Punkaharju arboretum
The Arboretum Punkaharju is located approx. 7 km north of Punkaharju on State Road 14 towards Savonlinna in Finland . It provides information about forest usable and indigenous tree species in Finland.
The vast forests and the scenic beauty here at Punkaharju (Os) prompted the then sovereign, the Russian Tsar Alexander I , to develop forestry and tourism here in the 18th century .
Clear, online maps provide information on the location of the arboretum, thematic circular routes, historical buildings and the Finnish museum and science center for forest culture LUSTO in its vicinity.
Arboretum
The forerunners of the arboretum date back to the middle of the 19th century. In 1877 the first experimental plots with exotic species were planted. The Metla Forest Research Institute, founded in 1917, continued the work. Since METLA was incorporated into the Luonnonvarakeskus (Luke) facility, which was founded in 2007 , the Luke department in Punkaharju has continued its research.
On an area of 150 hectares in the Punkaharju Research Park, experiments were carried out with more than 50 tree species, mainly conifers. In addition to the large-scale experimental plantings, the arboretum was built between 1929 and 1938. All of the exotic tree species that grow in the research park have been planted on small plots. There are also plots with some other species that cannot be found anywhere else in the region. A total of 72 tree species were originally planted. Today there are 46 left, 39 coniferous and 7 deciduous tree species.
Areas for one species each were created in the park. These areas were divided into plots, each with one species growing on them. This makes it easier to compare different species within the same genus. For conifers, there are areas for firs (abies), picus, pines, larches and thuyas. Genera of conifers, which are represented by only one or a few species in the park, have been planted close together. There are also some types of deciduous trees in the park. Display boards provide information on the most important exotic species in the area.
The arboretum has been heavily revised and developed since the 1990s. The aim is to plant all of the conifers that thrive here in the arboretum, as well as all of the native deciduous trees and shrubs. Since 1991, more than 100 new areas have been planted with seedlings, including 16 new conifers and 33 new deciduous trees. The latter include 15 bushy species. Special forms of 26 native tree species were also planted (10 spruce, 4 pine, 7 birch and 5 alder). The rest of the new plantings consist of species that were already represented in the arboretum. There are currently around 134 different species or special forms in the arboretum.
Tree species in the arboretum
The following list is a translation of a list of tree species from an information sheet as of 2009. The parcel numbers refer to the numbers in the plan on this sheet.
| plot | Botanical name | German name |
|---|---|---|
| Larix | Larches | |
| 8th | Larix sibirica | Siberian larch |
| 9 | Larix gmelinii | Dahurian larch |
| 10 | Larix gmelinii var. Olgensis | Dahurian larch |
| 11 | Larix gmelinii var. Japonica | Dahurian larch varieties |
| 21st | Larix Kaempferi | Japanese larch |
| 27 | Larix decidua | European larch |
| 28 | Larix decidua | European larch |
| 30th | Larix decidua | European larch |
| 31 | Larix decidua | European larch |
| 45 | Larix sibirica | Siberian larch |
| 46 | Larix occidentalis | West American larch |
| 48 | Larix gmelinii var. Japonica | Kuril larch |
| 56 | Larix Kaempferi | Japanese larch |
| 130 | Larix sibirica x decidua | Cross between Siberian and European larch |
| 131 | Larix decidua x sibirica | Cross between European and Siberian larch |
| 132 | Larix decidua x sibirica | Cross between European and Siberian larch |
| 133 | Larix laricina | East American larch |
| 134 | Larix decidua | European larch |
| 135 | Larix sibirica | Siberian larch |
| 136 | Larix sibirica | Siberian larch |
| 137 | Larix gmelinii var. Olgensis | Dahurian larch var. |
| 155 | Larix spp. | Larch transplant (?) |
