Farmer morning walk
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The Bauer Morgengang is a 5.5 kilometer long ore vein in the mining area of the Marienberg Revier . Name factor in the transition was the farmer mine . The treasure trove is the first known mine on this passage. The distinctive stockpile line in Lauta (district of Marienberg) is a listed building. The individual heaps are biotopes and are under nature protection. The stockpile train is part of the Ore Mountains Mining Region UNESCO World Heritage Site .
location
The farmer Morgengang strikes an average of 30 ° NE and falls between 68 and 74 ° NNW. The larger and more important part of the Ganges is the opposite center west of the Lautenbach. The course of the corridor is visualized above ground by the dump train, which lies east of the village Lauta and runs from Lautenbach around 600 meters in an east-northeast direction. The tailings pile of the Gegenentrum runs south of Lauta for around two kilometers to the west-southwest to the Dreibrüderhöhe . About halfway it is crossed by the corridor train of the Elisabeth Flachen .
geology
The Bauer Morgengang is a hydrothermal vein and belongs to the quartz-polymetallic association of the (kb formation), in which silver-rich lead-zinc ores predominate. He is accompanied by a lamprophyre walk. Overprinting by more recent sequences is limited to aisle crosses with standing or flat aisles.
history
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2. Main period of mining in the Ore Mountains
The silver mining on the vein in the Bauernzeche mine was first mentioned in the Crucis quarter of 1523. This was owned, among others, by the Leipzig merchant Georg Kreuziger . In short succession, further pits were built on the vein. The heaps are regularly spaced, corresponding to the size of the former pit fields of 84 × 14 m for the treasure trove and 56 × 14 m for the dimensions in the direction of strike of the corridor. Due to the small size of the heaps , it can be assumed that these were shafts with manual reels. The maximum delivery depth was therefore 30 to 50 m. Not all of these heaps have been preserved.
The yield on the ore was 83,334 guilders between 1533 and 1597 .
In order to have enough impact water available for lifting the water, the Reitzenhainer Zeuggraben to Lauta was completed in 1551 . This made it possible to drive artifacts on the pits of the Bauer Morgenganges , the Elisabeth Flachen and the neighboring gravel wood .
The Wasserlochzeche , today's Rudolphschacht, sunk on the Bauer Morgengang . Its origin is the 15th Maaßenschacht on the Gegentrum farm colliery . The ore mining had largely come to a standstill due to the problems and costs of dewatering as well as the Thirty Years' War .
3. Main period of mining in the Ore Mountains
The miner Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra made great efforts to bring the mines back into operation in the long term. Thus, in 1777 the Duke Carl bay on the Bauer morning walk by Johann Friedrich Mende a water column machine installed. However, this did not meet the expectations placed in it.
A final upswing in mining on Bauer Morgengang began in the first third of the 19th century. In 1830 the Weißtaubner Stolln, driven on the David Flachen , reached the corridor. The tunnel was driven from here on the hanging strand of the Bauer Morgengang , also known as God's blessing Morgengang , and in 1835 reached the waterhole shaft at a depth of 128 meters. The further goal of the ascension was the Solomon flat , which was reached on December 14, 1836. Previously, the previously unknown Amandus flat had been run over. This should develop into the main course of the pit. The corridor was named after the Freiberg Bergrat Carl Amandus Kühn .
In 1838/1839 the waterhole shaft was expanded into a delivery shaft. The shaft tube was lined, the shaft was saddled up and a horse peg was installed. The shaft was given the name of the new miner Rudolph Hering on January 23, 1839 and was henceforth called Rudolphschacht . To raise the pit water, an artificial wheel with a diameter of 13 meters was installed in the shaft between 1842 and 1844. In order to obtain the necessary impact water , the dog route, 22 meters above the Weißtaubner Stolln , was to be driven on the Bauer Morgengang from Solomon Flachen to Duke Carl Schacht . The decision was made to redo the dog route between Rudolphschacht and the old Abrahamer Kunstschacht over a length of 582 meters up to a height of two meters. From the Abrahamer Kunstschacht to the Duke Carl Schacht , no further survey was necessary, as the distance to the Duke Carl Schacht climbs. Here you use the water brought in from the Lautenteich via the shaft by means of a rose. However, the amount of water was not enough to keep the artificial bike running. Therefore, in 1846/47 the Kathariner watercourse , through which the pit used to receive the impact water, was cleared over a length of 1500 meters. The water from the Raitzenhainer Zeuggraben could now be channeled to the pit via this. In 1844 the shaft was sunk to a depth of 186 meters to the first gezeug section. In 1847 one reached the aisle cross of the farmer morning aisle with Solomon flat on this route . Here one found dismantling of the "old" which reached up to this stretch. In 1848 there were disputes with the mill owner Lorenz and Consorten over the rights to the impact water. Therefore, at the end of 1848 there was a shortage of impact water. As a result, the structures under the Weißtaubner Stolln had to be abandoned despite good silver cracks. At this point in time, the shaft depth had reached ½ the second gezeug section at 203 meters.
