Backi Gračac
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Бачки Грачац Bački Gračac Szentfülöp |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : | Serbia | ||||
| Province : | Vojvodina | ||||
| Okrug : | Zapadna Backa | ||||
| Opština : | Odžaci | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 33 ' N , 19 ° 19' E | ||||
| Height : | 82 m. i. J. | ||||
| Area : | 30.6 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 2,295 (2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 75 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+381) 25 | ||||
| Postal code : | 25 252 | ||||
| License plate : | SO | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type: | Village | ||||
Bački Gračac ( Serbian - Cyrillic Бачки Грачац ; German Filipowa , also Kindlingen or Philipsdorf , Croatian Filipovo , Hungarian Szentfülöp ) is a district of the Odžaci municipality in western Batschka . It is located in the Serbian autonomous province of Vojvodina . In 2011 it had 2295 inhabitants.
Surname
The old Serbian name of the village was Filipovo ( Филипово ). The modified versions of this Serbian term ( Filipowa ) were also adopted by the Germans. Other names for the village were Filipovo Selo (Serbian) and Szentfülöp , Szent-Fülöp ( Hungarian ).
history
The area in which Bački Gračac was settled can be found as the property of the monastery of St. Philip was first mentioned in a document in 1113 . The name Gut Philippowa was retained for the few houses and the count's property . After the Ottomans were driven out, it was an “ownerless property”. In 1652 the village consisted of seven houses and a monastery. Empress Maria Theresa ordered the settlement of the ownerless property Philippowa , administered by the court chamber in Vienna , with her own patent . Catholic Germans (from Lorraine , Alsace , the Rhine Palatinate , from Baden and Austrian Swabia ) and a group of Bohemians with Czech mother tongue were recruited . Germans settled in the village in 1763. In 1764, 20 more houses were built, so that the number of houses rose to 60, in which a total of 75 German families lived. In 1801 there were 272 houses in the village. At the beginning of the 1900s there were 535 houses. “It was not until around 1880 that the dominance of the peasant class declined somewhat, the trade class and the working class emerged more strongly. The Economic Community but remains homogeneous, without being split by class struggles and achieved with the rise of the first mechanization with a population of four to five thousand souls soon the economic power of a small European town. "1904 Filipowa is in the course of Magyarization officially" Szentfülöp "( St. Philip) renamed. After the end of the First World War in 1918, Filipowa fell to the newly created Kingdom of Yugoslavia under the Treaty of Trianon . From now on the place was officially called Filipovo (Филипово). Filipowa remained a purely German and purely Catholic community until 1944. The few Hungarian and Slavic civil servants as well as Slavic agricultural employees (mostly only temporarily employed in the village) resulted in the small proportion of other nationalities in the local population.
During the Second World War on November 25, 1944 between Filipowa and Hodschag, 212 German men and youths were shot by partisans of the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army . The mass grave with the victims was uncovered in a corn field in 2010. On June 17, 2011, a memorial plaque was ceremoniously inaugurated there in the presence of the German Archbishop Robert Zollitsch , whose sixteen-year-old brother was killed in the massacre.
At the beginning of 1945, the German population that had not yet fled was expelled and most of them interned in camps in Gakowa and Kruschiwl. From 1945 to March 1948, 833 people from Filipovo died of starvation or disease.
Population development
- 1880: 3,039
- 1910: 3,881
- 1921: 3,806
- 1931: 4,356 (4,244 German; Yugoslav census)
- 1944: 5,306 (5280 Germans; own count)
- 1961: 4.284
- 1971: 3.343
- 1981: 2,996
- 1991: 2,924
- 2002: 2,913
- 2011: 2,295
- 2014: 2,273
Sons and daughters of the village
- Stefan Augsburger (1856–1893), poet, Catholic priest and politician
- Stefan Gillich (1932–2019), politician
- Robert Zollitsch (* 1938), Archbishop of Freiburg
- Peter Kupferschmidt (* 1942), former soccer player with FC Bayern Munich
Web links
Filipowa / History - Literature - Documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b 2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia. (PDF) In: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (PDF). April 2014, accessed August 12, 2018 (Serbian, English).
- ↑ Backi Gračac. In: Mapcarta. Retrieved August 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Georg Wildmann in: "Zavičaj na Dunavu" (At home on the Danube), Muzej Vojvodine, Novi Sad 2009, p. 130
- ^ Association of the Filipowa local community in Austria
- ↑ Christoph Strack: A sign of reconciliation. www.dw-world.de, June 18, 2011
- ^ White Book of Germans from Yugoslavia, Munich 1992, pp. 473–475.