and pastoral care from the Kulturkampf to the present. In: Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. Paderborn 2010, pp. 633–786, here pp. 657 and 656, note 1.
  5. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 527.535.
  6. ↑ Hans-Georg Aschoff: From the Kulturkampf to the First World War. In: Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. Paderborn 2010, pp. 23–287, here p. 109f.
  7. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 549.
  8. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 567.575.577.
  9. ^ Joachim Schmiedl: From the Second Vatican Council to the beginning of the 21st century. In: Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. Paderborn 2010, pp. 787-929, here pp. 855-858.
  10. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 575.577.585.593.601.609.
  11. ↑ Jürgen Werinhard Einhorn: Education and training, science, school and pastoral care from the Kulturkampf to the present. In: Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. Paderborn 2010, pp. 633–786, here pp. 700–703.
  12. ^ Gerhard Lindemann : From the November Revolution to the Second Vatican Council (1918–1962). In: Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. Paderborn 2010, pp. 289-631, here p. 612.616.
  13. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 611.617.621.623.631.
  14. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 631.
  15. ^ Joachim Schmiedl: From the Second Vatican Council to the beginning of the 21st century. In: Joachim Schmiedl (Ed.): From Kulturkampf to the beginning of the 21st century. Paderborn 2010, pp. 787-929, here p. 857.
  16. ↑ www.franciszkanie.com/klasztory ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.franciszkanie.com
  17. ↑ Helmut Moll : Witnesses for Christ. The German martyrology of the 20th century . Volume 1, Schöningh, Paderbiorn et al., A. 1999, p. 767ff.