With the consolidation of several old mining areas to form Marienberger Silberbergbau Aktiengesellschaft in 1862, the Rudolph shaft became the union's central shaft. In 1865, a 16-HP locomobile was installed to keep the water flowing. The shaft was swamped and in 1866 it was sunk up to the second geiferous section at up to 223 meters. The goal of the driveways at this point was to reach the Elisabeth flat . After 410 meters from the Rudolphschacht, the Weißtaubner Stolln , which had been driven in the Bauer Morgengang , broke through with the passage. In 1868 ½ of the third gezeug line was reached in the shaft at 243 meters and the crosses Bauer Morgengang with the Amandus flat and the Solomon flat with the Amandus flat were examined.
From 1871/73 a water column machine was installed for dewatering and the shaft was brought to a depth of 263 meters as far as the third geological section. In 1877 a steam hauling machine replaced the horse peg . In the same year the shaft depth reached ½ the fourth gezeug section.
After the new company law came into effect on July 18, 1884, Marienberger Silberbergbau Aktiengesellschaft decided in 1888 to convert the AG into a union under the name of Father Abraham Fundgrube zu Marienberg .
In 1899 mining in the Rudolphschacht area was stopped. At a depth of 322 meters, the shaft had reached the 5th gezeug section. The union began with the further advance of the deep help god adit to separate the area from the water on a deeper level. The drive was stopped in June 1904 and all mining rights were canceled in December.
Mining work by Wismut AG / SDAG Wismut
In February 1947, Wismut AG / began to work on the Rudolph shaft. The shaft was given shaft number 45. In March 1947, the Weißtaubner Stolnnsohle was reached. In September 1947, the swamping of the mine field began. In April 1948, the swamp was completed when the 5th level was reached. By the end of 1949, 20,800 meters of old routes had been overcome and 5600 meters of new routes had been driven. In order to develop deeper levels, blind shaft 300 was sunk in the Elisabeth Flachen up to level 8 with a depth of 214 meters. The Bauer morning walk was driven onto the ½ 6th and 6th floor and examined. The main ore suppliers in the area of the Rudolph shaft were the Elisabeth Flache (6.9 t uranium) and the Amandus Flache (7.6 t uranium). In order to open up the mine field in the area of the father Abraham shaft, shaft 139 was sunk. It was connected to the Rudolphschacht on several levels. In the fall of 1954, work was stopped.
The fluorspar mining
On April 1, 1955, the VEB Spatgruben Bärenstein operating department in Marienberg was founded. The aim was to mine the well-known fluorspar deposits on some corridors. In the Rudolphschacht area, the Amandus Flache and the Elisabeth Flache were examined. They turned out to be unsustainable. The fluorspar extracted in the area of shaft 139 often did not meet the required quality requirements. The dismantling was therefore stopped in December 1958.
Rudolphschacht exhibition facility
In 2005/2006 the horse goblet was rebuilt. The greenhouse houses the exhibition "Mining in the Marienberg Revier", there are demonstrations. The upper twenty meters of the shaft can be viewed.
literature
- Otfried Wagenbreth et al .: Mining in the Ore Mountains . Technical monuments and history. Ed .: Otfried Wagenbreth, Eberhard Wächtler . 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-342-00509-2 , p. 265 .
- Rolf Lange with contributions from Axel Hiller: The bismuth in Marienberg . Volume I Mining and Geology. Ed .: Rolf Lange. 1st edition. 2006, ISBN 3-00-019626-9 .
- Rolf Lange: Mining on fluorspar . Marienberg / Erzgebirge 1955-1958. Ed .: Rolf Lange. 1st edition. 2000, ISBN 3-00-006719-1 .
- Calendar for the Saxon miner and smelter. 1827 to 1851 Royal Mining Academy in Freiberg
- Yearbook for the mountain and hut man. 1852 to 1872. Freiberg Royal Mining Academy
- Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony. 1873 to 1917.
- Ore Mountains Mining Region: Pilot study Marienberg p. 33ff, appendices online version
- Falk Meyer: Marienberg mining around 1600 . In: Proceedings, 10th International Mining History Workshop from 3. – 7. October 2007 in Dittrichshütte / Thuringia . 2007, p. 47-58 ( online ).
Web links
- Horse peg on the Rudolphschacht. In: marienberg.de. Retrieved December 28, 2019 .
- Conveyor technology - Pferdegöpel Lauta. In: unbekannter-bergbau.de. Retrieved December 28, 2019 .
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 50 ° 39 ′ 55.2 ″ N , 13 ° 9 ′ 6.1 ″ E