| Pinus | Pine trees | |
| 1 | Pinus contorta var. Latifolia | Coastal pine var. |
| 2 | Pinus contorat var. Latifolia | Coastal pine var. |
| 3 | Pinus mugo | Mountain pine |
| 5 | Pinus cembra subsp. sibirica | Siberian stone pine (see note on systematics there ) |
| 6th | Pinus cembra | Swiss stone pine |
| 13 | Pinus peuce | Rumelian pine |
| 51 | Pinus banksiana | Banks pine |
| 53 | Pinus peuce | Rumelian pine |
| 121 | Pinus mugo | Mountain pine |
| 122 | Pinus sylvestris formae | Scots pine (?) |
| 125 | Pinus peuce | Rumelian pine |
| 126 | Pinus strobus | White pine |
| 127 | Pinus banksiana | Banks pine |
| 128 | Pinus cembra | Swiss stone pine |
| 129 | Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata | Mountain pine species (Spirke, hooked pine, upright mountain pine) |
| 147 | Pinus pumila | Dwarf pine |
| 148 | Pinus cembra subsp. sibirica | Siberian stone pine |
| 150 | Pinus contorta var. Latifolia | Coastal pine (?) |
| 152 | Pinus resinosa | American red pine |
| 153 | Pinus mugo subsp. uncinata | Mountain pine species (Spirke, hooked pine, upright mountain pine) |
| 157 | Pinus sylvestris | Scots pine |
| 166 | Pinus ponderosa | Yellow pine |
| 167 | Pinus sylvestris formae | Scots pine (?) |
| Deciduous trees | ||
| 25th | Juglans mandshurica | An East Asian walnut plant |
| 101 | Betula pendula var. Carelica | Karelian silver birch (?) |
| 102 | Betula spp. | different types of birch |
| 103 | Alnus spp. | different Erlearten |
| 104 | Salix spp. | different types of pasture |
| 105 | Different deciduous trees | |
| 106 | Different deciduous trees | |
| 107 | Acer spp. | Different types of maple |
| 108 | Ulmus spp. | Different species of elm |
| 109 | Tilia cordata | Winter linden |
| 110 | Sorbus spp. | various Sorbus TYPES |
| 139 | Populus spp. | Different types of poplar |
| 161 | Different deciduous trees | |
| 162 | Different deciduous trees | |
| 163 | Different deciduous trees | |
| 164 | Different deciduous trees | |
| Picea | Spruce trees | |
| 7th | Picea abies | Norway spruce |
| 29 | Picea jezoënsis | Ayan spruce |
| 35 | Picea glauca | White spruce |
| 36 | Picea mariana | Black spruce |
| 37 | Picea abies | Norway spruce |
| 40 | Picea mariana | Black spruce |
| 58 | Picea omorika | Serbian spruce |
| 60 | Picea pungens | Thick spruce |
| 76 | Picea jezoënsis | Ayan spruce |
| 80 | Picea koraiensis | Korean spruce (?) |
| 82 | Picea abies | Norway spruce |
| 113 | Picea rubens | American red spruce |
| 114 | Picea engelmannii | Engelmann spruce |
| 120 | Picea abies, formae | different species of spruce |
| 123 | Picea jezoënsis | Ayan spruce |
| 138 | Picea glauca | White spruce |
| 140 | Picea mariana | Black spruce |
| 141 | Picea pungens | Thick spruce |
| 146 | Picea spp. | different species of spruce |
| 154 | Picea sitchensis | Sitka spruce |
| 158 | Picea abies | Norway spruce |
| Abies | Fir trees | |
| 14th | Abies sibirica | Siberian fir |
| 15th | Abies lasiocarpa | Rock Mountain Fir |
| 62 | Abies sachalinensis | Sakhalin fir |
| 64 | Abies balsamea | Balsam fir |
| 65 | Abies spp. | different types of fir |
| 68 | Abies nordmanniana | Nordmann fir |
| 71 | Abies veitchii | Veitch's fir tree |
| 81 | Abies lasiocarpa | Rock Mountain Fir |
| 111 | Abies koreana | Korea fir |
| 112 | Abies nephrolepis | East Siberian fir |
| 115 | Abies fraseri | Fraser fir |
| 119 | Abies spp. | different types of fir |
| 144 | Abies concolor | Colorado Fir |
| 159 | Abies alba | Silver fir |
| 160 | Abies amabilis | Purple fir |
| 165 | Abies sibirica | Siberian fir |
| Other conifers | ||
| 22nd | Taxus cuspidata | Japanese yew |
| 33 | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir |
| 34 | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir |
| 59 | Tsuga heterophylla | Western hemlock |
| 124 | Tsuga mertensiana | Mountain hemlock |
| 142 | Juniperus communis | Common juniper |
| 143 | Juniperus communis | Common juniper |
| 145 | Tsuga heterophylla | Western hemlock |
| 149 | Chamaecyparis pisifera | Sawara cypress |
| 151 | Tsuga canadensis | Canadian hemlock |
| 156 | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir |
