Arkadia (garden)
Arkadia is an English-style landscape park in Poland, between Łowicz and Nieborów . The plant covers an area of about fifteen hectares . The park has been open to the public since 1945 and is now managed by the Warsaw National Museum .
history
The garden was laid out between 1778 and 1785 as the summer residence of the Radziwiłł family . The founder of the garden was Helena Radziwiłł (1753–1821), planning and execution was done by Szymon Bogumił Zug , with Wojciech Jaszczołd and Henryk Ittar involved . A romantic landscape garden was created, which resembled the Girardin park in Ermenonville . The concept was based on a landscape design that was based on an idealized nature with the idea of the Et in Arcadia ego . Zug found models for the garden decorations in the paintings of Charles-Louis Clérisseau . Regardless of the historical connection to Ermenonville , Helena Radziwiłł was guided by the garden of Izabela Czartoryska in Powązki (near Warsaw, destroyed): Apparently, the two princesses competed with each other in the design.
shape
The park is divided into three areas: an artificial lake, the English-style landscape surrounding the water and a free, undesigned section. There are two islands in the lake, which is fed by the Łupia River. The park in the narrower sense consists of a plantation, which is characterized by loose forest, which alternates with open meadow areas. In the south-eastern part there is a “wilderness” to be understood as “ Elysian Fields ” in the form of an open meadow area.
The path system, consisting of irregularly guided footpaths and paths, leads the visitor to the central structure, a temple whose forecourt offers a view of the lake. There is a tour around the lake; furthermore, a stretch along the river originally led to the Rousseau Island lying in a bend (Knox 1972). A seven kilometer long avenue of lime trees connects Arkadia with the park of the Nieborów Castle .
Buildings
One of the most important parts of the park is the Temple of Diana ( Świątynia Diany ) , built by Zug in the classical style in 1783 . The temple with its four-pillar vestibule is composed of various architectural elements from Greek temples; the back is designed as a semicircular colonnade . A ceiling fresco by Jan Piotr Norblin inside shows the motif Jutrzenka otwierająca świtu podwoje (“Aurora leads the horses of Apollo”, created around 1785). The inscription above the triangular gable of the obverse from a sonnet by Petrarch reads: Dove pace trovai d'ogni mia guerra (“Where I found peace after each of my fights”). In front of the temple, a staircase flanked by the figures of a sphinx and a lion leads to the lake.
Another building is the Temple of the High Priest ( Przybytek Arcykapłana ) , which was also designed by Zug and the construction of which began before 1783 and was completed after 1821. Parts of the demolished burial chapel of Jakub Uchański , created by Jan Michałowicz from Urzędów , were included in the building 16th century primate from Łowicz , inserted.
The Gothic House ( Domek Gotycki ) is also located there . It was built between 1791 and 1792, the drawing on which it is based is by Aleksander Orłowski . In the immediate vicinity is the Grotto of the Sibyl ( Grota Sybilli ) , the entrance of which consists of large boulders . The Roman aqueduct ( Akwedukt ) at the inflow to the lake was designed as an artificial ruin by Zug (1784, reconstructed 1952).
Other garden features include the stone arch ( Łuk Kamienny ), also known as the Greek arch ( Łuk Grecki ) , not far from the Temple of Diana , and the neighboring margrave house ( Dom Murgrabiego ) , both built by Zug between 1795 and 1798. There is also an obelisk and a number of still images. An amphitheater and a circus ( Cyrk rzymski ) in the style of a hippodrome , both by Henryk Ittar , no longer exist. There was a cenotaph from 1790 on Rousseau Island .
literature
- Gerard Ciołek : Gardens in Poland ( Ogrody polskie ). Budowictwo i architektura , Warsaw 1954, pp. 146–153 (with figs. 216–224).
- Knox, Brian: The arrival of the English landscape garden in Poland and Bohemia. In: Dumberton Oaks Colloquium on the history of landscape architecture , Vol. 2, [1972], pp. 99-116; here: pp. 108-109 and Panel IV – V (Figs. 8, 9, 11).
- Krzysztof Jabłoński, Włodzimierz Piwkowski: Nieborów, Arkadia . MUZA SA Sport i Turystyka , Warsaw 1996, ISBN 83-7079-598-6 .
- Anna Bentkowska: Arkadia. In: Jane Turner (Ed.): Dictionary of art. Volume 2, Macmillan , London 1996, ISBN 1-884446-00-0 , pp. 414-415.
- Patrick Goode , Longin Majdecki : Arkadia . In: The Oxford companion to gardens . Oxford, New York 2001, ISBN 0-19-860440-8 , pp. 21-22.
Movie
- This side of Eden. Eastern Europe's garden dreams in the 18th and 19th centuries - Arkadia Garden and Niebórow Castle, Poland. Documentary, Germany, 2015, 52 min., Book: Inga Wolfram and Helge Trimpert , director: Inga Wolfram, moderation: Wladimir Kaminer , production: telekult, MDR , arte , series: This Side of Eden , first broadcast: June 7, 2015 on arte ,
Web links
- Museum of Nieborow and Arkadia - official information (German)
- Summary of the arte film .
Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 53 ″ N , 20 ° 0 ′ 28 ″ E