Aphyllorchis
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Aphyllorchis queenslandica |
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The genus Aphyllorchis from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae) consists of 22 species . These plants do not photosynthesize , but live mycoheterotrophically . They occur in tropical Asia.
description
The Aphyllorchis species grow sympodially . The light brown shoots arise from a short, rather thin rhizome with fleshy, unbranched roots . They are covered with lower leaves , which encompass the stem and end in a racemose inflorescence . The bracts are small and splayed downwards. The resupinated flowers have a short stalk , clearly separated from the ovary , the ovary itself is long and ribbed lengthways. The flower color is white to yellowish. The petals are not fused together, except for the lip , the petals are shaped like each other. The lip is divided into two parts: the lower part (hypochil) is bowl-shaped, with some species clearly narrowed at the base, often with two lateral appendages. The front part (epichil) is usually three-lobed. The lip does not have a callus. The column is long, narrow and curved, at the end it has two staminodes and the fertile stamen . The two pollinia are divided in two lengthways and have a floury consistency. As far as is known, the pollen is available as tetrads, the pollen grains have no visible aperture. The pollinia are not stalked, the adhesive surface (Viscidium) is large and viscous. The scar is three-lobed. The capsule fruits hang down when ripe.
distribution
The species of the genus Aphyllorchis are common in tropical Asia. In the west the area extends along the southern Himalayan slope, through India to Sri Lanka. To the east, southern China and the Ryūkyū Islands are populated, in the south-east, rear India , the Philippines, New Guinea and north-east Australia. They occur from sea level up to 3900 meters above sea level.
The plants grow in humus-rich soils in the shade of moist forests. They are found in the lowland rainforests, which are dominated by wing fruit plants , in higher altitudes associated with oaks or Castanopsis , on the edge of the Himalayas in Tsuga - rhododendron forests.
Systematics and botanical history
The genus Aphyllorchis is counted to the tribe Neottieae . Related genera are Cephalanthera , Epipactis , Limodorum , Neottia , Palmorchis and Thaia .
The genus was described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1825 . The type species is Aphyllorchis pallida. The name means something like "leafless orchid". 22 valid species are now known:
- Aphyllorchis acuminata J.J.Sm. : Buru Moluccan Island .
- Aphyllorchis alpina King & Pantl. : Nepal to southeastern Tibet.
- Aphyllorchis angustipetala J.J.Sm. : Buru.
- Aphyllorchis anomala Dockrill : Northern Queensland.
- Aphyllorchis arfakensis J.J.Sm. : Western New Guinea and Yapen .
- Aphyllorchis caudata Rolfe ex Downie (Syn .: Aphyllorchis annamensis Aver. ): Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan and southern Yunnan.
- Aphyllorchis elata Schltr. : Papua New Guinea.
- Aphyllorchis evrardii Gagnep. : Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
- Aphyllorchis exilis Schltr. : Papua New Guinea.
- Aphyllorchis gollanii Duthie : Himalaya to southern Tibet.
- Aphyllorchis halconensis Ames : Mindoro Island inthe Philippines.
- Aphyllorchis kemulensis J.J.Sm. : Borneo.
- Aphyllorchis montana Rchb.f. : Tropical and Sub-Tropical Asia.
- Aphyllorchis pallida Blume (Syn .: Aphyllorchis gracilis Schltr. , Aphyllorchis torricellensis Schltr. ): Southern Indochina to New Guinea.
- Aphyllorchis queenslandica Dockrill : Northern Queensland.
- Aphyllorchis siantanensis J.J.Sm. : Borneo.
- Aphyllorchis simplex Tang & FTWang : Eastern Guangdong and Northern Vietnam.
- Aphyllorchis spiculaea Rchb.f. : Borneo.
- Aphyllorchis striata (Ridl.) Ridl. : Borneo and Malay Peninsula.
- Aphyllorchis sumatrana J.J.Sm. : Western Sumatra.
literature
Most of the information in this article comes from:
- Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 50-51 .
- DL Jones, T. Hopley, SM Duffy, KJ Richards, MA Clements, X. Zhang (2006): Australian Orchid Genera .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (Part one) . 2nd Edition. tape 4/1 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-850712-7 , pp. 496 .
- Chen Xinqi, Zhu Guanghua, Ji Zhanhe, Lang Kaiyong, Luo Yibo, Phillip Cribb: Orchidaceae (draft) . In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis ( eFloras.org ( August 12, 2007 memento on the Internet Archive ) [accessed August 6, 2008] 1994+).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Aphyllorchis - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families des Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on July 6, 2018.
