Bielefeld Farmhouse Museum

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Bielefeld Farmhouse Museum
Farmhouse Museum Bielefeld.JPG
Bielefeld Farmhouse Museum
Data
place Bielefeld
Art
opening 1917
Number of visitors (annually) 34,442
Website
ISIL DE-MUS-021710

The Bauernhausmuseum Bielefeld is a museum in the Gadderbaum district of the East Westphalian city ​​of Bielefeld in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . The museum is located in the Bielefeld city forest and is one of the oldest open-air museums in Westphalia .

In 2001 the museum was particularly recommended when it was awarded the European Museum of the Year award .

history

The city of Bielefeld had the museum built from 1915 on the initiative of the historical association for the county of Ravensberg . The museum is one of the first foundings of its kind in Europe and the oldest on Westphalian soil.

The main building of the museum is the former Hof Meier zu Ummeln, which was moved here. However, it burned down in 1995 including its inventory due to a technical defect and was replaced in 1999 by the main building of Hof Möllering from Rödinghausen ( Herford district ). The new house is a three-column house from 1590. Since the reopening, rural life, living and working around 1850 has been presented in the farmhouse museum. In the individual exhibition sections, functional and historical contexts of a farm in the 19th century are explained.

It was not until twenty years after the opening that a post mill , a Boke mill and a Spieker were added to create an open- air museum complex, which was expanded in the 1980s with a bakery and an apiary .

Exhibition departments

The permanent exhibition shows the Möllering farm (main building, 1590), a bakery (1764), a post windmill (1686), a bokemill (1826) and the Spieker (1795). In addition, there are regularly changing special exhibitions in the exhibition basement of the main building.

Möllering farm

The main house represents aspects of rural life around 1850 based on the guiding principle “System Hof”. Here the role and position of every farm resident and farm animal as well as their mutual dependence on each other becomes clear. The influence of weather, illness, marriage and death on productivity in the farm at that time is also explained. The everyday world is illustrated using furniture and equipment. In the center of the main house is the open hearth fire, which provided warmth and light. The house does not have a chimney, but rising smoke preserved meat and sausages and protected against vermin.

In the dining room you can see where the farm residents ate their meals together. Mostly porridge, grits, pancakes and soups were on the table; Meat food was rather a rarity. The excess of food produced during harvest time was stored in the storage cellar after using preservation methods .

Since yarn and linen production was important in addition to agriculture , there is a weaving chamber in the Möllering farm. The textiles were used both for personal use and for sale. In the winter months the (living) room was also used to spin flax .

Bakehouse

The oven in the bakery is still functional today . "A hard, black, sticky stone" is how the French philosopher Voltaire described the pumpernickel bread popular in Ravensberg . In the bakery the bread, such as B. the said pumpernickel, baked on stock. Depending on the number of people living on the farm, it had to be baked every two to four weeks. Before baking, the fire had to burn in the oven for about six to eight hours. Wood was mostly used as fuel. When the bread came out of the oven, the residual heat from the oven was often used for other purposes, e.g. B. for cakes or pastries. The long-lasting hunger crisis in the middle of the 19th century in the Ravensberger Land is also discussed here . In 1824, unfavorable weather conditions triggered a food crisis that, together with other factors, had catastrophic effects on the people in the region. This was the beginning of a catastrophe that lasted until the end of the 1840s and meant hunger, need and misery for the people.

Post mill

Post mill 1

The mill was used to extract flour or grist. There was a relationship of dependency between the farmer and the miller, because without the miller's expert knowledge and labor, the farmer's grain would not turn into bread. On the other hand, the miller could only do his work if he received grain from the farmer. Of course, the miller was also dependent on the weather, because if the wind conditions were bad, work would be delayed. The windmill was a solution for changing the direction of the wind , because the mill housing was and is still rotatable into the wind today. In order for the mill to maintain its stability, it was anchored by a house tree that stood on the Ochsenheide. The only pivot point of the mill housing is at the point where a mighty crossbeam rests on the upper part of the house tree. If the weather conditions were bad for a long time, so that the miller could not grind, it had to be ground with a hand-operated grist mill . Such a hand mill is exhibited in the farmhouse museum for educational purposes . In 2015 the housing and the blades of the post mill were renewed.

