Notes of a Dead

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Mikhail Bulgakov around 1935

Notes of a dead , even theater Roman ( Russian Записки покойника (Театральный роман) , Zapiski pokoinika (Teatralny roman) ), a novel is Soviet writer Mikhail Bulgakov , who - 1929 written and restated 1936/1937 - 1965 in the August issue of the Moscow monthly magazine Nowy Appeared to me posthumously. The publishing house people and world brought the fragment 1969 in Berlin in Vol. 13 of the series range on the German book market.

content

1

The first-person narrator Sergej Leontjewitsch Maksudow, son of a Russian lieutenant governor, attended a religious school and is the author who jumped to his death from the Kiev Chain Bridge last spring . Maksudov had given his sloppy notes to the editor while he was still alive. The latter only intervened a little on the text before publication.

Moscow around 1923 to 1926: When the director Iltschin from the Independent Theater became interested in Maksudov's novel Black Snow , the aspiring author recklessly quit his job as an editor for the magazine Dampfschifffahrt . After a reading in front of colleagues, the writers attest that he speaks poor language. But the story presented is exciting. Unfortunately, the censorship will prevent printing. Rudolfi, publisher of Moscow's only private magazine, accepts the novel, although Maksudow imitates Tolstoy . Rudolfi, in financial difficulties, disappears abroad. The magazine copies with the black snow in them were not distributed. But Iltschin has read the novel and thinks it is great. The work should be dramatized. Maksudov, who has not lived long in Moscow and has never been to the theater there, has already started his first drama. Iltschin names a number of important people from the Independent Theater to the newcomer - the director Grischa Aivazovsky, the director Jewlampia Petrovna, the dramaturge Misha Panin and Ivan Wassiljewitsch, one of the two directors of that house. Maksudov, who does not own a kopeck, continues to work bravely on the present piece and is signed after a reading on the main stage. On a program at the theater door he reads his name with open mouth under Aeschylos , Sophocles , Lope de Vega , Shakespeare , Schiller and Ostrowski .

The director Foma Strish wants to take Maksudow for himself. Nothing there - Maksudov wants to stay with Jewlampia Petrovna. He dictates a copy of his play into the machine to Polyxena Wassiljewna Toropezkaja, the secretary of the absent other theater director Aristarch Platonovich.

The calamity takes its course when Maksudov is directed via Foma Strish to the director Ivan Vasilyevich and has to read his piece there. The author cannot accept drastic changes that the director enforces during the reading and later during the rehearsal of the piece. To make matters worse, Nastassja Ivanovna Koldybayeva, the director's aunt, also talks about the basics of the staging.

Maksudow is instructed by his loving writer colleague Likopastov and by the actor Bombardow, who is kind to him, that the director is not contradicted at this theater. The insider Bombardow lets Maksudow know all kinds of things. For example, Ivan Vasilyevich only listens to three faithful. These are his deputy Gavriil Stepanowitsch, his aunt mentioned above and his secretary Avgusta Avgeevna.

When the director tells the author that the play cannot be performed, the latter demands it back. Nothing will come of it. Ivan Vasilyevich, seized with anger, looks angrily at Maksudov. Again it is Bombardov who brings news to Maksudov. The director got in touch with the Nestors at the theater - for example with Margarita Petrovna Tawritscheskaja - on the play. The youngest of this old guard is fifty-seven years old. Those elderly gentlemen are supposed to pose as boys and girls in the present piece. Ivan Wassiljewitsch enforces his patent solution for most problem cases. For example, a bride is made into a mother.

Mischa Panin and Foma Strish finally reach the beginning of rehearsal work in one piece thanks to a public annoyance - also discussed in the press: The Independent Theater has not yet brought a single contemporary play to the stage in the Soviet state.

2

Andrej Andrejewitsch, who is around 40 years old, is the first assistant director to conduct rehearsals. When the principle rider Ivan Vasilievich - once a brilliant mime himself and a director for fifty-five years - interferes, the rehearsals stagnate. He teaches his actors scenic behavior. After three weeks of rehearsals with the director, Maksudov can no longer do it.

background

When Ralf Schröder writes on June 6, 1993, "Bulgakov had to let Maksudow die in order to be able to survive himself," then he refers to the autobiographical tenor of the novel. With Maksudov's novel Black Snow, Bulgakov meant his novel The White Guard and its dramatization The Days of the Turbins . Nevertheless, Schröder continues, Maksudow was invented. The same applies to other parallels concerning the Moscow theater and literary scene of the 1920s and 1930s:

  • Theatre. With
    • Ivan Vasilyevich, the director of the Independent Theater , was Konstantin Stanislawski ,
    • Aristarch Platonovich, the other director of the Independent Theater , was Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko ,
    • Polyxena Wassiljewna Toropezkaja be Olga Bokschanskaja,
    • the Independent Theater is the Chekhov Art Theater Moscow ,
    • Xaveri Borissowitsch Iltschin, director of the studio stage of the Independent Theater , was Boris Werschilow (1893–1957),
    • Jewlampia Petrovna is Yelisaveta Teleschewa (1892–1943),
    • Misha Panin be Pavel Markov,
    • Foma Strish be Ilya Sudakov,
    • Nastassja Ivanovna Koldybajewa, Ivan Wassiljewitsch's aunt, be Marija Lilina ,
    • Gavriil Stepanowitsch was Nikolai Jegorow (1873–1955),
    • Avgusta Avgejewna is Ripsime Tamanzowa (1889-1958),
    • Margarita Petrovna Tavritscheskaja be Olga Knipper ,
    • Andrej Andrejewitsch was Nikolai Schelonsky (1889–1970),
    • Valentin Konradowitsch was Leonid Leonidow and
    • Argunin was Nikolai Kmelev

meant.

meant.

