Use of Esperanto
Most of the time Esperanto is used in a private setting within the Esperanto language community . Outside of this private setting, the planned language is only used sporadically, so some countries also offer radio programs or brochures in Esperanto.
Trivia
Local, national and international congresses , seminars , cultural events and festivals are offered for Esperanto speakers. In addition, Internet forums and chat rooms in Esperanto available.
An international hosting service called Pasporta Servo informs about Esperanto speakers who are willing to let other Esperanto speakers stay with them for a short time free of charge. For example, the correspondence service Koresponda Servo Mondskala and Edukado.net provide pen pals in Esperanto . However, communication via the Internet via e-mail, mailing lists or voice over IP is far more important than pen pals today .
Literature in Esperanto
In Esperanto-language literature, a distinction is made between translations and works originally written in Esperanto.
The first longer texts in Esperanto were translations of works of world literature , the first original novel appeared in 1907. A flowering of the original literature was only recorded after the First World War.
Authors who write in Esperanto today are, for example, the satirist Jorge Camacho from Spain , the Croatian Spomenka Štimec and the Swede Sten Johansson . The Englishwoman Marjorie Boulton is considered the grande dame of Esperanto literature .
Radio, film and internet
So far four feature films have been produced in Esperanto: Angoroj (1964), Inkubo (1965, with William Shatner ), Gerda Malaperis (2006) and La Patro (2007). Esperanto is also used in a few films, for example for countries that one did not want to identify as a certain nation.
There are regular radio broadcasts in Esperanto from Radio China International and Radio Vatican , among others .
On the Internet there were initially private pages with Esperanto content as well as offers from Esperanto associations (as early as June 1993, those of the Flemish Esperanto Association). Later sites and functions were added within large international projects, for example in the Open Directory Project . In the Esperanto Wikipedia is available on 200,000 products since August, 2014. The lernu.net language learning site of the E @ I group (since 2002) is an independent internet site . Libera Folio is a pure internet magazine (since 2003).
music
Musically, Esperanto music is no different from any other; What is meant is music with texts in Esperanto. Esperanto music groups publish CDs or appear at Esperanto meetings, a wide variety of styles being represented.
science and technology
More than 200 specialist dictionaries contain technical terms from around fifty scientific disciplines. The International Academy of Sciences (IAS), founded with significant participation by Esperantists, uses Esperanto as one of five main languages.
Promotion and use outside the language community
Esperanto was only used sporadically by states as a means of communication in the 20th century , and rarely in the 21st century. Mostly it was tourist information or country descriptions. In Germany, for example, the press and information office's standard book was available as Faktoj pri Germanujo , and the Federal Ministry for All-German Issues provided information about the division of Germany or the eastern territories. On the occasion of the World Congress in Mainz (1958), the Deutsche Bundesbahn published information material in Esperanto.
Some communist states have also published political writings in Esperanto; so z. B. China Works Mao and the Soviet Union speeches by Gorbachev . There are Esperanto versions of government websites in China and Cuba. During the Nazi era, some German Esperantists translated speeches or articles by Hitler, and Hungarians published a work by Mussolini in Esperanto.
The political spectrum of the states and movements that advertised Esperanto is very broad and ranges from Flemish nationalists and militaristic Japan to Czech Sokol and Finnish neutralism to Count Coudenhove-Kalergi's pan-Europeans and pacifists of all stripes.
Esperanto is a curiosity . The Aggressor Language , a 1962 American Army manual. During a maneuver against the fictional enemy Aggressor , this enemy was also given a language. Since the aggressor was expressly supposed to be a neutral country, Esperanto was chosen.
Labor movement
Esperanto was also used at times in parts of the international labor movement . The Naturfreunde directory was published until 2003 in German, English, French and Esperanto. In addition, the now disbanded “Fachgruppe Esperanto” of the German friends of nature published the magazine “La Migranto” (The Wanderer) until 2005. Since 2012 the "Esperanta Naturamikaro" is a member association of the Friends of Nature International .
religion
The founder of the language, Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof, was a Jew and, with Homaranismo, developed common principles of some religions on the basis of tolerance.
The Japanese Ōmoto-kyō sect adopted Esperanto as their international language in 1923 and calls Esperanto the language of heaven .
Among the Esperanto speakers there are adherents of many different religions as well as atheists and agnostics .
Esperanto as a stylistic device
At times Esperanto was used in art. In Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator , the shop signs in the Jewish ghetto are in Esperanto, and in Idiot's Delight with Clark Gable , Esperanto is spoken in an unnamed European dictatorship - they didn't want to portray a specific country and therefore turned to the artificial language. Street Fighter (1994) and Blade: Trinity (2004) were similar .
The art house horror film Inkubo by US director Leslie Stevens, published in 1965 and starring the then unknown William Shatner, is still considered one of the strangest productions in film history, not least because the entire dialogue was written in Esperanto. Otherwise the film only exists with subtitles.
In science fiction literature, Esperanto was occasionally used as the main language of a distant future, for example in the River World Cycle by Philip José Farmer . Esperanto also plays the role of an intergalactic lingua franca in the steel rat cycle by SF author Harry Harrison . Sometimes places and people are named with Esperanto words.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Koresponda Servo Moon Scale ( Memento from December 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Edukado.net
- ↑ Amikaro de Esperanto en Radio
- ↑ Helmut Arntz: Faktoj pri Germanujo. Esperanto-eldono eldonita de la Gazetara kaj Informa Oficejo de la Federacia Registaro , o. O. (place of printing Limburg) 1958, 1960, 1966. Peter Aurich (ed.): Germanaj orientaj teritorioj: Eŭropa problemo , Leer: Rautenberg, 1960. Federal Ministry for all-German questions (ed.): In the middle of Germany - in the middle of the 20th century. The zone border , 4th edition, Bonn 1959. Bundesbahn information material in the archive of the UEA, congress material 1958.
- ↑ Marcus Sikosek: The neutral language. A political history of the Esperanto World Federation , Bydgoszcz: Skonpres, 2006, p. 14 (with references), 215.
- ^ Copy in the Hector Hodler library .
- ↑ "Oomoto adopted Esperanto as its universal language in 1923. Many followers study it, and Oomoto promotes Esperanto through conferences, publications, and workshops." Oomoto.or.jp website, accessed February 10, 2017
- ↑ See e.g. B. the excerpt from The Great Dictator (HD trailer) .
See also
literature
- A. Bednarik (Ed.): Apliko de Esperanto en scienco kaj tehxniko , Zilina 1981
- Zdenek Pluhar (ed.): Fakaj aplikoj de Esperanto , Dobrichovice: KAVA-PECH, 2001
- Humphrey Tonkin: One hundred years of Esperanto: A survey. In: Language Problems and Language Planning 11 (1987), pp. 264-282