Boke mill

The boke mill was used in the production of linen from the raw material flax . The flax was pounded soft under the hammers of the mill. The hammer mill was powered by a horse, so this also Rossmühle is called. Today there are only two mills of this type left in the region, with the Boke mill being the older.

Spieker

Originally the upper floor of the Spieker was used as a warehouse for valuable seeds . Today there are two exhibitions in the house. On the ground floor, in contrast to idyllic images, documents illustrate the problems of old people in the 19th century. The top floor deals with the taxes and services the local farmers had to pay their landlords and how the farmers laboriously tried to cancel these taxes.

Others

Day laborer's house from 1568 (children's house)

Children's home

Children are particularly welcome in the newly designed exhibition. Since 2007 they even have their own house available, i. H. a building for museum educational work. Topics such as B. "Butter" or "Lappenpickert bake" are discussed here, in which the "little ones" also hold their own "product" in their hands at the end. The children's house is a former day laborer's house from 1568 and was originally in Vlotho . Known there as Haus Casselmann, it was the secular building with the oldest known dating in Vlotho until it was dismantled in the course of urban redevelopment in the 1970s. Since then, two half-timbered buildings from 1570 have been mentioned.

Gardens and apiary

Visitors have the opportunity to get to know a rural ornamental garden and kitchen gardens . The conception of the ornamental garden is based on popular ideas of rural ornamental gardens of the 18th and 19th centuries. Here you have the opportunity to get to know ornamental and useful plants that have become historic. In addition, an apiary (1900) can be seen, as honey was the cheaper sweetener and medicinal product alongside cane sugar from overseas and the sugar obtained from sugar beet . Beeswax was also used as a raw material for candles. Today honey is still made in the apiary.

Celebrations and café

The farmhouse museum has a café serving Westphalian dishes such as B. the Pickert , can be fed. In addition to cold and warm drinks, home-made cakes and pies are also offered. For celebrations, the museum is the perfect setting to receive guests in a special atmosphere.

Museum collections

Only a part of the museum collection is shown in the permanent exhibition. The exhibits such as furniture, wooden tools, ceramics or clothing come almost exclusively from the immediate vicinity of Bielefeld.

literature

  • Johannes Altenberend, Lutz Volmer (Ed.): The Bielefelder Bauernhausmuseum 1917-2017. A place for rural history , Verlag Regionalgeschichte Bielefeld 2017.
  • Astrid Ballerstein: bride and groom and corn sweep. A guide through the Bielefeld City Farmhouse Museum. Bielefeld 1992
  • G. Ulrich Großmann: Guide through the Bielefeld Farmhouse Museum (Small Westphalian Library, Volume 3). Bielefeld 1984
  • Claudia Puschmann, Rosa Schumacher (ed.): Farmhouse Museum Bielefeld. Insights into the "Hof System" in Ravensberg in the middle of the 19th century. Bielefeld 1999

See also

Web links

Commons : Bauernhausmuseum Bielefeld  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A good 34,000 people visited the farmhouse museum in 2015. In: Neue Westfälische , January 23, 2016
  2. ↑ European Museum of the Year Award 2001. Retrieved from www.archive.org on October 22, 2018.
  3. ↑ Children's home. bielefelder-bauernhausmuseum.de, accessed on February 12, 2020 .
  4. ^ Haus Casselmann in Vlotho at Langen Strasse No. 32. geschichtevlotho.de, accessed on February 12, 2020 .
  5. ^ Half-timbered building in Vlotho. weser-tourismus.com, accessed on February 12, 2020 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 1 ′ 25.4 "  N , 8 ° 30 ′ 29.4"  E