| Thuja | Tree of life | |
| 19th | Thuja occidentalis | Occidental tree of life |
| 32 | Thuja plicata | Giant tree of life |
| 66 | Thuja koraiensis & occidentalis | Korean & Occidental Tree of Life |
| 116 | Thuja plicata | Giant tree of life |
| 117 | Thuja occidentalis | Occidental tree of life |
| 118 | Thuja ... / Betula pendula var carelica | different species of arborvitae and birch |
Circular routes in the area
The arboretum, the experimental plantings and the forest research facility are located in the middle of the landscape of Punkaharju (Os) , which was shaped in a characteristic way by the last Ice Age, reshaped by the economic people and opened up for tourism early on. Numerous sights were created.
Montell circular route
The 3.2 km long circular route (red route on the map) leads past the oldest plantation, Montell's larch forest. It can also be accessed by car. Many different forms of forest management used in Finland and both native and exotic tree species can be seen.
Tree species circular route
The tree species circular route (green path on the overview map) offers the opportunity to get to know the properties and survival of over 30 conifer species in the Punkaharju area. The path is 3 km long and the trees along the path are planted in plots with one species each. The path is marked with green markings.
Nature trail
The hike through the nature trail (yellow path on the map) offers the opportunity to get to know the indigenous forests of Punkaharju. There are also some old forests planted with exotic tree species such as larches. The path is 3 km long and marked with yellow markings on trees and signposts.
Cultural circuit
The Punkaharju cultural circular route (blue route on the map) offers the opportunity to get to know many historical and cultural sights in the Harju area . The path is 3.5 km long and signposted with white markings on trees and signposts.
The path begins at the information board at the parking lot of the Finnish Museum and Science Center for Forest Culture LUSTO and leads past many of the sights described below: the old train station, Hottelli Finlandia, over the "kiss bridge", over a short stretch of the Os, to Valtionhotelli the buildings of the forest research station and back to the starting point.
Harju way
Several smaller, interlinked paths (broken green line in the overview plan), a total of almost 10 km, cross the landscape here. From Valtionhotelli to the south it goes through an impressive Finnish pine forest, over parts of the Os Punkaharju to a bathing bay, to restored trenches from the winter war , along bays, ponds and views over a fringing lake of Lake Puruvesi , over islands, past Krunupuisto .
Cross-country skiing trail
The cross-country ski run created in 2007 (broken blue line in the general plan) leads around the research park. The 7.5 km long trail can also be used as hiking trails when there is no snow. The route offers a good picture of the research park forests. The trail was funded by EU funds for rural development (EAGGF).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Description of the arboretum (English website)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Overview plan of the location and surroundings of the arboretum with a list of tree species ( Memento of the original from February 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file)
- ↑ Map of the Punkaharju nature reserve (PDF file, Finnish, English, Russian)
- ↑ a b Finnish Forest Museum Lusto website
- ↑ History of the Arboretum ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English website)
- ↑ web presence of the Forest Research Institute METLA , under the umbrella of now Luke is
- ↑ Luonnonvarakeskus (Luke) , Natural Resources Institute Finland (website)
- ↑ Luke Research Center in Punkaharju (website)
- ↑ English leaflet on the nature trail ( memento of the original from November 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file)
- ↑ English leaflet on the cultural circular route ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file)
Coordinates: 61 ° 48 ′ 18 ″ N , 29 ° 18 ′ 51 ″ E