No matter - not only Bulgakov's creative years 1925–1936 at Stanislawski's Moscow theater, especially his arguments with the directors working there, are depicted in the fragment of the novel, but also his conflict with the Soviet cultural policy of the 1930s. In this context, Schröder also seeks an answer to the question why the novel could have remained a fragment and finds the answer: It was simply not possible for Bulgakov during the Stalin era in the 1930s to portray it to the bitter end, as the theater man Maksudow through "The official voice of Stalin's party " was driven to death.

Adaptations

theatre

filming

  • 1991, Belarus / Russia , Studio Impuls Minsk and Studio Elektron Novosibirsk  : Episodes from the novel have been incorporated into the 73-minute TV film The Red Island by Alexander Fenko.

German-language editions

Output used:

  • Notes of a dead person (theater novel). Translated from the Russian by Thomas Reschke . S. 217-402 in Ralf Schröder (Ed.): Bulgakow: Das Leben des Herr Molière. Record of a dead person (theater novel). Novels . Volk & Welt, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-353-00941-8 (= Vol. 2: Collected Works (13 Vols.))

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The White Guard appeared in 1924 and Die Tage der Turbins came onto the stage in 1926 (see also background ).
  2. ↑ The name is stated in the text under individual references.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Edition used, p. 329, 5th Zvu
  2. ↑ Edition used, pp. 381,13. Zvo
  3. ↑ Note on the history of literature in the afterword of the edition used, p. 414, 13. Zvu
  4. ↑ See also: Russian Who is who in the novel?
  5. ↑ Edition used, p. 266, 1. Zvo (1. part, 8. Das goldene Pferd )
  6. ↑ Edition used, p. 274, 2nd Zvu (1st part, 9th it has started )
  7. ↑ Edition used, p. 291, 22. Zvo (1st part, 10th scenes in the steam bath tree )
  8. ↑ Russian Olga Sergejewna Bokschanskaja
  9. ↑ Edition used, p. 221, 8th Zvu (1st part, 1. The adventures begin )
  10. ↑ Edition used, p. 221, 7th Zvu (Part 1, 1. The adventures begin )
  11. ↑ Russian Boris Ilyich Vershilov
  12. ↑ Edition used, p. 265, 23. Zvo (1st part, 8th Das goldene Pferd )
  13. ↑ Russian Jelisaveta Sergejewna Teleschewa
  14. ↑ Edition used, p. 265, 16. Zvo (1st part, 8th Das goldene Pferd )
  15. ^ Russian Pawel Alexandrowitsch Markow
  16. ↑ Edition used, p. 288, 22. Zvo (Part 1, 9. It has started )
  17. ↑ Russian Ilya Jakowlewitsch Sudakow
  18. ↑ Edition used, p. 338, 7th Zvu (1st part, 12th Siwzew Wrashek )
  19. ↑ Edition used, p. 342, 9th Zvu (1st part, 13th I recognize the truth )
  20. ↑ Russian Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Jegorow
  21. ↑ Edition used, p. 342, 8th Zvu (1st part, 13th I recognize the truth )
  22. ↑ Russ. Ripsime Karpovna Tamanzowa
  23. ↑ Edition used, p. 354, 19. Zvo (Part 1, 13. I know the truth )
  24. ↑ Edition used, p. 362, 8th Zvu (2nd part, 15th chapter)
  25. ↑ Russian Николай Николаевич Шелонский
  26. ↑ Edition used, p. 382, ​​15th Zvu (1st part, 13th I know the truth )
  27. ↑ Edition used, p. 318, 6th Zvo (1st part, 4th I get to know the theater )
  28. ↑ Edition used, p. 234, 11. Zvu (Part 1, 4. Den Degen zur Seit )
  29. ↑ Russian Issaja Grigoryevich Leschnjow
  30. ↑ Edition used, p. 247, 23. Zvo (1st part, 5th unusual events )
  31. ↑ Russian Juri Lwowitsch Sljoskin
  32. ↑ Edition used, p. 247, 14th Zvu (1st part, 5th unusual events )
  33. ↑ Edition used, p. 248, 17th Zvo (1st part, 5th unusual events )
  34. ↑ Edition used, p. 264, 11. Zvo (1st part, 8th Das goldene Pferd )
  35. ↑ Edition used, p. 260, 9. Zvo (1st part, 5th unusual events )
  36. ↑ Edition used, p. 372, 4th Zvu (1st part, 14th Mysterious Wonderworker )
  37. ↑ Note on the history of literature in the afterword of the edition used, p. 417, 1st Zvu
  38. ↑ See also 1976: Nationaltheater Weimar , directed by Helfried Schöbel
  39. ↑ Russian. The red island
  40. ↑ Russian Fenko, Alexander Konstantinowitsch