Dinaric Columbine

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Dinaric Columbine
At the game site in the sub-Adriatic Orjen, 1710 m

At the game site in the sub-Adriatic Orjen, 1710 m

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Isopyroideae
Tribe : Isopyreae
Genre : Columbines ( Aquilegia )
Type : Dinaric Columbine
Scientific name
Aquilegia dinarica
Beck

The Dinaric Columbine ( Aquilegia dinarica , in its home countries Dinarska kandilka ) is a species of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).

Compared to other Aquilegia species

Among the European species, Aquilegia dinarica belongs to the so-called alpine Aquilegia species, which, compared to the forms adapted to forest habitats, have developed through certain morphological features in open high mountain locations and, in the case of the Dinaric Columbine, to inhabitants of rock habitats of the ancient Mediterranean level . The compact growth ( cushion plant ), dense hairs on the stems and leaves, the upright and non-nodding flowers in contrast to the forest squares, as well as an elongated leaf blade, which promotes self-pollination by enclosing the stamens , are striking features of the location choice. Thanks to its two-tone blue flowers with a white leaf blade, laypeople can easily distinguish it from the predominantly purple forest species. It is closely related to the Kitaibel Columbine and Aquilegia ottonis . In the central southeastern Dinaric area, the Dinaric Columbine in the Prokletije area is replaced by Aquilegia blecicii . This becomes much larger and has two-colored, but purple flowers. However, it is not clear whether it is a real species.

description

Original drawing by Beck from 1891 with the characteristics of the Dinaric Columbine
At the natural site in the sub-Adriatic, the Dinaric Columbine their typical choice of habitat in ancient Mediterranean rocks. In addition to the reduction in vegetative characteristics, among other things, the stem leaves are only simply lanceolate, the lengthening of the laminae, which promotes self-pollination, is characteristic.
The Dinaric Columbine is characterized by its upright blue flowers
The leaves, arranged in a basal rosette, are deeply incised

The Dinaric Columbine is a perennial , herbaceous plant and reaches heights of about 25 centimeters. It has a richly branched root system and a durable taproot . The upright stem is hairy densely glandular. The leaves , arranged in a loose, basal rosette, are deeply incised in three parts and have glandular hairs on both sides.

The flowering period extends from July to August. On a long inflorescence stem stands a single, racemose inflorescence that contains three to five, occasionally more, upright, rarely nodding flowers. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry , spurred flower has a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters. The sepals are vivid blue. The five petal-like bracts are whitish and 1.8 to 3.5 inches long. The nectar leaves are up to 2 to 3.5 inches long. The 1.3 to 1.5 centimeter long spur is hooked, thickened like a head at the end and darkly colored and significantly longer than the bracts of the nectaries. The numerous stamens are as long as the bracts of the nectaries.

The five to ten glandular hairy follicles contain a multitude of dark, shiny seeds.

Occurrence

The Dinaric Columbine thrives in the coastal Dinarides in the alpine altitude . This rare, endemic species is only found in Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro, and northern Albania . Beck originally found the Dinaric Columbine on the Prenj . Later other sites were described on the Čvrsnica , Orjen , Troglav , as well as on the Maglić and in the Prokletije . It thus has an incoherent distribution area that extends inland into the high mountains of the southeastern Dinarides. Its north-westerly location is given on the Troglav above the Livanjsko polje , and the most south- easterly on the Perun in the northern Albanian Alps. It is a protected wild plant in its home countries.

The Dinaric Columbine is a rock inhabitant of the subalpine and alpine zone at altitudes between 1200 and 2100 meters. In particular, it is found in societies of the limestone plant association Micromerion croaticae Horvat . In addition to limestone cliffs, it settles in snow valleys and on the edge of snow pits in the Krummholz and Alpine regions. Furthermore, it is widespread in limestone debris dumps of the Dryopteridetum villarii association (character type Rigid worm fern - Dryopteris vilarii ).

In Orjen, locations near the main summit have been investigated more closely. Numerous accompanying relict species with more xeromorphic features are striking. Among them are many so-called Illyrian or Balkan endemics: Potentilla speciosa , Avena compacta , Hieracium waldsteinii , Edraianthus graminifolius , Arenaria gracilis , Rock Moltkie ( Moltkia petraea ) Gnaphalium roeseri , Sesleria tenuifolia , Thymus striatus , Carex laevis , Silene saxifraga and Edraianthus serpyllifolius . As in the other limestone mountains of the Southeast Dinarides, the snake skin pine is a characteristic species among the tree species .

Taxonomy

Synonyms are: Aquilegia amaliae var. Dinarica (Beck) Hayek and Aquilegia vulgaris subs. typica var. dinarica (Hayek) Brühl

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ M. Skalinska: Studies in the origin of some European species of Aquilegia. , In: Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, Series Botanica , 7, 1964, pp. 1-23.
  2. ↑ Marjan Niketić, Pavle Cikovac, Vladimir Stevanović 2013: Taxonomic and nomenclature notes on Balkan columbines ( Aquilegia L., Ranunculaceae). In: Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Belgrade, 6: 33–42. PDF
  3. ↑ a b c B. Stevanović & V. Stevanović, 1984: Morfo-anatomske karakteristike nekih značajnih hazmofita subalpijske vegetacije stena na planini Orjen u Crnoj Gori. [Morpho-anatomical characteristics of some important plant species from chasmophytic vegetation of mountain Orjen in Montenegro.], Glasn. Inst. Bot. Bot. Baste Univ. Beogradu, 18, pp. 59-76. (PDF)
  4. ^ W. Greuter, HM Burdet, G. Long (ed.), 1989: Med-Checklist , 4, Geneva & Berlin.
  5. ↑ Podobnik, A. 1986. A new species of genus Aquilegia L. from the Balkan peninsula. Biosistematics, 12 (1), 15-21.
  6. ^ A b Paul Ascherson & Paul Graebner Synopsis of the Central European Flora , Volume 5/2, Ranales (Ranunculaceae, continued). Borntraeger, Leipzig, 1929, p. 647.
  7. ↑ a b c Analitička Flora Jugoslavije , Volume 2, Zagreb, 1973, p. 363.
  8. ↑ Č. Šilić: Endemic biljke . - 3rd izd. - Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1990, p. 33.
  9. ↑ Aquilegia dinarica Bostjan Surina, online database of the Rijeka Natural History Museum.
  10. ↑ August Hayek 1927: Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Balkanicae . Dahlem - Berlin, p. 303
  11. ^ P. Brühl, 1893: De Ranunculaceis Indicis Disputationes. In: Journal of the Asiatic Socity of Bengal. Pt. 2, Natural History, 61, 2, p. 289

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