Atriplex sibirica
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Atriplex sibirica is a species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family(Amaranthaceae). Its natural range is in Central Asia and it also occurs occasionally in Germany, for example.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Atriplex sibirica is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 50 cm. Its stem is strongly branched from the base over the entire length with prostrate or sloping branches ( steppe roller ). The branches are bluntly square in cross-section, their surface is unstriped and floured.
The (gray) green on top, densely covered with bladder hairs on the underside and therefore gray-white leaves have a 3 to 6 mm long petiole. (In the case of plants in the mountains, dark-colored blister hairs also occur). Their leaf blades are 3 to 5 cm long and 1.5 to 3 cm wide, rhombic or rhombic-triangular to ovoid-triangular, rounded at the base or broadly wedge-shaped. The leaf margin is whole or slightly dentate with a larger basal pair of teeth.
Inflorescence and flower
Atriplex sibirica is single sexed ( monoecious ). The flowers are in ball-shaped partial inflorescences of male and female flowers in the axilla of bracts , with female flowers also in the lower part of the inflorescence. The male flowers contain five ovate or broadly ovate bracts ( tepals ) and five stamens with flattened stamens connected at the bottom and broadly ovate to somewhat elongated anthers. Female flowers that only the ovary included are enveloped by two wedge-shaped continue reading .
The flowering time in Russia extends from July to September, for China a flowering time from June to July is given.
Fruit and seeds
The vertical fruit is enveloped by the pre-leaves, which grow together over 2/3 to 3/4 of their length at the fruiting time and harden almost to the top. The seated or up to 3 mm long stalked before leaves are wedge-shaped or obovate with a serrated edge with a length of 3 to 8 mm and a width of about 4 mm. They have numerous wart-like or bumpy appendages on their backs. With the help of these appendages, the diaspores can hook onto the fur of animals and thus be spread over great distances ( epizoochory ).
The membranous whitish pericarp surrounds the seed. There are two types of seeds ( heterocarpy ): About 90% of all seeds are red, convex to flat, with a diameter of 1 to 2.3 mm. Some seeds are light brown, concave, 2 to 2.5 mm in diameter.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Photosynthetic pathway
Atriplex sibirica is a C 4 plant with a coronal anatomy .
Occurrence
The natural range of Atriplex sibirica is in Central Asia and includes Russia (especially Siberia ), Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Uzbekistan , the northwestern People's Republic of China and Mongolia . Presumably the species originated in the lower and middle mountain zones of the eastern Tian Shan , Pamir and Altai .
In Europe , this species is found in Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania , Belarus and central and eastern European Russia. Occasionally it occurs in Germany as an adventitious plant .
It has also appeared as an introduced species in North America ( Massachusetts ).
Atriplex sibirica has a broad ecological amplitude : It grows in weakly salty steppes and semi-deserts , on firm sand dunes, on valley slopes or on the banks of waters, on sandy, loamy or stony soils. Sometimes it also occurs as a ruderal plant .
Systematics
Atriplex sibirica belongs to the C 4 atriplex clade within the genus Atriplex .
The first publication of Atriplex sibirica was made in 1763 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Editio 2, p 1,493th
Synonyms for Atriplex sibirica L. are Atriplex lucida Moench , Obione muricata Gaertn. and Obione sibirica (L.) fish.
literature
- Alexander P. Suchorukow: On the systematics and chorology of the Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae) occurring in Russia and the neighboring states (within the borders of the former USSR) . In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna , Series B, 108, 2007, pp. 322 and 391–393. (PDF file; 32.9 MB) (sections description, occurrence, systematics)
- Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodiaceae : Atriplex sibirica , p. 363 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae. , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X . (Sections Description, Occurrence, Common Name)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Atriplex sibirica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Atriplex sibirica , 2011. Entry at Euro + Med Plantbase .
- ↑ Entry at PLANTS
- ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 97 (10), 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
- ↑ First publication scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library